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Clinical Practice Guidelines

Dysphagia

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Seoyon Yang, Jin-Woo Park, Kyunghoon Min, Yoon Se Lee, Young-Jin Song, Seong Hee Choi, Doo Young Kim, Seung Hak Lee, Hee Seung Yang, Wonjae Cha, Ji Won Kim, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Min-Wook Kim, Hee-Soon Woo, Sung-Jong Park, Sungju Jee, Ju Sun Oh, Ki Deok Park, Young Ju Jin, Sungjun Han, DooHan Yoo, Bo Hae Kim, Hyun Haeng Lee, Yeo Hyung Kim, Min-Gu Kang, Eun-Jae Chung, Bo Ryun Kim, Tae-Woo Kim, Eun Jae Ko, Young Min Park, Hanaro Park, Min-Su Kim, Jungirl Seok, Sun Im, Sung-Hwa Ko, Seong Hoon Lim, Kee Wook Jung, Tae Hee Lee, Bo Young Hong, Woojeong Kim, Weon-Sun Shin, Young Chan Lee, Sung Joon Park, Jeonghyun Lim, Youngkook Kim, Jung Hwan Lee, Kang-Min Ahn, Jun-Young Paeng, JeongYun Park, Young Ae Song, Kyung Cheon Seo, Chang Hwan Ryu, Jae-Keun Cho, Jee-Ho Lee, Kyoung Hyo Choi
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(Suppl 1):S1-S26.   Published online July 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23069
Objective
Dysphagia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing. It is sub-classified into oropharyngeal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the mouth and pharynx, and esophageal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the esophageal body and esophagogastric junction. Dysphagia can have a significant negative impact one’s physical health and quality of life as its severity increases. Therefore, proper assessment and management of dysphagia are critical for improving swallowing function and preventing complications. Thus a guideline was developed to provide evidence-based recommendations for assessment and management in patients with dysphagia.
Methods
Nineteen key questions on dysphagia were developed. These questions dealt with various aspects of problems related to dysphagia, including assessment, management, and complications. A literature search for relevant articles was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and one domestic database of KoreaMed, until April 2021. The level of evidence and recommendation grade were established according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.
Results
Early screening and assessment of videofluoroscopic swallowing were recommended for assessing the presence of dysphagia. Therapeutic methods, such as tongue and pharyngeal muscle strengthening exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation with swallowing therapy, were effective in improving swallowing function and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Nutritional intervention and an oral care program were also recommended.
Conclusion
This guideline presents recommendations for the assessment and management of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, including rehabilitative strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Using concept mapping to guide dysphagia service enhancements in Singapore: Recommendations from the speech-language pathology workforce
    Flora M.M Poon, Elizabeth C. Ward, Clare L. Burns
    International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2025; 27(1): 56.     CrossRef
  • Cough Suppression Therapy in Patients With Chronic Refractory Cough and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
    ShengYing A. Chen, Jessica F. Kim, Priya Krishna, Ethan Simmons, Brianna K. Crawley, Thomas Murry
    American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2025; 34(3): 1058.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Beverage Viscosity Based on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative and Its Correspondence to the Japanese Dysphagia Diet 2021
    Mari Nakao-Kato, Aya Takahashi, Jin Magara
    Nutrients.2025; 17(6): 1051.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing oropharyngeal dysphagia in individuals with chronic neurological disorders presenting to the outpatient swallowing disorder clinic
    Güleser Güney Yılmaz, Müberra Tanrıverdi, Remzi Doğan, Orhan Özturan
    Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.2025; 97: 106387.     CrossRef
  • The Efficacy of Outpatient Swallowing Therapy: A Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
    Tyler W. Crosby, Sonja Molfenter, Matina Balou, Uche C. Ezeh, Milan R. Amin
    Dysphagia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Role of Dysphagia on Head and Neck Cancer Patients’ Quality of Life, Functional Disabilities and Psychological Distress: Outcomes of Cancer Rehabilitation from an Observational Single-Center Study
    Špela Matko, Christina Knauseder, David Riedl, Vincent Grote, Michael J. Fischer, Samuel Moritz Vorbach, Karin Pfaller-Frank, Wilhelm Frank, Thomas Licht
    Current Oncology.2025; 32(4): 220.     CrossRef
  • The impact of physical therapy on dysphagia in neurological diseases: a review
    Kun Li, Cuiyuan Fu, Zhen Xie, Jiajia Zhang, Chenchen Zhang, Rui Li, Caifeng Gao, Jiahui Wang, Chuang Xue, Yuebing Zhang, Wei Deng
    Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Seo Jung Yun, Han Gil Seo
    Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2024; 14(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Long COVID
    Jun-Won Seo, Seong Eun Kim, Yoonjung Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Tark Kim, Taehwa Kim, So Hee Lee, Eunjung Lee, Jacob Lee, Yu Bin Seo, Young-Hoon Jeong, Young Hee Jung, Yu Jung Choi, Joon Young Song
    Infection & Chemotherapy.2024; 56(1): 122.     CrossRef
  • Association between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and mortality in older Japanese patients with dysphagia
    Chunhong Guo, Pingping Zheng, Shiyang Chen, Lin Wei, Xiuzhen Fu, Youyuan Fu, Tianhong Hu, Shaohua Chen
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Compensatory strategies of dysphagia after anterior cervical spinal surgery: A case report
    Sung Joon Chung, Jun Ho Lee, Yunsoo Soh
    Medicine.2024; 103(29): e39016.     CrossRef
  • The Right ICD Code, Right Now: A Call to Action for Pragmatic Language Disorders After Right Hemisphere Stroke
    Jamila Minga, Shanika Phillips Fullwood, Deborah Rose, Danai Kasambira Fannin
    American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2024; 33(6): 3121.     CrossRef
  • Dysphagia Screening in Residential Long-Term Care Settings in the Republic of Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Survey
    Constantino Estupiñán Artiles, Claire Donnellan, Julie Regan, Mary Mooney
    Dysphagia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dysphagia and Dysphonia After Head and Neck Cancer
    Aaron Parsons, Karuna Dewan
    Oral Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The pathophysiology of dysphagia post‐lung transplant: A systematic review
    Sana Smaoui, Elly Cummins, Maryah Mena, Summer Scott, Rodrigo Tobar‐Fredes
    Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of segmental tongue function training on tongue pressure attributes in individuals with dysphagia after receiving radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Fei Zhao, Chen Yang, Si-Ming Sun, Yao-Wen Zhang, Hong-Mei Wen, Zu-Lin Dou, Xiao-Mei Wei, Chun-Qing Xie
    BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia
    Kyoung Hyo Choi
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(10): 604.     CrossRef
  • 15,913 View
  • 685 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 17 Crossref

Geriatric Rehabilitation

Clinical Practice Guideline for Postoperative Rehabilitation in Older Patients With Hip Fractures
Kyunghoon Min, Jaewon Beom, Bo Ryun Kim, Sang Yoon Lee, Goo Joo Lee, Jung Hwan Lee, Seung Yeol Lee, Sun Jae Won, Sangwoo Ahn, Heui Je Bang, Yonghan Cha, Min Cheol Chang, Jung-Yeon Choi, Jong Geol Do, Kyung Hee Do, Jae-Young Han, Il-Young Jang, Youri Jin, Dong Hwan Kim, Du Hwan Kim, In Jong Kim, Myung Chul Kim, Won Kim, Yun Jung Lee, In Seok Lee, In-Sik Lee, JungSoo Lee, Chang-Hyung Lee, Seong Hoon Lim, Donghwi Park, Jung Hyun Park, Myungsook Park, Yongsoon Park, Ju Seok Ryu, Young Jin Song, Seoyon Yang, Hee Seung Yang, Ji Sung Yoo, Jun-il Yoo, Seung Don Yoo, Kyoung Hyo Choi, Jae-Young Lim
Ann Rehabil Med 2021;45(3):225-259.   Published online June 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.21110
Objective
The incidence of hip fractures is increasing worldwide with the aging population, causing a challenge to healthcare systems due to the associated morbidities and high risk of mortality. After hip fractures in frail geriatric patients, existing comorbidities worsen and new complications are prone to occur. Comprehensive rehabilitation is essential for promoting physical function recovery and minimizing complications, which can be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach. Recommendations are required to assist healthcare providers in making decisions on rehabilitation post-surgery. Clinical practice guidelines regarding rehabilitation (physical and occupational therapies) and management of comorbidities/complications in the postoperative phase of hip fractures have not been developed. This guideline aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for various treatment items required for proper recovery after hip fracture surgeries. Methods Reflecting the complex perspectives associated with rehabilitation post-hip surgeries, 15 key questions (KQs) reflecting the complex perspectives associated with post-hip surgery rehabilitation were categorized into four areas: multidisciplinary, rehabilitation, community-care, and comorbidities/complications. Relevant literature from four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed) was searched for articles published up to February 2020. The evidence level and recommended grade were determined according to the grade of recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation method. Results A multidisciplinary approach, progressive resistance exercises, and balance training are strongly recommended. Early ambulation, weigh-bearing exercises, activities of daily living training, community-level rehabilitation, management of comorbidities/complication prevention, and nutritional support were also suggested. This multidisciplinary approach reduced the total healthcare cost.
Conclusion
This guideline presents comprehensive recommendations for the rehabilitation of adult patients after hip fracture surgery.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Triad Approach to Best Interests when Responding to Discharge Demands from Hospitalized Patients Lacking in Mental Capacity to Decide on Treatment
    See Muah Lee, Nydia Camelia Mohd Rais, Gerard Porter
    Asian Bioethics Review.2025; 17(1): 129.     CrossRef
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    Ping Li, Xi Li, Guiying Peng, Jun Deng, Qiang Li
    Medicine.2025; 104(2): e41125.     CrossRef
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    Wen Tang, Yiqi Wang, Yulian He, Bo Liu, Runzhi Yuan, Yanhui Zhou, Huayong Huang
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mahmut Tuncez, Tugrul Bulut, Yilmaz Onder, Omur Rezan Talar
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(4): 1040.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Nationwide Postoperative Rehabilitation at Home Program after Lower Extremity Surgeries in Older and Younger People
    Kyunghoon Min, Sangchul Lee, Jae Min Kim, Jung Hyun Park, Jun Hwan Choi, Bo Ryun Kim, Kyu Wan Kwak, Seong Jun Kim, Jae-Young Lim
    Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2025; 29(1): 119.     CrossRef
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    Maryline Beaudoin, Etienne L. Belzile, Céline Gélinas, David Trépanier, Marcel Émond, Marc-Aurèle Gagnon, Mélanie Bérubé
    International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing.2024; 52: 101050.     CrossRef
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    Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii
    Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    N. S. Nikolaev, E. V. Preobrazhenskaya, R. V. Petrova, V. E. Andreeva
    National Health Care (Russia).2024; 4(4): 23.     CrossRef
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    Kumiko Yotsuya, Kaoru Yamazaki, Junichiro Sarukawa, Tatsuya Yasuda, Yukihiro Matsuyama
    Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia.2024; 10(2): 72.     CrossRef
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    Hai Chang, Chunliang Luan, Chen Li
    Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hyeon Su Kim, Shinjune Kim, Hyunbin Kim, Sang-Youn Song, Yonghan Cha, Jung-Taek Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Yong-Chan Ha, Jun-Il Yoo
    PeerJ.2024; 12: e17509.     CrossRef
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    Siu-Shing Man, Huiying Wen, Kung-Ting Chiu, Fenghong Wang, Hoi-Shou Chan
    Healthcare.2024; 12(17): 1775.     CrossRef
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    Kosuke Sasaki, Yoshimitsu Takahashi, Mayumi Toyama, Hiroaki Ueshima, Tomoko Ohura, Satoe Okabayashi, Tomonari Shimamoto, Yukiko Tateyama, Hiroko Ikeuchi, Junichi Murakami, Noriko Furuita, Genta Kato, Taku Iwami, Takeo Nakayama, Masaki Mogi
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    American Journal of Translational Research.2024; 16(9): 4894.     CrossRef
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  • 43 Web of Science
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Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea
Chul Kim, Jidong Sung, Jong Hwa Lee, Won-Seok Kim, Goo Joo Lee, Sungju Jee, Il-Young Jung, Ueon Woo Rah, Byung Ok Kim, Kyoung Hyo Choi, Bum Sun Kwon, Seung Don Yoo, Heui Je Bang, Hyung-Ik Shin, Yong Wook Kim, Heeyoune Jung, Eung Ju Kim, Jung Hwan Lee, In Hyun Jung, Jae-Seung Jung, Jong-Young Lee, Jae-Young Han, Eun Young Han, Yu Hui Won, Woosik Han, Sora Baek, Kyung-Lim Joa, Sook Joung Lee, Ae Ryoung Kim, So Young Lee, Jihee Kim, Hee Eun Choi, Byeong-Ju Lee, Soon Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2019;43(3):355-443.   Published online June 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.3.355
Objective
Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and three additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea.
Methods
This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and two general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, three rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. Principal Conclusions CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation Health Insurance Coverage on Cardiac Rehabilitation Use in Korea Using an Interrupted Time Series
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