All manuscripts should be written with strict adherence to the research and publication ethics guidelines recommended by Council of Science Editors (http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE, http://www.icmje.org/), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME, http://www.wame.org/), and the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE, https://www.kamje.or.kr/en/main_en). For all studies involving human subjects, the principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki (https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/) should be upheld, informed consent must be obtained from all participants, and must be approved by a recognized Institutional Review Board (IRB) or research ethics committee. The editor may request submission of copies of informed consents from human subjects in clinical studies or IRB approval documents. Experiments involving animals should comply with the NIH guidelines for the use of laboratory animals (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/research_report_guide.html) and/or be reviewed by an appropriate committee (e.g., Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, IACUC) to ensure the ethical treatment of animals in research. Also, studies with pathogens requiring a high degree of biosafety should pass review of a relevant committee (e.g., Institutional Biosafety Committee, IBC). ARM will follow the guidelines by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, http://publicationethics.org/) for settlement of any misconduct.

1) REDUNDANT PUBLICATION AND PLAGIARISM

All submitted manuscripts should be original and should not be considered by other scientific journals for publication at the same time. No part of the accepted manuscript should be duplicated in any other scientific journal without the permission of the editorial board. If plagiarism or duplicate publication related to the papers of this journal is detected, the manuscripts may be rejected, the authors will be announced in the journal, and their institutes will be informed. There will also be penalties for the authors.

2) AUTHORSHIP

ARM follows the recommendations by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE,http://www.icmje.org/) and and the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE, https://www.kamje.or.kr/en/main_en). Authorship is credited to those who have direct involvement in the study and have made significant contributions to (a) substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND (b) drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND (c) final approval of the version to be published; AND (d) agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved as recommended by ICMJE. The primary investigator is designated the first author of the study, unless contested by the other authors. The corresponding author is directly responsible for communication and revision of the submitted manuscript. Authors are required to include a statement of responsibility in the manuscript that specifies the contribution of every author at the end of the manuscript, in a section entitled “Author contribution”. All persons who have made substantial contribution, but who are not eligible as authors should be named in the acknowledgments. In the case of change of authorship, a written explanation must be submitted. Change in either the first author or the corresponding author requires approval by the editorial board, and any changes in the other authors require approval by the editor-in-chief.

3) CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The corresponding author of an article is asked to inform the editor of the authors’ potential conflicts of interest possibly influencing their interpretation of data. A potential conflict of interest must be disclosed during the online submission process on the appropriate web page. Such conflicts may be financial support or private connections to pharmaceutical companies, political pressure from interest groups, or academic problems based on the “ICMJE Uniform Disclosure Form for Potential Conflicts of Interest” (http://www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf). The editor will decide whether the information on the conflict should be included in the published paper. Before publishing such information, the editor will consult with the corresponding author. In particular, all sources of funding for a study should be explicitly stated.

4) REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIAL

Clinical trial defined as “any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects to intervention and comparison groups to study the cause-and-effect relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome” is recommended to be registered to the primary registry to be prior publication. ARM recommend, as a condition of consideration for publication, registration in a public trials registry. ARM accepts the registration in any of the primary registries that participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Portal (http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/), NIH ClinicalTrials. gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/), ISRCTN Resister (www.isrctn.org), ANZCTR (https://www.anzctr.org.au/), EudraCT Database (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/), Clinical Trials Information System (https://euclinicaltrials.eu/), University Hospital Medical Information Network (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index/htm), EU Clinical Trials Register (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/) or The Clinical Research Information Service (http://cris.nih.go.kr/). The clinical trial registration number will be published at the end of the abstract.

5) PROCESS FOR MANAGING RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION MISCONDUCT

When the journal faces suspected cases of research and publication misconduct such as redundant (duplicate) publication, plagiarism, fraudulent or fabricated data, changes in authorship, an undisclosed conflict of interest, ethical problems with a submitted manuscript, a reviewer who has appropriated an author’s idea or data, complaints against editors, and so on, the resolution process will follow the flowchart provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts). The discussion and decision on the suspected cases are carried out by the Editorial Board.

6) PROCESS FOR HANDLING CASES REQUIRING CORRECTIONS, RETRACTIONS, AND EDITORIAL EXPRESSIONS OF CONCERN

Cases that require editorial expressions of concern or retraction shall follow the COPE flowcharts available from: https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts. If correction needs, it will follow the ICMJE Recommendation for Corrections, Retractions, Republications and Version Control available from:http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/corrections-and-version-control.html.

7) ETHICS AND AUTHORSHIP IN THE USE OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

Authorship assignment to AI is prohibited. ARM discourages the use of generative AI tools for the purpose of creating any types of content (including text, tables, and figures) for scientific manuscripts. If such tools are used, the authors must report their use transparently. In addition, authors who employ generative AI tools are solely responsible for all content produced and submitted. However, the use of AI tools to enhance the linguistic quality of a submission is considered acceptable and does not require specific disclosure.