Kotil et al. [2] reported that 44 patients with tuberculous spondylitis were managed conservatively with anti-tuberculous medication and spinal orthosis. Exclusion criteria were major motor deficit, deteriorating neurologic function, or spinal deformity greater than 30° at the affected level of spine. Forty-two patients (95.4%) were treated well without any progression of the spinal deformity. Consequently, the authors suggested indications for surgery in tuberculous spondylitis with the following conditions: 1) gross neurologic impairment and instability or deformity, 2) treatment failure, 3) neurologic deterioration, 4) paradoxical response, or 5) intolerance to anti-tuberculous medication.

Additionally, Zhang et al. [3] suggested that there was no significant difference in the outcomes between the anti-tuberculous medication plus surgery and the medication alone, in a meta-analysis. However, there have been only two randomized controlled trials (331 patients) which were conducted in the 1970s and 1980s. Thus, a large, well-conducted, randomized controlled trial is needed to conclude the indications for surgery in tuberculous spondylitis.

Therefore, conservative treatment including anti-tuberculous medication and rigid thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) was chosen for the patient.