Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
Corresponding author: Sang Yoon Lee Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea. Tel: +82-2-870-2673, Fax: +82-2 831-0714, E-mail: lsy126@snu.ac.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Handgrip strength (HGS) is a simple and reliable measurement of maximum voluntary muscle strength. It is an important tool for diagnosing sarcopenia and is widely used as a single indicator to represent overall muscle strength [1-4]. HGS can predict not only muscle mass and physical activity [5], but also the incidence of chronic diseases, nutritional status, quality of life, independence of daily life, length of hospital stay, and even mortality [6-9].
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) recommended HGS as one of the axes for diagnosing sarcopenia [1,2]. HGS measurement is also the first step in the diagnosis of sarcopenia; according to the algorithm for sarcopenia detection from the EWGSOP-2, if a subject’s HGS is normal, no further screening test is necessary [2].
HGS varies according to age, sex, and race [10]. In Asians, the AWGS first proposed a low HGS to be <26 kg in men and <18 kg women or the lower 20th percentile of the HGS of the study population before outcome-based data are available [11]. An update from the AWGS in 2016 suggested that previous consensus cutoff points might require further modifications [1], and the AWGS recently suggested a low HGS of <28.0 kg for men and <17.7 kg for women with pooled datasets from various countries in Asia [12].
HGS is correlated with several medical diseases, including chronic anemia [13], dyslipidemia [14], hypertension [15], metabolic syndrome [16], and chronic kidney disease [17]. It is also associated with dietary intake [18] and dietary patterns [19]. Among micronutrients, vitamin D and HGS have been widely investigated, and low HGS is associated with vitamin D deficiency [20]. The serum 25(OH)D concentration is also significantly related to HGS [21]. These results are sufficiently predictable given the effect of vitamin D on muscle physiology. Vitamin D plays a major role in protein synthesis through vitamin D receptors in muscles, improving muscle strength and physical function [22]. Interestingly, one study reported that serum vitamin D levels were associated with HGS but not with muscle mass [23]. Thus, we conclude that HGS has a greater influence on muscle function than muscle mass.
Recent studies have shown that vitamin E is associated with muscle aging and regeneration. Vitamin E has been studied as an anti-aging agent mainly because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects [24]. However, in addition to these effects, vitamin E has been shown to induce myoblast proliferation and increase muscle mass [25]. Furthermore, vitamin E can reduce muscle damage, enhance recovery from exercise, and prevent muscle atrophy [26]. Since most of these studies were conducted as preclinical studies or basic experiments, clinical studies are indispensable.
A study on the correlation between serum vitamin E levels and HGS published in this issue of the Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine is considered the first attempt on this topic and is a very remarkable study [27]. The authors analyzed the correlation between vitamin E levels and HGS in 1,814 adults by multiple logistic regression using data from the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). The analysis revealed that young men with higher serum vitamin E levels had higher HGS. Although the results of the study have various limitations, they are expected to be a good reference for further studies as they were obtained from a large number of human subjects.
As in a large-scale study, HGS is the simplest and most accurate indicator that can reflect an individual’s muscle strength status. Therefore, HGS has been continuously used as a biomarker of current status [28]. In addition, HGS has been identified as an indicator that can predict an individual’s future health status, even mortality; a few meta-analyses have supported the association of weak HGS with all-cause mortality in the general population [29,30] and calculated a pooled hazard ratio of 1.16 per 5 kg reduction in HGS. In addition, it is a potential predictor of cardiovascular [31] and cancer [32] mortality.
Based on this evidence, HGS is now irreplaceable as an indicator of muscle function. Thus, HGS measurement should be strongly recommended as a routine test in hospital practice and community healthcare and not only in the research field.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. 2019R1C1C100632).
REFERENCES
1. Chen LK, Lee WJ, Peng LN, Liu LK, Arai H, Akishita M, et al. Recent advances in sarcopenia research in Asia: 2016 update from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016;17:767.e1-7.
2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyere O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 2019;48:16-31.
3. Wisniowska-Szurlej A, Cwirlej-Sozanska A, Woloszyn N, Sozanski B, Wilmowska-Pietruszynska A. Association between handgrip strength, mobility, leg strength, flexibility, and postural balance in older adults under long-term care facilities. Biomed Res Int 2019;2019:1042834.
5. Lauretani F, Russo CR, Bandinelli S, Bartali B, Cavazzini C, Di Iorio A, et al. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003;95:1851-60.
6. Taekema DG, Gussekloo J, Maier AB, Westendorp RG, de Craen AJ. Handgrip strength as a predictor of functional, psychological and social health: a prospective population-based study among the oldest old. Age Ageing 2010;39:331-7.
7. Kerr A, Syddall HE, Cooper C, Turner GF, Briggs RS, Sayer AA. Does admission grip strength predict length of stay in hospitalised older patients? Age Ageing 2006;35:82-4.
9. Jang A, Bae CH, Han SJ, Bae H. Association between length of stay in the intensive care unit and sarcopenia among hemiplegic stroke patients. Ann Rehabil Med 2021;45:49-56.
11. Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, et al. Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014;15:95-101.
12. AuYeung TW, Leung J, Yu R, Lee JS, Kwok T, Woo J. Decline and peripheral redistribution of fat mass in old age: a four-year prospective study in 3018 older community-living adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2018;22:847-53.
13. Gi YM, Jung B, Kim KW, Cho JH, Ha IH. Low handgrip strength is closely associated with anemia among adults: a cross-sectional study using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). PLoS One 2020;15:e0218058.
14. Kim BM, Yi YH, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Lee JG, Cho YH, et al. Association between relative handgrip strength and dyslipidemia in Korean adults: findings of the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Fam Med 2020;41:404-11.
15. Ji C, Zheng L, Zhang R, Wu Q, Zhao Y. Handgrip strength is positively related to blood pressure and hypertension risk: results from the National Health and nutrition examination survey. Lipids Health Dis 2018;17:86.
16. Hong S. Association of relative handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in Korean older adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII-1. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019;28:53-60.
18. Tak YJ, Lee JG, Yi YH, Kim YJ, Lee S, Cho BM, et al. Association of handgrip strength with dietary intake in the Korean population: findings based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1), 2016. Nutrients 2018;10:1180.
19. Kang Y, Kim J, Kim DY, Kim S, Park S, Lim H, et al. Association between dietary patterns and handgrip strength: analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2014 and 2017. Nutrients 2020;12:3048.
20. Mendoza-Garces L, Velazquez-Alva MC, Cabrer-Rosales MF, Arrieta-Cruz I, Gutierrez-Juarez R, IrigoyenCamacho ME. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with handgrip strength, nutritional status and T2DM in community-dwelling older Mexican women: a crosssectional study. Nutrients 2021;13:736.
21. Wang J, Wang X, Gu Y, Liu M, Chi VT, Zhang Q, et al. Vitamin D is related to handgrip strength in adult men aged 50 years and over: a population study from the TCLSIH cohort study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019;90:753-65.
23. Gumieiro DN, Murino Rafacho BP, Buzati Pereira BL, Cavallari KA, Tanni SE, Azevedo PS, et al. Vitamin D serum levels are associated with handgrip strength but not with muscle mass or length of hospital stay after hip fracture. Nutrition 2015;31:931-4.
25. Chung E, Mo H, Wang S, Zu Y, Elfakhani M, Rios SR, et al. Potential roles of vitamin E in age-related changes in skeletal muscle health. Nutr Res 2018;49:23-36.
27. Park N, Kim SA, Oh K, Kim Y, Park S, Kin JY, et al. Association Between Vitamin E and Handgrip Strength in the Korean General Population in KNHANES VII (2018). Ann Rehabil Med 2021;45:170-7.
29. Rijk JM, Roos PR, Deckx L, van den Akker M, Buntinx F. Prognostic value of handgrip strength in people aged 60 years and older: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016;16:5-20.
30. Garcia-Hermoso A, Cavero-Redondo I, Ramirez-Velez R, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Lee DC, et al. Muscular strength as a predictor of all-cause mortality in an apparently healthy population: a systematic review and metaanalysis of data from approximately 2 million men and women. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018;99:2100-2113.e5.
31. Wu Y, Wang W, Liu T, Zhang D. Association of grip strength with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer in community-dwelling populations: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017;18:551.e17-551.e35.
32. Garcia-Hermoso A, Ramirez-Velez R, Peterson MD, Lobelo F, Cavero-Redondo I, Correa-Bautista JE, et al. Handgrip and knee extension strength as predictors of cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018;28:1852-8.
Comparative analysis of physical performance tests to establish sarcopenia diagnosis in Asians suffering from heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction Aulia Syavitri Dhamayanti, Ivan Triangto, Made Suariastawa Putra, Mochammad Ridwan, Samiah Rahmawati, Rahmad Rahmad, Nuretha Hevy Purwaningtyas, Yoga Waranugraha Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Lumbar Extensor Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings From SarcoSpine Cohort Dong Hyun Kim, Sohee Oh, Seungcheol Kim, Sang Yoon Lee Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.2025; 33(1): 10. CrossRef
A 10-week multicomponent outdoor exercise program improves hemodynamic parameters and physical fitness in cardiovascular disease adult and elderly patients Luca Poli, Sanja Mazić, Marco Matteo Ciccone, Stefania Cataldi, Francesco Fischetti, Gianpiero Greco Sport Sciences for Health.2025; 21(1): 239. CrossRef
Association between Cardiovascular Disease and Handgrip Strength Risk among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in India Manacy Pai, Vishal Vennu Journal of Applied Gerontology.2025; 44(8): 1289. CrossRef
Unraveling the role of muscle mass and strength in predicting type 2 diabetes risk: a systematic review Hans Putranata, Antoninus Hengky, Budhi Hartoko Acta Diabetologica.2025; 62(2): 157. CrossRef
Associations between mindfulness and non-restorative sleep: the roles of resilience and handgrip Shuhan Li, Yingting Jiang, Zhenrong Shen, Yuan Liao, Yihao Zeng, Zengjie Ye Frontiers in Psychology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of a Hypocaloric Diet Plus Resistance Training with and Without Amino Acids in Older Participants with Dynapenic Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial Valentina Muollo, Andrea Rossi, Chiara Milanese, Valentina Cavedon, Federico Schena, Anna Giani, Silvia Urbani, Gloria Mazzali, Mauro Zamboni, Elena Zoico Nutrients.2025; 17(3): 418. CrossRef
The Effects of Previous Amenorrhea on Endothelial and Vascular Function Katherine T. Williford, Emma V. Frye, Rebecca M. Kappus, Pawel Grzmil International Journal of Endocrinology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Handgrip strength as a potential indicator of aging: insights from its association with aging-related laboratory parameters Nina Kemala Sari, Stepvia Stepvia, Muhana Fawwazy Ilyas, Siti Setiati, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Ika Fitriana Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Individual and Joint Associations of Cancer Diagnosis and Handgrip Strength with Depression in European Middle-Aged and Older Adults Carlos Vasconcelos, Miguel Peralta, Adilson Marques Cancers.2025; 17(5): 754. CrossRef
Age-related differences across the adult lifespan: a comparison of six field assessments of physical function Lien Meulemans, Jolien Deboutte, Jan Seghers, Christophe Delecluse, Evelien Van Roie Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Handgrip Strength With Readmission, Mortality, and Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure Soohyung Park, Se hyun Park, Jieun Lee, You-Jung Choi, Dong Oh Kang, Eun Jin Park, Jah Yeon Choi, Seung-Young Roh, Dae-In Lee, Jin Oh Na, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Seung-Woon Rha, Chang Gyu Park, Cheol Ung Choi Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.2025; 33(5): 506. CrossRef
Hand functions in response to a designed occupational therapy program in juvenile diabetes mellitus Fatma M. Abd El Aziz, Nanees E. Mohamed, Ola A. Taha, Gehan H. El-Meniawy Fizjoterapia Polska.2025; 25(1): 306. CrossRef
The impact of preoperative handgrip strength on postoperative outcomes following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion Duy Nguyen Anh Tran, Yu-Pin Chen, Hui-En Lin, Tan Thanh Nguyen, Hoan Le Nguyen, Yi-Jie Kuo Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Milk free of A1 β-casein supports superior gains in cognition and quality of life, relative to conventional milk, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment Keming Zhang, Jianqin Sun, Mingming Han, Yingfei Diao, Yan Xia, Congqing Yang, Stephen R. Robinson The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2025; 29(7): 100579. CrossRef
High muscle-to-fat ratio predicts slow muscle strength decline in middle-aged and older adults: Longitudinal aging study of Taipei Ching-Jen Chang, Ming-Hsien Lin, Liang-Yu Chen, Sung-Hua Tseng, An-Chun Hwang, Chung-Yu Huang, Ko-Han Yen, Liang-Kung Chen, Li-Ning Peng Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.2025; 88(5): 367. CrossRef
Handgrip strength cut off value estimation in Indian older adults using LASI-1 dataset Sambaran Mondal, Sudipta Banerjee, Shankarashis Mukherjee Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.2025; 69: 171. CrossRef
Reliability and validity of Camry dynamometer for isometric hand grip strength measurement in healthy Indian adults Vrushali Panhale, Raveena Kini, Shreya Kothale Journal of Hand and Microsurgery.2025; 17(4): 100291. CrossRef
Brain natriuretic peptide and all-cause mortality in patients treated with haemodialysis Maria K Svensson, Rita Nassar, Jan Melin, Magnus Lindberg, Hans Furuland, Jenny Stenberg BMC Nephrology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in offspring conceived through assisted reproductive technologies: results from the Munich heARTerY-study Marie Kramer, Pengzhu Li, Magdalena Langer, Theresa Vilsmaier, Franziska Sciuk, Brenda Kolbinger, André Jakob, Nina Rogenhofer, Robert Dalla-Pozza, Christian Thaler, Nikolaus Alexander Haas, Felix Sebastian Oberhoffer European Journal of Pediatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle function in patients on maintenance hemodialysis R. Gulsah Dilaver, Mert Demirci, Rachelle Crescenzi, Michael Pridmore, Lale A. Ertuglu, Andrew Guide, Robert Greevy, Baback Roshanravan, T. Alp Ikizler, Jorge L. Gamboa Physiological Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of perioperative enteral nutrition on postoperative acute muscle wasting in gastric cancer: a prospective exploratory study with a historical control group Xing Zeng, Xuan Ni, Zhili Shen, Dong Yang, Yajing Gu, Ai Li, Hui Liu, Changdi Li Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Objective measurement of cancer-related fatigue D M Beeler, CM O’Higgins, B Brady, D Walsh, RB Reilly Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of Upper Limb Weakness among Drivers and Non-Drivers Fatima Mazhar, Arbab Ali Bajwa, Badar Hamza, Muhammad Faizan Ibrar, Erum Ghaffar, Rimsha Tariq, Aneeqa Aqdas Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2025; : 32. CrossRef
Associations of maximal handgrip strength and handgrip strength asymmetry with suicidal behaviors: Evidence from a nationally representative sample of Korean adults Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon Asian Journal of Psychiatry.2025; 113: 104731. CrossRef
Association between hand grip strength and mortality: The North West, South Africa Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Kelebogile Motlhamme, Herculina S Kruger, Sarah J Moss, Marlien Pieters, Matteo C Malvezzi, Daniela Schmid, Carlo La Vecchia, Cristian Ricci Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Test de force de préhension maximale chez le sujet âgé Hugo Marques de Matos, Serena Mulcahy Kinésithérapie, la Revue.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of cardiovascular responses to isometric handgrip exercise: A risk stratification tool in diabetic patients with iron-deficiency anemia Ashwini Kishan, Namratha Ashwin Ullal International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship of Physical Function, Physical Resilience, and Physical Activity Among Recently Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia Brittany F. Burch, Barbara Resnick, Shijun Zhu, Ashley Kuzmik, Elizabeth Galik, Chris L. Wells, Rachel McPherson, Marie Boltz Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Hand-grip strength in adults aged 18 to 59 years: association with exercise level, anthropometrics, and body composition Vianney Curiel-Cervantes, Luis Ramírez-Olvera, Marie Bedos, Raúl Paredes Guerrero Nutrición Hospitalaria.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A prospective, single-center longitudinal study on the operational definition of sarcopenia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty Woo-Suk Lee, Kwan Kyu Park, Hyuck Min Kwon, Jun Young Park, Tae Hyung Kim, Byung-Woo Cho European Geriatric Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Hand Anthropometric Variation with Hand Grip Strength in Young Adults Mansi Rawat, Ankita Debnath, Manish Kumar, Charu Chhabra, Harsirjan Kaur Journal of Society of Indian Physiotherapists.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Examining factors contributing to the socioeconomic inequalities in handgrip strength among older adults in India: a decomposition analysis Manacy Pai, T. Muhammad Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Ketogenic diet preserves muscle mass and strength in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes Sol Been Park, Soo Jin Yang, Salvatore V. Pizzo PLOS ONE.2024; 19(1): e0296651. CrossRef
Differential association between physical activity behaviours and dynapenia by comorbid diseases in community-dwelling Korean older adults Jae Hyeon Park, Hyung Seok Nam, Mina Park, Yeo Hyung Kim European Review of Aging and Physical Activity.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving multidisciplinary management of patients living with obesity: The evaluation of seated bioimpedance measures and relationship to functional performance following targeted intervention Elizabeth Ryan, Helen MacLaughlin, Robin Hay, Andrea Cawte, Leonie Naumann, Gemma Woodruff, Michelle Cottrell, Peter Window Clinical Obesity.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Longitudinal association of grip strength with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in older urban Lithuanian population Lolita Sileikiene, Abdonas Tamosiunas, Dalia Luksiene, Ricardas Radisauskas, Daina Kranciukaite-Butylkiniene, Martin Bobak BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between handgrip strength and physical activity: A nationwide population‐based study in Korea Hye Young Shin, Ka Young Kim, Purum Kang Public Health Nursing.2024; 41(5): 987. CrossRef
Sarcopenia and frailty among the elderly population in the community: An observational study Nalina Gupta, Palani G. Kumar, Divya J. Patel Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2024; 13(8): 2964. CrossRef
Multicomponent versus aerobic exercise intervention: Effects on hemodynamic, physical fitness and quality of life in adult and elderly cardiovascular disease patients: A randomized controlled study Luca Poli, Gianpiero Greco, Stefania Cataldi, Marco Matteo Ciccone, Annamaria De Giosa, Francesco Fischetti Heliyon.2024; 10(16): e36200. CrossRef
The Association between Anthropometric Measurements and Body Composition with Hand Grip Strength among the Elderly Population in Indonesia Nina Kemala Sari, Stepvia Stepvia, Muhana Fawwazy Ilyas Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(16): 4697. CrossRef
Investigation of hand index, digit finger ratio (2D:4D), and grip strength among court sports Md. Hamidur Rahman, J.P. Sharma Anthropological Review.2024; 87(3): 33. CrossRef
Effects of Heat Exposure and Ice Slurry Ingestion on Risk-Taking Behavior in Healthcare Workers SHARIFAH BADRIYAH ALHADAD, R PONAMPALAM, LOUISA SI XIAN LIM, IVAN CHERH CHIET LOW, RAHALKAR KSHITIJ, AZIZ BIN ABDUL KARIM, ZAMSHEK BIN SALAMOON, YOGARAJAH S/O MARIMUTHU, JASON KAI WEI LEE Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.2024; 56(10): 2016. CrossRef
A 43 year old male with Jaundice Ritik Agrawal International Journal of Nutrition and Lifestyle.2024; 4(2): 114. CrossRef
An Adapted Physical Activity Program for Adolescents with an Intellectual Disability: An International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Perspective Xin Shen, Peiying Huang, Bing Nie, Maolin Su, Dan Liu, Yin Guo, Lan Zheng Life.2024; 14(10): 1314. CrossRef
Excess Body Mass Exacerbates the Association Between Poor Physical Function and Frailty in Older Community Dwelling Adults Mahta Hayati, Parvaneh Nazarali, Mahta Sardroodian, Hunter Bennett, Mahdi Hosseinzadeh INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlación entre marcadores inflamatorios con función física y composición corporal en adultos mayores de la comunidad: estudio transversal. Cristián Barros-Osorio, Walter Sepulveda loyola, Ignacio Astudillo, Jennifer Campos-Aguayo, Juan José Valenzuela- Fuenzalida, Vanessa Suziane Probst Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the Potential of Hand Grip Strength as an Indicator of
Spinal Muscle Size Salman S Alharthi, Jonathan Fulford, Judith R Meakin Sports Medicine International Open.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Changes in Body Mass Index on the Risk of Back Pain: Estimating the Impacts of Weight Gain and Loss Takaaki Ikeda, Upul Cooray, Yuta Suzuki, Anna Kinugawa, Masayasu Murakami, Ken Osaka, Lewis A Lipsitz The Journals of Gerontology: Series A.2023; 78(6): 973. CrossRef
High grip strength attenuates risk of severe COVID-19 in males but not females with obesity: A short communication of prospective findings from UK Biobank Malik Hamrouni, Matthew J. Roberts, Nicolette C. Bishop Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2023; 17(1): 82. CrossRef
Phase Angle and Handgrip Strength as Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Androniki Papaemmanouil, Dimitra Bakaloudi, Konstantina Gkantali, Georgios Kalopitas, Simeon Metallidis, Georgios Germanidis, Michael Chourdakis Nutrients.2023; 15(6): 1409. CrossRef
Distinct contributions of muscle mass and strength stratified by nutritional status to physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Takahiro Kawai, Kazuhisa Asai, Atsushi Miyamoto, Kazuhiro Yamada, Yuichiro Furukawa, Erika Toyokura, Misako Nishimura, Kanako Sato, Tetsuya Watanabe, Tomoya Kawaguchi Respiratory Investigation.2023; 61(4): 389. CrossRef
Effects of a Single Session of Systemic Vibratory Therapy on Flexibility, Perception of Exertion and Handgrip Strength in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Individuals: A Quasi-Experimental Clinical Trial Eliane de Oliveira Guedes-Aguiar, Redha Taiar, Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos, Bruno Bessa Monteiro-Oliveira, Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo, Mario Bernardo-Filho Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3241. CrossRef
Feasibility and tolerability of moderate intensity regular physical exercise as treatment for core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized pilot study L. A. Svedell, K. L. Holmqvist, M. A. Lindvall, Y. Cao, M. Msghina Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Combined exercise and nutrition intervention for older women with spinal sarcopenia: an open-label single-arm trial Seungcheol Kim, Jinhee Park, Dong Hyun Kim, Jiyu Sun, Sang Yoon Lee BMC Geriatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Lactobacillus rhamnosus JY02 Ameliorates Sarcopenia by Anti-Atrophic Effects in a Dexamethasone-Induced Cellular and Murine Model Juyeon Lee, Minkyoung Kang, Jiseon Yoo, Sujeong Lee, Minji Kang, Bohyun Yun, Jong Nam Kim, Hyoungsun Moon, Yihyung Chung, Sangnam Oh Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(7): 915. CrossRef
Deep-learning model for predicting physical fitness in possible sarcopenia: analysis of the Korean physical fitness award from 2010 to 2023 Jun-Hyun Bae, Ji-won Seo, Dae Young Kim Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Intradialytic Cognitive and Physical Training Program on the Physical and Cognitive Abilities in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial Aljaž Kren, Špela Bogataj Brain Sciences.2023; 13(8): 1228. CrossRef
Multiparametric Evaluation of Geriatric Patients Admitted to Intermediate Care: Impact on Geriatric Rehabilitation Giuseppe Murdaca, Sara Banchero, Marco Casciaro, Francesca Paladin, Michele Tafuro, Fiammetta Monacelli, Alessio Nencioni, Roberta Bruschetta, Giovanni Pioggia, Gennaro Tartarisco, Sebastiano Gangemi Diagnostics.2023; 13(18): 2906. CrossRef
START – physical exercise and person-centred cognitive skills training as treatment for adult ADHD: protocol for a randomized controlled trial Mialinn Arvidsson Lindvall, Kajsa Lidström Holmqvist, Lena Axelsson Svedell, Anna Philipson, Yang Cao, Mussie Msghina BMC Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
High resting energy expenditure, less fat-free mass, and less muscle strength in HIV-infected children: a matched, cross-sectional study Andrea Franco-Oliva, Beatriz Adriana Pinzón-Navarro, Martha C. Martínez-Soto-Holguín, Ximena León-Lara, Javier Ordoñez-Ortega, Ana Laura Pardo-Gutiérrez, Martha Guevara-Cruz, Azalia Avila-Nava, Alda Daniela García-Guzmán, Laura Guevara-Pedraza, Isabel Med Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving Strength and Fatigue Resistance in Post-Polio Syndrome Individuals with REAC Neurobiological Treatments Monalisa Pereira Motta, Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira, Jeyce Adrielly André Nogueira, Alcione Aparecida Vieira de Souza Moscardi, Claudete Munhoz Teixeira, Vanessa Manchim Favaro, Amanda Orasmo Simcsik, Salete Conde, Maria Clara Patrizi, Chiara Rinaldi, Vani Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(11): 1536. CrossRef
Associations between grip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular risk and mental health in forcibly displaced people from a Greek refugee camp Markus Gerber, Konstantinia Filippou, Florian Knappe, Ioannis D. Morres, Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis, Elsa Havas, Harald Seelig, Flora Colledge, Sebastian Ludyga, Marianne Meier, Yannis Theodorakis, Roland von Känel, Uwe Pühse, Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Handgrip strength, physical activity, and body composition in young adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis M. Kulyk, M. Dzhus PAIN, JOINTS, SPINE.2023; 13(2): 101. CrossRef
Effectiveness and clinical application of multidisciplinary combined exercise and nutrition intervention for sarcopenic older adults with metabolic syndrome: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial Sang Yoon Lee, Jaewon Beom, Jun Hwan Choi, Hak Chul Jang, EunYoung Kim, Keewon Kim, Miji Kim, Ga Yang Shim, Chang Won Won, Jae-Young Lim BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e070252. CrossRef
Targeted proteomics of appendicular skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength in black South Africans: a cross-sectional study Siphiwe N. Dlamini, Shane A. Norris, Amy E. Mendham, Asanda Mtintsilana, Kate A. Ward, Tommy Olsson, Julia H. Goedecke, Lisa K. Micklesfield Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Natural aging course of lumbar extensor muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older women: a 1-year prospective observational study Dong Hyun Kim, Jinhee Park, Chang Won Lee, Sang Yoon Lee Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2022; 34(9): 2099. CrossRef
Reference Values of Absolute and Relative Handgrip Strength in Chilean Schoolchildren with Intellectual Disabilities Claudio Farías-Valenzuela, Paloma Ferrero-Hernández, Gerson Ferrari, Sebastián Espoz-Lazo, Antonio Castillo-Paredes, Sebastián Álvarez-Arangua, Pedro Valdivia-Moral Children.2022; 9(12): 1912. CrossRef
Effectiveness of an adapted physical activity intervention on health-related physical fitness in adolescents with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial Yan Sun, Siyue Yu, Aiwei Wang, Hardaway Chun-Kwan Chan, Alison Xiaoting Ou, Dexing Zhang, Yaojie Xie, Shirley S. M. Fong, Yang Gao Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
