Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious complication of ovulation induction agents used for patients with ovulatory dysfunction. It's pathogenesis is uncertain, although increased capillary permeability with extravasation of fluid into the abdominal cavity is most likely suggested. Early features of the syndrome include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ascites, pleural effusion, and ovarian enlargement. In severe cases, increased viscosity with hemoconcentration, hypovolemia, oliguria, coagulopathy, and thromboembolism may appear, and eventually develop to cerebral infarct. We experienced a case of cerebral infarct caused by OHSS with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome after using an ovulation induction agent, and we present this rare case with the review of literature. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2002; 26: 347-351)