Warning: fopen(/home/virtual/arm/journal/upload/ip_log/ip_log_2025-04.txt): failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 95 Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 96 Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022
  • KARM
  • Contact us
  • E-Submission

Ann Rehabil Med : Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

OPEN ACCESS
mobile search button mobile menu button
Search
Advanced Search
ABOUT
ARTICLE TYPES
BROWSE ARTICLES
AUTHOR INFORMATION

Articles

Page Path

Review Article

Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022

Joon-Ho Shin, MD, PhDorcid
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 2022;46(2):53-59.
Published online: April 30, 2022

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, Korea

Corresponding author: Joon-Ho Shin Department of Neurorehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, 58, Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01022, Korea. Tel: +82-2-901-1884, Fax: +82-2-901-1590, E-mail: asfreelyas@gmail.com
• Received: March 15, 2022   • Revised: March 31, 2022   • Accepted: April 5, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

  • 15,599 Views
  • 298 Download
  • 98 Web of Science
  • 111 Crossref
  • 112 Scopus
prev next

Full Article

Download PDF Download PDF
  • This dementia epidemiology fact sheet 2022 is aimed at providing an overview of the epidemiology of dementia in Korea using representative government-led data. This review summarizes the prevalence and incidence of this condition using various types of data. The prevalence and incidence of dementia have increased and are predicted to continue to do so. This information will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention.
  • Keywords: Dementia, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Incidence
Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the deterioration of cognitive function beyond that expected as a result of biological aging. It manifests as a disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions including learning and memory, complex attention, executive function, language, motor perception, and social cognition, which affect one’s ability to perform everyday activities independently [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of individuals with dementia worldwide is approximately 55 million, with this number expected to reach approximately 78 million by 2030 and 139 million by 2050 [2]. The global financial burden of dementia was estimated to be US$ 1.3 trillion in 2019 and may rise to US$ 2.8 trillion by 2030.
These trends seem to be more pronounced in Korea, a country experiencing rapid aging of its population; the number of people aged 65 and older reached 8.53 million in 2021 and is expected to exceed 12.98 million by 2030, and 19 million (accounting for 39.8% of the older adult population) by 2050 [3]. These projected population figures suggest that dementia will become an increasingly significant challenge. Dementia has a profound impact at both individual and societal levels, such that the estimated health-economic cost per capita for dementia in Korea was approximately US$ 6,957 in 2019 [4].
Recognizing the enormous impact of dementia in Korea, the Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine launched its first “Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet” in 2022, with a plan to update it periodically. This fact sheet provides contemporary statistics on dementia in Korea which may contribute toward future studies and policies involving dementia rehabilitation and prevention.
The most commonly referenced epidemiological statistics are disease prevalence and disease incidence. Dementia prevalence refers to the number of people with dementia at a given point in time, whereas dementia inAnnals cidence refers to the number of new cases of dementia diagnosed over a specified time period. Here, we report on the prevalence and incidence of dementia among individuals aged 65 years and older in the Korean population. Dementia prevalence in Korea varies depending on the methods and population used in a given study [5]. Thus, we prioritized the government-led, populationbased, nationwide report. The present review, therefore, quoted (1) the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK); (2) statistics from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea and the National Institute of Dementia (NID)—Korean Dementia Observatory (KDO) report and “Dementia Today” [6]; and (3) statistics from National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims data. As the incidence of dementia in Korea has rarely been reported, studies using government-led data were used to derive the following statistical values.
Prevalence from NaSDEK
The NaSDEK calculated national standardized dementia prevalence by adjusting crude prevalence according to age, sex, education, and region-applied sample weights, based on the national population census survey data obtained by Statistics Korea during the corresponding time period. It reported the estimated dementia population, standardized dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence, and standardized dementia prevalence according to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) stage. The NaSDEK also reported the estimated dementia prevalence at a specific point in time using standardized dementia prevalence at the time of publication (Table 1). The NaSDEK was compiled using data from older Korean adults who were randomly sampled from 15 administrative districts across the country [7]. The population was selected by region-based, multi-staged sample extraction, which was performed primarily in hospital settings rather than in nursing homes or nursing hospitals; therefore, the reported prevalence is likely an underestimation. Nonetheless, the methodology used in the NaSDEK was substantial enough to deem the prevalence data representative.
The NaSDEK was conducted in 2008 [8], 2012 [9], and 2016 [10], and reported the point prevalence rate of dementia, which is the prevalence of dementia at a particular point in time. While both the 2008 NaSDEK and the 2012 NaSDEK were conducted on older adults aged 65 years or older, the 2016 NaSDEK surveyed populations were aged 60 years and above. This broadening of the age criterion was done to standardize the age threshold of government-led dementia management projects. The latest survey was conducted using 5,056 participants with a two-stage design, in which the 1st stage screened for dementia using the Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) criteria [11], and the 2nd stage diagnosed dementia using clinical criteria laid out by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD-K) [12] and CDR [13]. A diagnosis of dementia was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition [14]. For the populations diagnosed with dementia, subtyping of dementia into Alzheimer dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) was performed according to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria [15], and the Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l’Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria [16]. MCI was defined according to the revised consensus criteria of the International Working Group for MCI [17].
The estimated number of patients with dementia was 703,968, which accounted for 9.95% of the cases of dementia among older adults aged 65 years and older reported in the 2016 NaSDEK. Raw data at each NaSDEK demonstrated a continuous increase in dementia prevalence. However, a recent report directly compared the 2008 and 2016 NaSDEKs using identical populations, as well as structure-based age- and sex-standardizations (based on the 2015 population structure obtained from the National Statistical Office in Korea), and concluded that the prevalence of dementia had decreased, although not significantly [7].
In 2016, the prevalence rate of dementia by subtype was 7.07% for AD, 0.83% for VD, and 1.60% for other types of dementia. From 2008 to 2016, VD prevalence demonstrated a continuous decrease, while the prevalence of AD increased; as a result, the 2016 NaSDEK reported that the AD/VD ratio measured approximately 8.5:1 among older adults. This dissociating trend in prevalence between VD and AD has been reported in previous studies. Prevalence in the Japanese population demonstrated an increase in AD and no change in VD [18]. A systematic review of dementia prevalence in Korea showed that the AD/VD ratio changed from 1.96 in the early 1990s to 4.13 in the late 2010s [5]. The review also suggested that the prevalence of severe dementia has decreased, and that of milder forms of dementia has increased.
The distribution of the severity of dementia in 2016 was as follows: 48.4% had questionable dementia (CDR 0.5), 27.6% had mild dementia (CDR 1), 21.9% had moderate dementia (CDR 2), and 2.1% had severe dementia (CDR 3) [7]. Increasing proportions of mild dementia accounted for the majority of cases, suggesting that early screening for dementia and appropriate medical care are of increasing importance. On the other hand, MCI showed inconsistent trends, which might be due to more rigorous diagnostic methods for subjective cognitive decline.
Each NaSDEK reported an estimated future prevalence prediction for the reporting year. The 2008 NaSDEK predicted a dementia prevalence of 9.08%, which was close to the actual dementia prevalence of 9.18% in 2012. However, the predicted estimated prevalence increased significantly with time, with prediction values increasing to 13.17% in 2008, 15.06% in 2012, and 16.09% in 2017. This is thought to be due to an increase in the older adult population secondary to increasing life expectancy. Considering the socioeconomic costs of dementia, effective strategies and policies for diagnosis and treatment are required at the national level.
National Institute of Dementia: KDO & “Dementia Today”
The KDO report has been published annually from 2017 to 2020 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the NID [19-22]. Every KDO presents two different numbers of dementia patients: the estimated number of dementia patients, and the actual number of patients diagnosed with dementia. First, the estimated number of patients with dementia is calculated in a similar way to that in the latest NaSDEK. In other words, the KDO of a specific year uses the NaSDEK 2016 data and population census values for a specific year. Thus, the 2017 KDO values are similar to those of the 2016 NaSDEK. Second, the number of patients with a diagnosis of dementia is obtained from patients whose hospital medical records were confirmed by the NHIS to contain one of six disease codes (F00, F01, F02, F03, G30, G31) based on the WHO’s Global Dementia Observatory. In addition, the number of patients with MCI was obtained from patients whose medical records were confirmed by the NHIS to contain the disease code F067. Both the estimated number of dementia cases and the actual number of diagnosed patients with dementia increased continuously between the 2017 KDO and the 2020 KDO. Similarly, the prevalence of MCI has displayed a consistent increase (Table 2).
There are large differences between the 2017 KDO and the remaining KDOs as a result of differences in data sources; that is, the 2017 KDO used the severity ratio from the 2016 NaSDEK, while the other KDOs used the ratio from the 2012 NaSDEK. Thus, caution is needed when comparing trends in dementia severity from one KDO to another.
“Dementia Today” reports prevalence using data obtained from the NID website (available at https://www.nid.or.kr/info/today_list.aspx). It periodically updates the number of diagnosed patients with dementia, similar to the KDO. Therefore the latest prevalence data and the number of patients with a diagnosis of dementia are reported and are representative of the population of a given year, using the standardized dementia prevalence parameters established in the 2016 NaSDEK.
We have summarized the estimated number of dementia cases and prevalences from the NaSDEK and NID. The projected values of future figures are estimated for each report (Figs. 1, 2).
Number of people with dementia according to NHIS
The NHIS is a universal, mandatory, single-payer, nationwide health insurance system that covers approximately 100% of the Korean population [23]. As previously mentioned, collected data represents patients with a dementia diagnosis code who received inpatient or outpatient treatment. Variations with regards to diagnosis code definitions, primary, and secondary diagnoses are present.
In contrast to the data reported in the KDO and “Dementia Today,” the NHIS report [24] calculated the number of dementia patients based on the number who received a KCD diagnosis code for at least one of a multitude of dementia diagnoses: dementia in Alzheimer disease (F00, F000, F001, F002, F009), Alzheimer disease (G30, G300, G301, G308, G309), vascular dementia (F01, F010, F011, F012, F013, F018, F019), alcoholic dementia (F107), frontotemporal dementia and Pick’s disease (G3100), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (G3101), dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere (F02), dementia in Pick’s disease (F020), dementia in Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (F021), dementia in Huntington’s disease (F022), dementia in Parkinsonism (F023), dementia in human immunodeficiency virus disease (F024), dementia with Lewy bodies (G3182, F028), dementia in other specified disease classified elsewhere (F028), unspecified dementia (F03), and delirium superimposed on dementia (F051). It also includes codes applicable to extended health insurance claims for severe dementia: nonfluent primary progressive aphasia (G3102), logopenic primary progressive aphasia (G3103), NEC and progressive isolated aphasia (G3104).
Table 3 shows the number of patients with dementia as both the primary and secondary diagnosis. For the purpose of comparison, Table 3 contains values from other data sources in the year. The number of people diagnosed with dementia is rapidly increasing, which is thought to be due to the increasing interest in dementia by both the medical field and the general public. In comparison to the NaSDEK and KDO, the number of patients with a primary diagnosis of dementia was lower across all years. On the other hand, the number of patients who were diagnosed with dementia as the primary or secondary diagnosis was lower in 2008 and increased significantly after 2012 compared to that from the NaSEDEK and KDO data. This suggests that the actual number of patients with dementia may be much higher than previously believed, requiring a more proactive approach for diagnosing patients with subclinical or less apparent dementia.
Another method for calculating the dementia population uses injury codes applied to special cases for the Copayment Decreasing Policy: injury codes V800 (ICD codes F001, F002, F010, F011, F012, F013, G301) and V810 (F000, F020, G300, G3100, G3101, G3102, G3103, G3014, G3182) [25]. This method produced similar results to the estimated numbers obtained using cases with a primary diagnosis code of dementia (Table 3).
There are no official reports on dementia incidence from government-led data. The incidence of AD and MCI in Korea was reported in the follow-up subpopulation of the NaSDEK 2008 [8,26]. The age-standardized incidence rate of AD and MCI per 1,000 person-years was 7.9 and 28.1, respectively, among people aged 65 years and older. Recently, Jang et al. [27] reported the incidence of dementia among individuals aged 60 years and above from 2003 to 2015 using the NHIS Senior Cohort (NHISSC), which is a research database constructed in a cohort format including the 10% of the population aged 60 and above in the National Health Information Database [28]. The incidence rate per 100,000 person-years was 140.06 in 2004, 785.10 in 2008, 1,938.58 in 2012, and 2,218.25 in 2015. This rapid increase in dementia incidence might be linked to the increasing dementia prevalence in Korea, which is in contrast to the decreasing trend of dementia observed in high-income Western countries [29].
This review shows an increasing trend in both the prevalence and incidence of dementia in Korea using representative, government-led data. This updated epidemiological data will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention. Additionally, the utilization of diverse data sources allows for a considerably broader perspective of dementia.

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

This research was supported by the Korean National Rehabilitation Research Institute grant (No. 22-C-03).
Fig. 1.
Estimated number of dementia patients in the Korean population aged 65 years and older according to the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) and National Institute of Dementia. KDO, Korean Dementia Observatory.
arm-22027f1.jpg
Fig. 2.
Prevalence of dementia in the Korean population aged 65 years and older according to the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) and National Institute of Dementia. KDO, Korean Dementia Observatory.
arm-22027f2.jpg
Table 1.
Dementia prevalence from the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) [7-9]
NaSDEK 2008 NaSDEK 2012 NaSDEK 2016
Estimated dementia population ≥65 yr 421,387 540,755 703,968
Standardized dementia prevalence (%) 8.40 9.18 9.95
Standardized AD prevalence (%) 5.94 6.54 7.07
Standardized VD prevalence (%) 2.05 1.55 0.83
Severity (%)
 Questionable (CDR 0.5) 28.80 17.40 48.40
 Mild (CDR 1) 39.20 41.40 27.60
 Moderate (CDR 2) 18.50 25.70 21.90
 Severe (CDR 3) 13.50 15.50 2.10
Estimated dementia prevalence (%)
 In 2012 9.08 - -
 In 2020 9.74 10.39 10.29
 In 2030 9.61 10.03 10.56
 In 2040 11.21 11.90 12.71
 In 2050 13.17 15.06 16.09
MCI (%) 24.08 27.82 22.25
Standardized MCI prevalence (%) 24.08 27.82 22.25

AD, Alzheimer dementia; VD, vascular dementia; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

Table 2.
Dementia prevalence from the Korea Dementia Observatory (KDO) and National Institute of Dementia website [6,18-21]
KDO 2017 KDO 2018 KDO 2019 KDO 2020 Dementia Today
Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021
Population ≥65 yr 6,781,159 7,066,201 7,389,480 7,718,616 8,134,675
Number of patients with dementia diagnosis 656,026 731,779 844,285 880,371 786,259
Number of patients with dementia diagnosis ≥65 yr 596,104 661,048 761,364 786,184 -
Estimated dementia population ≥65 yr 661,707 705,473 750,488 794,280 840,192
Estimated dementia prevalence in the year (%) 9.76 9.98 10.16 10.29 10.33
Estimated AD prevalence (%) 7.29 7.44 7.57 7.71 -
Estimated VD prevalence (%) 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.90 -
Severity (%)
 Questionable (CDR 0.5) 48.33 17.40 17.40 17.40 -
 Mild (CDR 1) 27.59 41.40 41.40 41.40 -
 Moderated (CDR 2) 21.96 25.70 25.70 25.70 -
 Severe (CDR 3) 2.12 15.50 15.50 15.50 -
Estimated dementia prevalence (%)
 In 2020 - - 10.28 10.25 -
 In 2030 - - 10.56 10.48 -
 In 2040 - - 12.71 12.62 -
 In 2050 - - 16.09 15.91 -
Number of patients with MCI diagnosis 1,521,835 1,590,702 1,668,243 1,751,988 -
MCI prevalence (%) 22.44 22.51 22.58 22.70 -

AD, Alzheimer dementia; VD, vascular dementia; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

Table 3.
Summary of dementia prevalence from different data source from 2008 to 2017 [23]
2008 2012 2016 2017
Dementia as main diagnosis from NHIS report [23] 202,319 366,229 537,414 647,638
Dementia as main or sub-diagnosis from NHIS report [23] 369,219 636,300 891,984 1,070,572
Dementia using injury code for copayment decreasing policy from NHIS report [23] - 430,784 525,168 -
Estimated dementia patient from NaSDEK [7-9] 421,387 540,755 703,968 -
Dementia as main diagnosis of 6 disease codes from KDO [19] - - - 656,026

NHIS, Korean National Health Insurance Service; NaSDEK, Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea; KDO, Korea Dementia Observatory.

  • 1. Am Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Washington, DC: Am Psychiatric Association; 2013.
  • 2. World Health Organization. Fact sheets of dementia [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization. 2021;[cited 2022 Apr 13]. Available from: https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
  • 3. Statistics Korea. 2021 Statistics on the aged [Internet]. Daejeon, Korea, Statistics Korea. 2021;[cited 2022 Apr 13]. Available from: https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/ kor_nw/1/1/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=403253
  • 4. Shon C, Yoon H. Health-economic burden of dementia in South Korea. BMC Geriatr 2021;21:549.
  • 5. Kim YJ, Han JW, So YS, Seo JY, Kim KY, Kim KW. Prevalence and trends of dementia in Korea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2014;29:903-12.
  • 6. National Institute of Dementia. Dementia today [Internet]. Seoul, Korea, National Institute of Dementia. 2022;[cited 2022 Apr 13]. Available from: https://www. nid.or.kr/info/today_list.aspx
  • 7. Kim KW, Suh SW, Kim YJ. An 8‐year comparison of dementia prevalence in Korea: results from the nationwide survey on dementia epidemiology of Korea, 2008 and 2016: epidemiology/prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of MCI and dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2020;16:e041839.
  • 8. Kim KW, Park JH, Kim MH, Kim MD, Kim BJ, Kim SK, et al. A nationwide survey on the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in South Korea. J Alzheimers Dis 2011;23:281-91.
  • 9. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2012 nationwide survey on the dementia epidemiology of Korea. Seoul, Kore: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2012. p. 83-151.
  • 10. National Institute of Dementia. 2016 nationwide survey on the dementia epidemiology of Korea [Internet]. Seoul, Korea, National Institute of Dementia. 2016;[cited 2022 Apr 13]. https://www.nid.or.kr/info/dataroom_ view.aspx?bid=182
  • 11. Han JW, Kim TH, Jhoo JH, Park JH, Kim JL, Ryu SH, et al. A normative study of the Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) and its short form(SMMSE-DS) in the Korean elderly. J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry 2010;14:27-37.
  • 12. Lee JH, Lee KU, Lee DY, Kim KW, Jhoo JH, Kim JH, et al. Development of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K): clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2002;57:P47-53.
  • 13. Morris JC. The clinical dementia rating (CDR): current version and. Young 1991;41:1588-92.
  • 14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, third edition (DSM-III). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1980.
  • 15. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-44.
  • 16. Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies: report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 1993;43:250-60.
  • 17. Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M, Jelic V, Fratiglioni L, Wahlund LO, et al. Mild cognitive impairment : beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med 2004;256:240-6.
  • 18. Ohara T, Hata J, Yoshida D, Mukai N, Nagata M, Iwaki T, et al. Trends in dementia prevalence, incidence, and survival rate in a Japanese community. Neurology 2017;88:1925-32.
  • 19. National Institute of Dementia. Korea Dementia Observatory 2020. Seoul, Korea: National Institute of Dementia; 2021.
  • 20. National Institute of Dementia. Korea Dementia Observatory 2017. Seoul, Korea: National Institute of Dementia; 2017.
  • 21. National Institute of Dementia. Korea Dementia Observatory 2018. Seoul, Korea: National Institute of Dementia; 2018.
  • 22. National Institute of Dementia. Korea Dementia Observatory 2019. Seoul, Korea: National Institute of Dementia; 2020.
  • 23. Seong SC, Kim YY, Khang YH, Park JH, Kang HJ, Lee H, et al. Data Resource Profile: The National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. Int J Epidemiol 2017;46:799-800.
  • 24. Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Analysis of medical use of dementia patients. Wonju, Korea: Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service; 2018.
  • 25. National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency. Development of a methodology for estimating financial needs related to dementia. Seoul, Korea: National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency; 2017.
  • 26. Bae JB, Kim YJ, Han JW, Kim TH, Park JH, Lee SB, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in Korean elderly. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2015;39:105-15.
  • 27. Jang JW, Park JH, Kim S, Lee SH, Lee SH, Kim YJ. Prevalence and incidence of dementia in South Korea: a nationwide analysis of the National Health Insurance Service Senior Cohort. J Clin Neurol 2021;17:249-56.
  • 28. Kim YI, Kim YY, Yoon JL, Won CW, Ha S, Cho KD, et al. Cohort Profile: National health insurance servicesenior (NHIS-senior) cohort in Korea. BMJ Open 2019;9:e024344.
  • 29. Wu YT, Beiser AS, Breteler MM, Fratiglioni L, Helmer C, Hendrie HC, et al. The changing prevalence and incidence of dementia over time - current evidence. Nat Rev Neurol 2017;13:327-39.

Figure & Data

References

    Citations

    Citations to this article as recorded by  
    • Ideal animal models according to multifaceted mechanisms and peculiarities in neurological disorders: present and challenges
      Shrawani Lamichhane, Jo-Eun Seo, Ji Hoon Jeong, Sooyeun Lee, Sangkil Lee
      Archives of Pharmacal Research.2025; 48(1): 62.     CrossRef
    • Effectiveness of a Dyadic Technology–Enhanced Home-Based Horticultural Therapy on Psychosocial Well-Being Among People With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers: Multimethods Pilot Study
      Patrick Pui Kin Kor, Justina Yat Wa Liu, Arkers Kwan Ching Wong, Alex Pak Lik Tsang, Han Zhi Tan, Daphne Sze Ki Cheung, Humphrey Kwong Wai Leung, Frances Kam Yuet Wong
      JMIR Aging.2025; 8: e66017.     CrossRef
    • Carboxylated Zn-phthalocyanine attenuates brain Aβ in AD model mouse
      Ruochen Wang, Abul Kalam Azad, Abdullah Md Sheikh, Shatera Tabassum, Yuchi Zhang, Xiaojing Zhou, Jubo Bhuiya, Fatema Binte Abdullah, Shozo Yano, Takahisa Ikeue, Atsushi Nagai
      Brain Research.2025; 1850: 149422.     CrossRef
    • Cognitive impairment and domain‐specific life satisfaction among older adults: Findings from the Korean National Longitudinal Study on Aging
      Inmyung Song, Dong‐Sook Kim
      Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2025; 25(2): 182.     CrossRef
    • Mapping amyloid beta predictors of entorhinal tau in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
      Jafar Zamani, Amirali Vahid, Bárbara Avelar‐Pereira, Elveda Gozdas, S. M. Hadi Hosseini
      Alzheimer's & Dementia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Development of coumarin-inspired bifunctional hybrids as a new class of anti-Alzheimer's agents with potent in vivo efficacy
      Atamjit Singh, Aman Sharma, Karanvir Singh, Kirandeep Kaur, Pallvi Mohana, Jignesh Prajapati, Uttam Kaur, Dweipayan Goswami, Saroj Arora, Renu Chadha, Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
      RSC Medicinal Chemistry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Multisensory Stimulation in Rehabilitation of Dementia: A Systematic Review
      Andrea Calderone, Angela Marra, Rosaria De Luca, Desirèe Latella, Francesco Corallo, Angelo Quartarone, Francesco Tomaiuolo, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
      Biomedicines.2025; 13(1): 149.     CrossRef
    • A Live Video Resiliency Dyadic Intervention for Persons With Dementia and Their Care-Partners Early After Diagnosis: Protocol for Open Pilot of Resilient Together for Dementia
      Sydney McCage, Kristin Walker, Talea Cornelius, Robert A Parker, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Brad Dickerson, Christine Ritchie, Ana-Maria Vranceanu, Sarah Bannon
      JMIR Research Protocols.2025; 14: e60382.     CrossRef
    • LiveDrive AI: A Pilot Study of a Machine Learning-Powered Diagnostic System for Real-Time, Non-Invasive Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment
      Firas Al-Hindawi, Peter Serhan, Yonas E. Geda, Francis Tsow, Teresa Wu, Erica Forzani
      Bioengineering.2025; 12(1): 86.     CrossRef
    • Interventions of cognitive impairment in older adults: A comprehensive review
      Shivani Chib, Kajal Sharma, Randhir Singh
      Aging and Health Research.2025; 5(1): 100223.     CrossRef
    • Natural disaster-induced dementia and cognitive decline: A meta-analysis and systematic review
      Jacob Thompson, Maryam Vasefi
      Social Science & Medicine.2025; 371: 117898.     CrossRef
    • A systematic review of in vivo brain insulin resistance biomarkers in humans
      Graham Reid, Brendan Sargent, Sarah Bauermeister, Amanda Adler, Ivan Koychev
      Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry.2025; 12: 100125.     CrossRef
    • Advancing Alzheimer's Therapy with Moringa oleifera: Bioactive Insights, Mechanistic Pathways, and Strategies for Efficacy and Standardization
      Nur Irlia Sofea Mohammad Zamani, Faidruz Azura Jam, Liew Jia Yi, Chua Wan Yi, Tharani Rajendran, Pearlyne Willie Wong, April Tang Yee Ying, Ummi Kalthum Azlan, Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah, Ahmed Mediani, Emelda Rosseleena Rohani
      The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Clinical Significance of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Mutations in Asian and Western Populations: A Scoping Review
      Prevathe Poniah, Aswir Abdul Rashed, Julaina Abdul Jalil, Ernie Zuraida Ali
      Genes.2025; 16(3): 345.     CrossRef
    • Class balancing diversity multimodal ensemble for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and early detection
      Arianna Francesconi, Lazzaro di Biase, Donato Cappetta, Fabio Rebecchi, Paolo Soda, Rosa Sicilia, Valerio Guarrasi
      Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics.2025; 123: 102529.     CrossRef
    • Agarwood as a neuroprotective agent: a comprehensive review of existing evidence and potential avenues for future research
      Ankur Das, Khaleda Begum, Raja Ahmed, Suraiya Akhtar, Tanisha Neog, Abhijit Sarma, Amartya Chakraborty, Sofia Banu
      Phytochemistry Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Who Dies Alone? Demographics, Underlying Diseases, and Healthcare Utilization Patterns of Lonely Death Individuals in Korea
      Haibin Bai, Jae-ryun Lee, Min Jung Kang, Young-Ho Jun, Hye Yeon Koo, Jieun Yun, Jee Hoon Sohn, Jin Yong Lee, Hyejin Lee
      Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(2): 218.     CrossRef
    • Higher dietary vitamin D intake influences brain and mental function in elderly Americans: a cross-sectional analysis
      Huizhen Chen, Xing Pang, Yinhui Huang
      Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Associations among tooth loss, denture use, and dementia in older Taiwanese adults
      Yi-Wen Chen, Chung-Yi Li, Shang-Chi Lee, Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku, Yu-Tsung Chou, Arief Hargono, Chang‑Ta Chiu, Wen-Hsuan Hou
      Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Implementation of Non-pharmacological Interventions in Dementia Care: Family Caregiver Perspective
      Sabrina D. Ross, Nadja Ziegert, Francisca S. Rodriguez
      Home Health Care Management & Practice.2024; 36(1): 20.     CrossRef
    • Myeloid cells in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Possible therapeutic targets?
      Alicia García‐Culebras, María Isabel Cuartero, Carolina Peña‐Martínez, Ana Moraga, Sandra Vázquez‐Reyes, Francisco Javier de Castro‐Millán, Marta Cortes‐Canteli, Ignacio Lizasoain, María Ángeles Moro
      British Journal of Pharmacology.2024; 181(6): 777.     CrossRef
    • Coupling of Alzheimer’s Disease Genetic Risk Factors with Viral Susceptibility and Inflammation
      Can Cao, Gaoshuang Fu, Ruodan Xu, Ning Li
      Aging and disease.2024; 15(5): 2028.     CrossRef
    • Prediction of survival of persons with advanced dementia using the advanced dementia prognostic tool: A 2-year prospective study
      Junjin Liu, Xuebing Li, Weihua Yu, Bei Liu, Wuhan Yu, Wenbo Zhang, Cheng Hu, Zhangjin Qin, Yu Chen, Yang Lü
      Geriatric Nursing.2024; 55: 64.     CrossRef
    • Potential molecular pathways of angiotensin receptor blockers in the brain toward cognitive improvement in dementia
      Varnita Karmakar, Bapi Gorain
      Drug Discovery Today.2024; 29(1): 103850.     CrossRef
    • APOE-ε4 Alleles Modify the Decline of MMSE Scores Associated With Time-Dependent PM2.5 Exposure: Findings From a Community-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study
      Po-Jen Hsiao, Chih-Da Wu, Pei-Yi Wong, Mu-Chi Chung, Yu-Wan Yang, Laing-You Wu, Kai-Yu Hsiao, Chi-Jung Chung
      The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2024; 32(9): 1080.     CrossRef
    • Neurotrophin growth factors and their receptors as promising blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: a gene expression analysis study
      Mohammad Reza Asadi, Jalal Gharesouran, Hani Sabaie, Morteza Zaboli Mahdiabadi, Seyed Amirhossein Mazhari, Mirmohsen Sharifi-Bonab, Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani, Mohammad Taheri, Arezou Sayad, Maryam Rezazadeh
      Molecular Biology Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Changes in dementia treatment patterns associated with changes in the National Policy in South Korea among patients with newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease between 2011 and 2017: results from the multicenter, retrospective CAPTAIN study
      Young Jin Kim, Ki-Youn So, Hyo Min Lee, Changtae Hahn, Seung-Hoon Song, Yong-Seok Lee, Sang Woo Kim, Heui Cheun Park, Jaehyung Ryu, Jung Seok Lee, Min Ju Kang, JinRan Kim, Yoona Lee, Jun Hong Lee
      BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • The Relationship Between Fermented Dairy Consumption with Cognitive Function Among Older US Adults: Data from the NHANES 2011–2014
      Yinlian Han, Mu Yang, Min Tian, Yang Yang, Wen Liu, Yiming Liu
      Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease.2024; 97(4): 1877.     CrossRef
    • Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract attenuates chronic scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, amyloid beta, and neurofibrillary tangles accumulation in rats
      Komal S. Patel, Abhay Dharamsi, Madhu Priya, Sanskar Jain, Vishal Mandal, Aboli Girme, Siddharth J. Modi, Lal Hingorani
      Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2024; 326: 117898.     CrossRef
    • Effect of intensity of persistent social isolation on mental health in the late middle‐aged and older population: results of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006–2020)
      Jeong Min Yang, Jae Hyun Kim, Ji Eun Hwang
      Psychogeriatrics.2024; 24(2): 391.     CrossRef
    • Loneliness, depression, and cognitive function among Iranian older adults: is gender important?
      Fatemeh Salmani, Mozhgan Moshtagh, Sara Hamdamian, Mitra Moodi, Farshad Sharifi
      Current Psychology.2024; 43(21): 19091.     CrossRef
    • Exploring the Intersection of Dementia and Myocardial Infarction: Vascular Perspectives
      Anjali Goyal, Adrianus Ekelmans, William Frishman
      Cardiology in Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Identification of IGF-1 Effects on White Adipose Tissue and Hippocampus in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice via Transcriptomic and Cellular Analysis
      Young-Kook Kim, Danbi Jo, Archana Arjunan, Yeongseo Ryu, Yeong-Hwan Lim, Seo Yoon Choi, Hee Kyung Kim, Juhyun Song
      International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(5): 2567.     CrossRef
    • Cognitive Function in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Mechanisms
      Rakesh Agarwal, Phillip J. Tully, Rajiv Mahajan
      Heart and Mind.2024; 8(2): 100.     CrossRef
    • Multifunctional Liposomes Targeting Amyloid‐β Oligomers for Early Diagnosis and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease
      Sudipta Senapati, Kuldeep Tripathi, Khadeja Awad, Shai Rahimipour
      Small.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • An exploration of how specialist dementia nurses perceive and maintain the skills and competencies that frame their specialism: A qualitative survey
      Pat Brown, Claudia Cooper, Karen Harrison Dening, Juanita Hoe, Alexandra Burton
      Heliyon.2024; 10(7): e27856.     CrossRef
    • Prioritization of genes for translation: a computational approach
      Simone C. da Silva Rosa, Amir Barzegar Behrooz, Sofia Guedes, Rui Vitorino, Saeid Ghavami
      Expert Review of Proteomics.2024; 21(4): 125.     CrossRef
    • A Multi-Modal Classification Method for Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Using Three Paradigms With Various Task Difficulties
      Sheng Chen, Chutian Zhang, Hongjun Yang, Liang Peng, Haiqun Xie, Zeping Lv, Zeng-Guang Hou
      IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.2024; 32: 1456.     CrossRef
    • Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic stratagems for Alzheimer’s disease
      Kayalvizhi Rajendran, Uma Maheswari Krishnan
      Ageing Research Reviews.2024; 97: 102309.     CrossRef
    • Interplay of age, gender, education, and heart rate in dementia among older adults in Wakiso, Uganda: a cross sectional study
      Kamada Lwere, Hakim Sendagire, Haruna Muwonge, Gumukiriza-Onoria JL, Aisha Nazziwa, Denis Buwembo, Noeline Nakasujja, Kaddumukasa Mark
      F1000Research.2024; 13: 448.     CrossRef
    • Evaluation of knowledge and attitudes regarding Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia among medical students in Palestine: A cross-sectional study
      Mohammad Abuawad, Ahmad Rjoub, Yazan Dumaidi, Motaz Daraghma, Mustafa Ghanim, Maha Rabayaa, Johnny Amer, Shahabedin Rahmatizadeh
      PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0304012.     CrossRef
    • Edaravone Dexborneol ameliorates the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway via upregulating TREM2
      Jinyang Wang, Longyuan Du, Tianyun Zhang, Yun Chu, Yue Wang, Yu Wang, Xiaoming Ji, Yunxiao Kang, Rui Cui, Guoliang Zhang, Junyan Liu, Geming Shi
      Neuropharmacology.2024; 255: 110006.     CrossRef
    • Long Objective Sleep Duration is a Marker of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Findings from the Cretan Aging Cohort
      Maria Basta, Izolde Bouloukaki, Eleni Skourti, Alexandros Zampetakis, Christina Alexopoulou, Andronikos Ganiaris, Marina Aligizaki, Ioannis Zaganas, ‘Panagiotis Simos, Alexandros Vgontzas
      Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports.2024; 8(1): 927.     CrossRef
    • Subjective Cognitive Decline Prediction on Imbalanced Data Using Data-Resampling and Cost-Sensitive Training Methods
      Yesoda Bhargava, Sandesh Kumar Shetty, Veeky Baths
      Procedia Computer Science.2024; 235: 1964.     CrossRef
    • New insights into sodium phenylbutyrate as a pharmacotherapeutic option for neurological disorders
      Daniel Juarez, Anabella Handal‐Silva, Jose Luis Morán‐Perales, Diana M Torres‐Cifuentes, Gonzalo Flores, Samuel Treviño, Albino Moreno‐Rodriguez, Jorge Guevara, Alfonso Diaz
      Synapse.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Sex-dependent effects of carbohydrate source and quantity on caspase-1 activity in the mouse central nervous system
      Rasa Valiauga, Sarah Talley, Mark Khemmani, Melline Fontes Noronha, Rocco Gogliotti, Alan J. Wolfe, Edward Campbell
      Journal of Neuroinflammation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Blood-based therapies to combat neurodegenerative diseases
      Jia Yee Lee, Mervyn Chen Xi Lim, Rhun Yian Koh, Min Tze Tsen, Soi Moi Chye
      Metabolic Brain Disease.2024; 39(5): 985.     CrossRef
    • Exploring 2-Pyrazoline derivatives as potent antidiabetic agents and cholinesterase inhibitors: Their synthesis and molecular docking studies
      Zefine Uğraş, Fatih Tok, Cansel Çakir, Kübra Tuna, Gizem Tatar-Yilmaz, Doğukan Mutlu, Yusuf Sicak, Şevki Arslan, Mehmet Öztürk, Bedia Koçyіğіt-Kaymakçioğlu
      Journal of Molecular Structure.2024; 1315: 138978.     CrossRef
    • A Comprehensive Analytical Review of Polyphenols: Evaluating Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease
      David Vicente-Zurdo, Esther Gómez-Mejía, Noelia Rosales-Conrado, María Eugenia León-González
      International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(11): 5906.     CrossRef
    • Comprehensive study on pharmacognostic, pharmacological, and toxicological features of Ficus racemosa in Alzheimer’s disease using GC–MS and molecular docking analyses
      Anu Rani, Pritam Babu Sharma, Saurabh Bhatia, Arun K Sharma
      Toxicology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Unraveling the Potential Underlying Mechanisms of Mild Behavioral Impairment: Focusing on Amyloid and Tau Pathology
      Efthalia Angelopoulou, Anastasia Bougea, Alexandros Hatzimanolis, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
      Cells.2024; 13(13): 1164.     CrossRef
    • Social Determinants of Health for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
      Pallavi Joshi, Rajesh Tampi
      Psychiatric Annals.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Connections Between Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Risk of Dementia
      Avi Stern, William H. Frishman
      Cardiology in Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Secondary Bioactive Metabolites from Foods of Plant Origin as Theravention Agents against Neurodegenerative Disorders
      Telma Marisa Gomes, Patrícia Sousa, Catarina Campos, Rosa Perestrelo, José S. Câmara
      Foods.2024; 13(14): 2289.     CrossRef
    • Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Protocols on Cognitive Performance and Brain Health in Older Adults Across Cognitive States: A Systematic Literature Review
      Ayoub Boulares, Aurélien Pichon, Corentin Faucher, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Olivier Dupuy
      Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease.2024; 101(1): 13.     CrossRef
    • Risk of dementia associated with the use of anticholinergic medications: a review of recent literature
      Hachem Ziadeh, Stephen Rhodes, David Sheyn, Adonis Hijaz
      Current Opinion in Urology.2024; 34(6): 444.     CrossRef
    • Association between glycemic status and all-cause mortality among individuals with dementia: a nationwide cohort study
      Youn Huh, Kye-Yeung Park, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yoon Jeong Cho, Hye Soon Park, Ga Eun Nam, Soo Lim
      Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Prediction of future dementia among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by integrating multimodal clinical data
      Andrew Cirincione, Kirsten Lynch, Jamie Bennett, Jeiran Choupan, Bino Varghese, Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei, Gaurav Pandey
      Heliyon.2024; 10(17): e36728.     CrossRef
    • Risk of dementia after initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in adults aged 40-69 years with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study
      Anna Shin, Bo Kyung Koo, Jun Young Lee, Eun Ha Kang
      BMJ.2024; : e079475.     CrossRef
    • Transient receptor potential channels as an emerging target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Unravelling the potential of pharmacological interventions
      Nishit Joshi, Bhupesh Vaidya, Shyam Sunder Sharma
      Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology.2024; 135(4): 375.     CrossRef
    • Toward Quantitative Neurology: Sensors to Assess Motor Deficits in Dementia
      Mehrnaz Hamedani, Stefano Caneva, Gian Luigi Mancardi, Paolo Alessandro Alì, Pietro Fiaschi, Federico Massa, Angelo Schenone, Matteo Pardini
      Journal of Alzheimer's Disease.2024; 101(4): 1083.     CrossRef
    • The role of mitochondria in cytokine and chemokine signalling during ageing
      Maria Kalykaki, Teresa Rubio-Tomás, Nektarios Tavernarakis
      Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.2024; 222: 111993.     CrossRef
    • Impact of pre-existing dementia on neurosurgical intervention and outcomes in older patients with head injury: an analysis of a nationwide trauma registry in Japan
      Keita Shibahashi, Ken Inoue, Taichi Kato, Kazuhiro Sugiyama
      Acta Neurochirurgica.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Association of level of adherence to Mediterranean diet with cognitive and dementia status in subjects with chronic diseases: a cross-sectional study
      Abeer Al Hatab, Kishore Ganana Sam, Semira Abdi Beshir, Asim Ahmed Elnour, Nadia Al Mazrouei, Khalid Awad Al-Kubaisi, Maisoun Alkaabi, Abdulla Al Amoodi, Vineetha Menon, Abuelnor Mohammed, Sami Fatehi Abdalla
      Nutritional Neuroscience.2024; 27(10): 1123.     CrossRef
    • Multimodal spatiotemporal drug assessment platform based on a microelectrode neural network chip in Alzheimer’s disease
      Fan Gao, Wei Xu, Yan Xiao, Wei Jiang, Mu Chen, Zekai Liu, Peng Zhang, Tianyi Yang, Zhiyu Qian, Keqiang Gao
      Chemical Engineering Journal.2024; 500: 157496.     CrossRef
    • Novelties on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease–Focus on Gut and Oral Microbiota Involvement
      Cristina Popescu, Constantin Munteanu, Aurelian Anghelescu, Vlad Ciobanu, Aura Spînu, Ioana Andone, Mihaela Mandu, Roxana Bistriceanu, Mihai Băilă, Ruxandra-Luciana Postoiu, Andreea-Iulia Vlădulescu-Trandafir, Sebastian Giuvara, Alin-Daniel Malaelea, Gelu
      International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(20): 11272.     CrossRef
    • The Effects of Social Interaction Intervention on Cognitive Functions Among Older Adults Without Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
      Chi-Chuan Wei, Min-Jia Hsieh, Yi-Fang Chuang, Amanda N Leggett
      Innovation in Aging.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Safety and efficacy of sodium benzoate for patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
      Mohamed Ezzat M. Mansour, Ahmed Hamdy G. Ali, Mohamed Hazem M. Ibrahim, Ahella Ismail A. Mousa, Ahmed Said Negida
      Nutritional Neuroscience.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
    • Revolutionizing Alzheimer’s Diagnosis and Management: The Dawn of Biomarker-Based Precision Medicine
      Hyuk Sung Kwon, Hyun-Jung Yu, Seong-Ho Koh
      Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders.2024; 23(4): 188.     CrossRef
    • Emerging trends in cognitive impairment and dementia among older populations in Asia: A systematic review
      Binish Islam, Tianjiao Li, Mengying Xu, Dan Yang, Hanxiao Lv, Goudja Gassara, Tasiu I Ibrahim, Bakeel A Radman, Jianwu Wang
      Journal of Global Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Identification of Vascular Genes Differentially Expressed in the Brain of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
      Kevins Jara-Medina, Luis Lillo, Constanza Lagunas, Gerardo Cabello-Guzmán, Francisco J. Valenzuela-Melgarejo
      Current Vascular Pharmacology.2024; 22(6): 404.     CrossRef
    • Development and Optimization of Deep Learning Systems for MRI Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease Monitoring
      Jolanta Podolszańska
      Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology.2024; : 56.     CrossRef
    • Neuronal viability/astrocyte activity ratio in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a biomarker of Alzheimer’s dementia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
      Shreya Jha, Edgardo Torres-Carmona, Yusuke Iwata, Clement Ma, Ariel Graff-Guerrero, Corinne E Fischer, Benoit Mulsant, Bruce G Pollock, Tarek K Rajji, Sanjeev Kumar
      Cerebral Cortex.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Isoindolinedione-Benzamide Pyridinium Derivatives for Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease
      Milad Noori, Minoo Khalili Ghomi, Navid Dastyafteh, Najmeh Oliyaei, Haleh Hamedifar, Shahrzad Javanshir, Nader Tanideh, Elahe Sattarinezhad, Fateme Sattari, Masoud Haghani, Hojjat Rahmani, Bagher Larijani, Mohammad Mahdavi, Mir H. Hajimiri, Aida Iraji
      ACS Omega.2024; 9(49): 48032.     CrossRef
    • Telehealth memory clinics in primary healthcare: real-world experiences from low-resource settings in Greece
      Eleutheria Aggeletaki, Vasileios Stamos, Eleni Konidari, Apostolos Efkarpidis, Anna Petrou, Kalliopi Savvopoulou, Evangelia Kontogianni, Konstantinos Tsimpanis, Theofanis Vorvolakos, Antonios Politis, Panagiotis Alexopoulos
      Frontiers in Dementia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition
      Ebru Akbuğa Koç, Elif Tuğçe Çil, Şükriye Çakır, Aber Ahmetoğlu, Hager Yahya, Nilgün Çınar
      Experimental Aging Research.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
    • Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease using protein/peptide co‐modified polymer nanoparticles
      Ramesha Hanumanthappa, Aravind Parthasarathy, Geetha B. Heggannavar, Kiran PC, Hemalatha Nanjaiah, Ramhari Kumbhar, Kuramkote Shivanna Devaraju
      Neuroprotection.2024; 2(4): 255.     CrossRef
    • Establishing Gold Standard Assessment for Young Onset Dementia: A Modified E‐Delphi Consensus Survey Based in Australia
      Josyane Lau, Monica Cations, Mary O'Malley, Vasileios Stamou, Jan R. Oyebode, Jacqueline H. Parkes, Janet Carter, Samantha M. Loi
      International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Dementia–At the Perilous Crossroad of Dengue

      Archives of Health Science.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
    • ANALYSIS OF DEMENTIA DIAGNOSIS PROBLEMS IN THE POLTAVA REGION
      Pavlo Kydon
      Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii.2024; (Volume 32,): 50.     CrossRef
    • Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of chickenpox on dementia
      Shan Zhou, Gaizhi Zhu, Yaqi Xu, Ran Gao, Min Zhang, Qi Zeng, Wenting Su, Renxi Wang
      Journal of Medical Virology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Harm! foul! How acute kidney injury SHReDDs patient futures
      Jessica F. Hebert, Yoshio Funahashi, Michael P. Hutchens
      Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension.2023; 32(2): 165.     CrossRef
    • Focus Group Study of Medical Stakeholders to Inform the Development of Resilient Together for Dementia: Protocol for a Postdiagnosis Live Video Dyadic Resiliency Intervention
      Sarah Bannon, Julie Brewer, Talea Cornelius, Jonathan Jackson, Robert A Parker, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Bradford Dickerson, Christine Ritchie, Ana-Maria Vranceanu
      JMIR Research Protocols.2023; 12: e45533.     CrossRef
    • Molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and their involvement in brain diseases
      Inês Costa, Daniel José Barbosa, Sofia Benfeito, Vera Silva, Daniel Chavarria, Fernanda Borges, Fernando Remião, Renata Silva
      Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2023; 244: 108373.     CrossRef
    • An Insight into Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
      Yashumati Ratan, Aishwarya Rajput, Sushmita Maleysm, Aaushi Pareek, Vivek Jain, Ashutosh Pareek, Ranjeet Kaur, Gurjit Singh
      Biomedicines.2023; 11(5): 1398.     CrossRef
    • Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: microglial signature and their relevance to disease
      Akira Sobue, Okiru Komine, Koji Yamanaka
      Inflammation and Regeneration.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • A Live Video Dyadic Resiliency Intervention to Prevent Chronic Emotional Distress Early After Dementia Diagnoses: Protocol for a Dyadic Mixed Methods Study
      Sarah Bannon, Julie Brewer, Nina Ahmad, Talea Cornelius, Jonathan Jackson, Robert A Parker, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Bradford C Dickerson, Christine Ritchie, Ana-Maria Vranceanu
      JMIR Research Protocols.2023; 12: e45532.     CrossRef
    • Cerebrospinal fluid microRNAs as potential biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease
      Ahmed Noor Eddin, Khaled Hamsho, Ghaith Adi, Mohammed Al-Rimawi, Mohammed Alfuwais, Saleha Abdul Rab, Khaled Alkattan, Ahmed Yaqinuddin
      Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • The impact of aromatherapy-based oral care on oral conditions, salivary pH, and halitosis in older adults with dementia: Pilot study
      Ae Kyung Chang, Bo kyoung Kim, Ah Young Kim
      Geriatric Nursing.2023; 53: 109.     CrossRef
    • Clinical Characteristics and Follow-up Assessment in Patients Diagnosed With Alzheimer’s Dementia Through Regional Dementia Centers and Conventional Hospital System
      Eunhwan Jeong, Dougho Park, Su Yun Lee, Haejong Kim, Heum Dai Kwon, Mun-Chul Kim, Kyung Won Park
      Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Associations of air pollution with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia: a prospective cohort study based on 437,932 participants from the UK biobank
      Shiqi Yuan, Xiaxuan Huang, Luming Zhang, Yitong Ling, Shanyuan Tan, Min Peng, Anding Xu, Jun Lyu
      Frontiers in Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Using community-based geographical information system (GIS) to recruit older Asian Americans in an Alzheimer’s disease study
      Haeok Lee, Hoehun Ha, Sejung Yim, Hyun-Sik Yang, Veronica Lee, Eunju Hong, Tiffany W Chow, Van Ta Park, Li-San Wang, Gyungah Jun, Yun-Beom Choi
      BMJ Open.2023; 13(8): e072761.     CrossRef
    • Mild Behavioral Impairment in Psychogeriatric Patients: Clinical Features and Psychopathology Severity
      Camilla Elefante, Giulio Emilio Brancati, Zahinoor Ismail, Sara Ricciardulli, Maria Francesca Beatino, Vittoria Lepri, Antonella Famà, Elisabetta Ferrari, Linda Giampietri, Filippo Baldacci, Roberto Ceravolo, Icro Maremmani, Lorenzo Lattanzi, Giulio Perug
      Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(16): 5423.     CrossRef
    • Linking traditional medicine to modern phytotherapy: Chemical characterization and assessment of antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects in vitro of a natural Persian remedy for dementia
      Gregorio Peron, Reza Moafpoorian, Marta Faggian, Nicola Realdon, Gokhan Zengin, Mohammad M. Zarshenas, Stefano Dall’Acqua
      Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis.2023; 235: 115674.     CrossRef
    • Potential role of hesperidin in lifestyle disorders: A scoping review
      Rohit Tayal, Kavita Munjal, Vinod Kumar Gauttam, Pankaj Popli, Loveleen Khurana, Neeraj Choudhary
      South African Journal of Botany.2023; 161: 542.     CrossRef
    • Awareness and Perception Toward Alzheimer’s Disease Among Residents Living in the Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
      Faisal Hakami, Mohammed Ali Madkhali, Eman Saleh, Raum Ayoub, Sarah Moafa, Akram Moafa, Bushra Alnami, Bushra Maashi, Saad Khubrani, Wafa Busayli, Abdulaziz Alhazmi
      Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Delivery of Neuroprotective Kynurenic Acid: Preparation, Characterization, and BBB Transport
      Ádám Juhász, Ditta Ungor, Norbert Varga, Gábor Katona, György T. Balogh, Edit Csapó
      International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(18): 14251.     CrossRef
    • Modeling Gasotransmitter Availability to Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells with Ultrasound-sensitive Microbubbles
      Rubens Jourdain, Venkat Keshav Chivukula, Chris A. Bashur
      Pharmaceutical Research.2023; 40(10): 2399.     CrossRef
    • A Study on the Longitudinal Relationship between Changes in Depression and Cognitive Function among Older Adults Living Alone
      Soyoung Park, Kyuhyoung Jeong, Seoyoon Lee
      Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2712.     CrossRef
    • Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Potential Role of Nose-Picking in Pathogen Entry via the Olfactory System?
      Xian Zhou, Paayal Kumar, Deep J. Bhuyan, Slade O. Jensen, Tara L. Roberts, Gerald W. Münch
      Biomolecules.2023; 13(11): 1568.     CrossRef
    • Stigmatization of patients with neurocognitive disorder
      Adriana Mihai, Horia Marchean, Rebeca-Isabela Avărvăroaei, Dan-Valeriu-Nicolae Molnar
      Psihiatru.ro.2023; 3(74): 13.     CrossRef
    • Cumulative effect of impaired fasting glucose on the risk of dementia in middle-aged and elderly people: a nationwide cohort study
      Jin Yu, Kyu-Na Lee, Hun-Sung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee
      Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • Insight into the Brain: Application of the Retinal Microvasculature as a Biomarker for Cerebrovascular Diseases through Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
      Liang Wang, Serena Shah, Cristina Nicole Llaneras, Raquel Goldhardt
      Current Ophthalmology Reports.2023; 12(1): 1.     CrossRef
    • A Case Report of a Patient with Vascular Dementia Caused by Intracerebral Hemorrhage Treated with Modified Guibi-tang
      Hye-soo Youn, Eun-chang Lee, Jung-min Son, Sun-woo Kwon, Choong-hyun Park, Yi-jae Kwon, Hyo-jeong Lee, Jung-eun Lee
      The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2023; 44(5): 1033.     CrossRef
    • Improving Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements in Aging: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Clinical Studies Investigating the Effects of Vitamins, Minerals, Antioxidants, and Other Dietary Supplements
      Mónika Fekete, Andrea Lehoczki, Stefano Tarantini, Vince Fazekas-Pongor, Tamás Csípő, Zoltán Csizmadia, János Tamás Varga
      Nutrients.2023; 15(24): 5116.     CrossRef
    • Does a Dysbiotic Oral Microbiome Trigger the Risk of Chronic Inflammatory Disease?
      Sofía Jiménez De Nunzio, Sergio Portal-Núñez, Caridad M. Arias Macías, Marta Bruna Del Cojo, Carlos Adell-Pérez, María Latorre Molina, Manuel Macías-González, Ana Adell-Pérez
      Current Treatment Options in Allergy.2023; 10(4): 364.     CrossRef
    • Cognitive Effects of Information and Communication Technology-Based Interventions in Older Individuals With Cognitive Impairments: A Systematic Review
      Min Young Chun, Yun Jeong Hong, Geon Ha Kim, Jae-Won Jang, YongSoo Shim, Jee Hyang Jeong, Seong Hye Choi
      Journal of Cognitive Intervention and Digital Health.2023; 2(2): 56.     CrossRef
    • Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease
      Monica Neațu, Anca Covaliu, Iulia Ioniță, Ana Jugurt, Eugenia Irene Davidescu, Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
      Pharmaceutics.2023; 16(1): 60.     CrossRef
    • Relationship between COVID-19 and Neurological Disorder
      Shivendra Mani Tripathi, Pratik Kumar Vishwakarma, Smriti Ojha, Sudhanshu Mishra
      Coronaviruses.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
    • The interaction between microglial dysfunction and mitochondrial impairment in Alzheimer’s disease
      Qiudan Luo, Ji Heon Noh, Jian Sima
      Aging Research.2023; 1(2): 9340020.     CrossRef
    • How Do We Know Co-Created Solutions Work Effectively within the Real World of People Living with Dementia? Learning Methodological Lessons from a Co-Creation-to-Evaluation Case Study
      Grahame Smith, Chloe Dixon, Rafaela Neiva Ganga, Daz Greenop
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14317.     CrossRef

    Download Citation

    Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

    Format:

    Include:

    Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022
    Ann Rehabil Med. 2022;46(2):53-59.   Published online April 30, 2022
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22027
    Download Citation
    Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
    Format:
    • RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
    • BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software
    Include:
    • Citation for the content below
    Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022
    Ann Rehabil Med. 2022;46(2):53-59.   Published online April 30, 2022
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22027
    Close

    Figure

    • 0
    • 1
    Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022
    Image Image
    Fig. 1. Estimated number of dementia patients in the Korean population aged 65 years and older according to the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) and National Institute of Dementia. KDO, Korean Dementia Observatory.
    Fig. 2. Prevalence of dementia in the Korean population aged 65 years and older according to the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) and National Institute of Dementia. KDO, Korean Dementia Observatory.

    Fig. 1.

    Fig. 2.

    Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022
    NaSDEK 2008 NaSDEK 2012 NaSDEK 2016
    Estimated dementia population ≥65 yr 421,387 540,755 703,968
    Standardized dementia prevalence (%) 8.40 9.18 9.95
    Standardized AD prevalence (%) 5.94 6.54 7.07
    Standardized VD prevalence (%) 2.05 1.55 0.83
    Severity (%)
     Questionable (CDR 0.5) 28.80 17.40 48.40
     Mild (CDR 1) 39.20 41.40 27.60
     Moderate (CDR 2) 18.50 25.70 21.90
     Severe (CDR 3) 13.50 15.50 2.10
    Estimated dementia prevalence (%)
     In 2012 9.08 - -
     In 2020 9.74 10.39 10.29
     In 2030 9.61 10.03 10.56
     In 2040 11.21 11.90 12.71
     In 2050 13.17 15.06 16.09
    MCI (%) 24.08 27.82 22.25
    Standardized MCI prevalence (%) 24.08 27.82 22.25
    KDO 2017 KDO 2018 KDO 2019 KDO 2020 Dementia Today
    Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021
    Population ≥65 yr 6,781,159 7,066,201 7,389,480 7,718,616 8,134,675
    Number of patients with dementia diagnosis 656,026 731,779 844,285 880,371 786,259
    Number of patients with dementia diagnosis ≥65 yr 596,104 661,048 761,364 786,184 -
    Estimated dementia population ≥65 yr 661,707 705,473 750,488 794,280 840,192
    Estimated dementia prevalence in the year (%) 9.76 9.98 10.16 10.29 10.33
    Estimated AD prevalence (%) 7.29 7.44 7.57 7.71 -
    Estimated VD prevalence (%) 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.90 -
    Severity (%)
     Questionable (CDR 0.5) 48.33 17.40 17.40 17.40 -
     Mild (CDR 1) 27.59 41.40 41.40 41.40 -
     Moderated (CDR 2) 21.96 25.70 25.70 25.70 -
     Severe (CDR 3) 2.12 15.50 15.50 15.50 -
    Estimated dementia prevalence (%)
     In 2020 - - 10.28 10.25 -
     In 2030 - - 10.56 10.48 -
     In 2040 - - 12.71 12.62 -
     In 2050 - - 16.09 15.91 -
    Number of patients with MCI diagnosis 1,521,835 1,590,702 1,668,243 1,751,988 -
    MCI prevalence (%) 22.44 22.51 22.58 22.70 -
    2008 2012 2016 2017
    Dementia as main diagnosis from NHIS report [23] 202,319 366,229 537,414 647,638
    Dementia as main or sub-diagnosis from NHIS report [23] 369,219 636,300 891,984 1,070,572
    Dementia using injury code for copayment decreasing policy from NHIS report [23] - 430,784 525,168 -
    Estimated dementia patient from NaSDEK [7-9] 421,387 540,755 703,968 -
    Dementia as main diagnosis of 6 disease codes from KDO [19] - - - 656,026
    Table 1. Dementia prevalence from the Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea (NaSDEK) [7-9]

    AD, Alzheimer dementia; VD, vascular dementia; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

    Table 2. Dementia prevalence from the Korea Dementia Observatory (KDO) and National Institute of Dementia website [6,18-21]

    AD, Alzheimer dementia; VD, vascular dementia; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

    Table 3. Summary of dementia prevalence from different data source from 2008 to 2017 [23]

    NHIS, Korean National Health Insurance Service; NaSDEK, Nationwide Survey on Dementia Epidemiology of Korea; KDO, Korea Dementia Observatory.

    Table 1.

    Table 2.

    Table 3.

    Ann Rehabil Med : Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

    ABOUT

    ARTICLE TYPES

    BROWSE ARTICLES 

    AUTHOR INFORMATION 

    © Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine.
    TOP