Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

Change of Foot Measurements with Weight Bearing by 3-D Foot Scanner.: Kim, Seongwoo , Kim, Sun Jung , Jang, Sung Ho , Choi, Ki Seob , Park, Si Bog; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2004;28(5):462-468.

Abstract
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Objective
To evaluate the influence of weight-bearing on foot shape measured by 3-D foot scanner. Method: Forty-two feet of twenty-one normal subjects were studied. The foot length, width, girth and arch parameters under non weight-bearing and weight-bearing conditions were measured by 3-D foot scanner (Nexcan^Ⱂ, K & I, Korea), analysis software (EnFOOT^Ⱂ, K & I, Korea) and 3-D foot arch measurement program. Results: The foot length, ball width, ball girth, waist girth, instep girth, short heel girth, long heel girth and length from heel point to proximal arch point significantly increased under weight-bearing condition (p＜0.01). However, vamp height, waist height, instep height, length of arch, height of arch, width of arch, length from heel point to distal arch point, maximal arch height and volume of arch were significantly decreased under 50% weight-bearing condition (p＜0.01). Conclusion: Foot parameters associated with length, width and girth increased but volume, width, length, and height of medial longitudinal arch decreased under weight bearing condition. We suggest that these findings under weight- bearing condition result from the pronation of subtalar joint and the decrement of heights of transverse and longitudinal arch heights. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2004; 28: 462-468)

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The Effects of Gait Training with Partial Weight Bearing Harness on Treadmill in Early Stroke Patients.: Song, Sun Hong , Song, U Hyeon , Yoo, Jong Yoon , Yoon, Se Jin; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2003;27(5):653-660.

Abstract
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Objective
To assess the effects of partial weight bearing (PWB) harness with comparison of traditional exercise program by gait analysis in non-ambulatory acute stroke patients.

Method: Nine patients participated with PWB harness on the treadmill, and nine patients with traditional exercise. In harness group, the gait training with 30% weight reduction was offered on treadmill, they were treated daily and gait training was done for 20 minutes. In no-harness group, traditional gait training was done by physical therapists. Variables were gait parameters assessed by VICON 370 Gait Analyzer, other function tested by Motricity Index and Functional Ambulatory Category.

Results: In linear parameter, the harness group had faster gait speed, longer stride length, and more decreased double support time compared to the no-harness group. In kinematic parameters, the maximal flexion of knee was significantly increased in harness group, but no significant differences was in hip and ankle motion. In kinetic parameters, hip flexion moment of normal side was increased in harness group at heel strike phase, knee flexion moment of normal side was decreased in harness group at heel strike phase.

Conclusion: The gait training with partial weight bearing harness was more effective in acute stroke patients than traditional therapy, and was influenced in gait pattern, functional ability.

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Effects of Asymmetrical Weight Bearing during Straight and Circular Walking in Hemiplegic Patients.: Lee, Kyoung Moo , Han, Soo Hwan , Kim, Yong Suk; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2003;27(2):173-177.

Abstract
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Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the difference of weight bearing between affected and intact feet during straight or circular walking in hemiplegic patients.

Method: 16 hemiplegic patients who could walk without assistive devices were included in this study. We used insole foot-pressure system to measure weight bearing ratio of both feet during walking. We assessed walking speed and pressure ratio during straight or circular walking at their comfortable gait speed.

Results: Pressure ratio of affected foot showed negative correlation with walking time irrespective of walking direction. Pressure ratio of affected foot and walking time during circular walking to the affected side was significantly higher and slower respectively than that to the intact side.

Conclusion: Asymmetrical weight bearing of both feet during walking is highly correlated with walking ability in hemiplegic patients and pressure ratio of affected foot may be simple and useful determinant of walking ability. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2003; 27: 173-177)

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The Changes of Foot Breadth and Ball Girth According to the Height of Shoes Heel.: Park, Ro Cheon , Chung, Jae Soon , Kim, Young Jin , Park, Si Bog; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2002;26(6):785-789.

Abstract
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Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of foot breadth and ball girth according to the height of shoes heel in the people without foot problems. Method: 480 subjects were evaluated with clinical examination, foot length, foot breadth and ball girth of right foot with and without shoes heel. The examination without shoes heel was performed without weight bearing. The examination with shoes heel was performed with weight bearing. 20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm shoes heel were used for men, respectively. 30 mm, 40 mm and 60 mm shoes heel were used for women, respectively. Results: There was significant increment in foot breadth and ball girth in the case with weight bearing, and significant increment in foot breadth and ball girth in the case of using higher shoes heel. But in women, foot breadth and ball girth using 60 mm shoes was shorter than that using 40 mm shoes. Conclusion: The breadth and the ball girth of the shoes according to the height of shoes heel should be considered to make more practical shoes. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2002; 26: 785-789)

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Weight Bearing Study Using Digital Scales in Hemiplegic Patients.: Kim, Joon Sung , Kang, Sae Yoon , Kim, Jong Kil; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2000;24(6):1055-1060.

Abstract
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the differences between weight bearing through the plegic and nonplegic lower extremities in hemiplegic patients in various standing conditions.

Method: We used digital scales to measure weight bearing among 13 hemiplegic patients when they performed comfortable standing, maximal weight shifting to each lower extremity, step standing with each foot on a step, and maximal weight shifting to each lower extremity again.

Results: 1) Patients bore significantly more weight on their nonplegic lower extremity than on their plegic one during comfortable standing (p＜0.05).

2) They bore significantly more weight on their nonplegic lower extremity than on their plegic lower extremity when maximal weight shifting was done (p＜0.01).

3) They bore very significantly more weight on the lower extremity that was not on the step during step standing regardless of whether it was plegic or nonplegic (p＜0.001).

4) When maximal weight shifting was done again, the weight bearing of plegic lower extremity was insignificantly decreased compared to that before step standing (p＞0.05) and the weight bearing of nonplegic lower extremity was insignificantly increased (p＞0.05).

Conclusion: Step standing was a very useful training method of facilitating the weight bearing in hemiplegic lower extremity.