Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

Psychological Characteristics of the Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Shipyard Work.: Jeong, Ho Joong , Kim, Chi Chan , Chung, Suk Mo , Roh, Kyung Hwan , Kim, Jin Ha , Song, Hye Ran , Kim, Ho Chan; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2004;28(3):265-269.

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Objective
This study was conducted to analyze the psychological factors which influence myofascial pain syndrome and to evaluate whether the electromyographic study on the myofascial trigger point in shipyard workers satisfied the diagnostic criteria of myofascial pain syndrome. Method: We studied 61 patients who were employed in the shipbuilding industry and diagnosed myofascial pain syndrome. We investigated them using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) and also obtained spontaneous electrical activity (SEA) by electromyographic study on myofascial trigger point.Results: Mean VAS of subjects was 5.88. On the MMPIprofile, the patients scored highest in psychopathic deviate, and then in hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria, in that order. The correlation of the VAS with results of electromyographic study and with the MMPI were not significant. In the electromyographic study, 19 patients out of 61 (31%) showed initial positive deflection on spontaneous electrical activities. Conclusion: This study suggested that considering the psychosocial aspect of myofascial pain syndrome, as well as organic aspects in hard manual labor such as shipyard work might be useful for treatment. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2004; 28: 265-269)

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Painful Hemiplegic Shoulder.: Kim, Sang Kyu , Lee, Kwang Lai , Han, Gi Seok; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 1999;23(3):622-629.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to know the usefulness of ultrasonographic evaluation of hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Method: For 20 hemiplegic patients with shoulder pain, the shoulder was evaluated by simple radiographic findings, physical examinations, visual analogue scale (VAS), manual muscle test (MMT), and finally the ultrasonographic examination to define shoulder pain nature. The ultrasonographic results were compared to the simple radiography, physical examination, VAS, and MMT.

Results: The ultrasonographic findings were variable. The positive ultrasonographic findings were 10 joint fluid collections, 3 tendinous thickenings, 4 high echogenic findings, 4 tendon surface defects, 2 tendinous gracilings, and 1 joint surface irregularity. The ultrasonographic interpretative conclusion included 6 tendon (or muscle) tears, 2 degenerative changes, 5 nonspecific simple joint fluid collections, and 7 normal shoulder joints. In comparison of ultrasonographic findings and subluxation, VAS, and fluid collection, VAS showed relatively higher correlation.

Conclusion: The ultrasonography is very useful as a non-invasive, inexpensive, painless, and rapid screening diagnostic method for the evaluation of painful hemiplegic shoulder.

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Usefulness of Manual Medicine Therapy in Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder.: Lee, Kyoung Moo , Lee, Kwang Lai , Han, Gi Seok; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2000;24(4):784-792.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of manual medicine therapy in adhesive capsulitis of shoulder.

Method: Twelve patients with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder were treated with the muscle energy technique of Greenman in manual medicine therapy. The muscle energy technique of Greenman was repeated 6 times for each subject. The therapeutic effect of manual medicine therapy was assessed by the shoulder range of motion (ROM) and visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after the treatment. Two patients took the fluoroscopic examination before and after the treatment.

Results: After the manual medicine therapy, active range of shoulder motion were increased by 30.0^o in forward flexion, by 21.2^oin abduction, by 11.2^oin external rotation, and by 18.7^oin internal rotation, respectively. The visual analogue scale was decreased after treatment. None of the subjects complained pain during treatment. The mobility of shoulder joint was improved and the rhythm of scapulohumeral joint was restored.

Conclusion: The manual medicine therapy is an effective, tolerable and noninvasive treatment method for the painful adhesive capsulitis of shoulder.

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Changes in the Visual Analogue Scale Score Following Freezing Cold Air Application in Knee Joint Pain.: Lee, Jung Gueon , Kim, Mi Jung , Park, Si Bog , Kim, Young Ho; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 1999;23(1):124-128.

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the cold air application on the subjective pain threshold of knee joint pain.

Method: We recorded the changes of the pain threshold in 60 patients before and after cold air application who complaint of knee joint pain. Patients were divided into 3 groups randomly with each 20 patients and each group received cold air application for 30 seconds, 1 minute, 3 minutes. Cold air of CRAis (Kyung-won Century, Korea) was applied to the anterior portion of the knee with a temperature of ⁣30^oC. The changes of the pain threshold was estimated by visual analogue scale.

Results: In 30 seconds treating group, VAS score was lowered 2.25±1.16 and 2.26±1.13 immediately after, and 30 minutes after cold air application, respectively (P＜0.05). In 1 minutes treating group, VAS score was lowered 1.65±2.58 and 2.41±2.59 immediately after and 30 minutes after cold air application, respectively (P＜0.05). In 3 minutes treating group, VAS score was lowered 1.94±1.80 and 2.10±2.3 immediately after and 30 minutes after cold air application, respectively (P＜0.05). The VAS score was lowered significantly after cold air application in all groups, but there's no significant correlation between change of VAS score and cold air application time. In group with initial VAS score greater than 5, the VAS score was more decreased after cold air application.

Conclusion: Cold air application for 30 seconds using CRAis machine is useful treatment method for knee joint pain.