Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

"Speed"

Original Articles

Motor Function in the Late Phase After Stroke: Stroke Survivors’ Perspective: Lina Bunketorp-Käll, Marcela Pekna, Milos Pekny, Hans Samuelsson, Christian Blomstrand, Michael Nilsson; Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(5):362-369. Published online September 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.20060

Abstract
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Objective
To examine the association between observer-assessed functional status and perceived recovery in the late phase after stroke. The study also aimed to determine whether observer-assessed functional improvements as a result of horse-riding therapy (H-RT) are related to enhanced perception of stroke recovery.
Methods
This is a descriptive correlational study using data derived from a three-armed randomized controlled trial in which 123 individuals were enrolled, among whom 43 received H-RT for 12 weeks. The measures included the Modified Motor Assessment Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, timed 10-m walk, and perceived recovery from stroke indicated by item #9 in the Stroke Impact Scale (version 2.0). Spearman rank order correlation (r_s) was used in the analyses.
Results
There were moderate to strong positive or negative correlations between all four observer-assessed motor variables and participants’ ratings of perceived late-phase stroke recovery at trial entrance, ranging from r_s=-0.49 to r_s=0.54 (p<0.001). The results of the correlational analyses of variable changes showed that, after the end of the H-RT intervention, both self-selected and fast gait speed improvement were significantly correlated with increments in self-rated stroke recovery (r_s=-0.41, p=0.01 and r_s=-0.38, p=0.02, respectively).
Conclusion
This study provided data supporting the association between individual ratings of self-perceived recovery after stroke and observer-assessed individual motor function. The results further demonstrate that enhancement in perceived stroke recovery after completing the intervention was associated with objectively measured gains in both self-selected and fast gait speed.

Citations

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Knowledge, attitude, practice and illness perception toward subarachnoid hemorrhage prevention and management among intracranial aneurysm patients
Suiling Liu, Ping Zhang, Yeqing Wu, Dan Huang, Mengqiang Yu, Mingming Zhang
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2024; 242: 108347. CrossRef
Enhanced Gait Recovery in Chronic Post-COVID-19 Stroke: The Role of Combined Physical Rehabilitation
Hunor Pál Fodor, Hunor Dávid, Attila Czont, Ildikó Miklóssy, Kálmán-Csongor Orbán, Gyöngyi Tar, Abony Fodor, Zita Kovács, Beáta Albert, Pál Salamon
Reports.2023; 6(4): 51. CrossRef
The effect of animal-assisted interventions on the course of neurological diseases: a systematic review
Veronika Mittly, Cecilia Farkas-Kirov, Ágnes Zana, Kata Szabó, Veronika Ónodi-Szabó, György Purebl
Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Clinical Effects of Comprehensive Nursing Based on Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Patients with Embolization for Intracranial Aneurysms
Jing Liu, Kunxian Zhang, Bei Wang, Qin Hu, Qing Zhang, Lei Wan, Xianpu Wang, Wenping Xiong, Min Tang
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Influence of Evidence-Based Nursing on Psychological Status, Neurological Function, and Life Quality of Patients with Acute Poststroke Depression
Yan Song, Fei Wang, Yakun Yang, Xing Liu, Chenghong Zhu, Zhongjie Shi
Disease Markers.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef

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Post-operative Physical Performance Factors Associated With Gait Speed in Patients Surgically Treated for Hip Fracture: A Cross-Sectional Study: Young Tae Jeon, Bo Ryun Kim, Eun Young Han, Kwang Woo Nam, So Young Lee, Yong Geun Park, Min Ji Suh, Jong Hyun Kim; Ann Rehabil Med 2019;43(5):570-580. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.5.570

Abstract
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Objective
To determine post-operative physical performance factors associated with gait speed in patients surgically treated for hip fracture.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from 59 patients (16 males and 43 females; mean age, 79.2±9.1 years) who underwent hip fracture surgery were enrolled. Patients completed a 10-meter walk test (10MWT) to assess gait speed. Additional physical performance tests included the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors and flexors on the operated and non-operated sides as well as of the hip abductors (all tested using air-resistance weight machines), and analysis of spatio-temporal gait parameters at about 6 weeks after hip surgery.
Results
Bivariate analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between the post-operative 10MWT and the post-operative TUG, age, swing phase duration, and gait cycle duration along with a significant negative correlation between post-operative BBS score, MVIC of the knee extensors and flexors on the operated and non-operated sides, MVIC of the hip abductors, and cadence and stance phase duration. Linear regression analyses revealed that the post-operative TUG (β=0.85, p<0.01), gait cycle duration (β=0.17, p=0.02), and osteoporosis (β=-0.18, p=0.02) were associated with the post-operative 10MWT.
Conclusion
The presence of osteoporosis, post-operative balance, and isometric muscle strength in the operated and non-operated legs were statistically associated with post-operative gait speed early after hip fracture surgery.

Citations

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Virtual reality-enhanced rehabilitation for improving musculoskeletal function and recovery after trauma
Phani Paladugu, Rahul Kumar, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Kyle Sporn
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Daily Ambulatory Function: A Prospective Study
Kevin A. Wu, Eric S. Dilbone, David N. Kugelman, Rahul K. Goel, Sean P. Ryan, Samuel S. Wellman, Michael P. Bolognesi, Thorsten M. Seyler
The Journal of Arthroplasty.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Markerless three-dimensional gait analysis in healthy older adults: test–retest reliability and measurement error
Andreia Carvalho, Jos Vanrenterghem, Sílvia Cabral, Ana Assunção, Rita Fernandes, António P. Veloso, Vera Moniz-Pereira
Journal of Biomechanics.2024; 174: 112280. CrossRef
Balancing act: Unraveling the link between muscle strength, proprioception, and stability in unilateral hip osteoarthritis
Batool Abdulelah Alkhamis, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Khalid A. Alahmari, Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Ghada Mohammed Koura, Olfat Ibrahim Ali, Debjani Mukherjee, Basant Hamdy Elrefaey, Holakoo Mohsenifar
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(2): e0298625. CrossRef
Association of Nutritional Risk With Gait Function and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adult Patients With Hip Fractures
Yasunobu Ishikawa, Takuji Adachi, Yasushi Uchiyama
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(2): 115. CrossRef
Quantified clinical measures linked to ambulation speed in hemiparesis
Mouna Ghédira, Maud Pradines, Valentina Mardale, Jean-Michel Gracies, Nicolas Bayle, Emilie Hutin
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2022; 29(6): 411. CrossRef
Minimal clinically important difference of the Berg Balance Scale score in older adults with hip fractures
Shuntaro Tamura, Kazuhiro Miyata, Sota Kobayashi, Ren Takeda, Hiroki Iwamoto
Disability and Rehabilitation.2022; 44(21): 6432. CrossRef
Mechanisms for increased systemic fracture risk after index fracture
B. Osipov, B.A. Christiansen
Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices.2021; 11: 100072. CrossRef
Impact of Bone Fracture on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance—Narrative Review
Pawel Szulc
Current Osteoporosis Reports.2020; 18(6): 633. CrossRef

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Comparison of Gait Speed and Peripheral Nerve Function Between Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With and Without Diabetes: Seung Hwan Jin, Young Sook Park, Yun Hee Park, Hyun Jung Chang, Sung Rok Kim; Ann Rehabil Med 2017;41(1):72-79. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2017.41.1.72

Abstract
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Objective

To compare overall physical function, including gait speed and peripheral nerve function, between diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and nondiabetic CKD patients and to investigate the association between gait speed and peripheral nerve function in CKD patients.

Methods

Sixty adult CKD patients (35 with and 25 without diabetes), who received maintenance hemodialysis (HD), were included in this study. Demographic data, past medical history, current medical condition and functional data—usual gait speed, vibration perception threshold for the index finger (VPT-F) and the great toe (VPT-T), activity of daily living (ADL) difficulty, and peripheral neuropathy (PN) along with the degree of its severity—were collected and compared between the two groups. Correlations between the severity of PN and the impairment of other functions were identified.

Results

Diabetic CKD patients showed significantly slower gait speed (p=0.029), impaired sensory function (VPT-F, p=0.011; VPT-T, p=0.023), and more frequent and severe PN (number of PN, p<0.001; severity of PN, p<0.001) as compared to those without diabetes. Usual gait speed had a significant negative correlation with the severity of PN (rho=−0.249, p=0.013). By contrast, VPT-F (rho=0.286, p=0.014) and VPT-T (rho=0.332, p=0.035) were positively correlated with the severity of PN. ADL difficulty was comparatively more frequent in the patients with more severe PN (p=0.031).

Conclusion

In CKD patients with maintenance HD, their gait speed, sensory functions, and peripheral nerve functions were all significantly impaired when they have diabetes, and the severity of PN was negatively correlated with their gait speed, sensory function, and ADL function. Adverse effects of diabetes impacted physical performance of CKD patients. The physical disability of those patients might be attributable to PN and its severity.

Citations

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Association of high vibration perception threshold with reduced renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes
Yongze Zhang, Biao Zheng, Yimei Li, Ximei Shen, Lingning Huang, Fengying Zhao, Sunjie Yan
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for high fall risk in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease
Cihan Heybeli, Rumeyza Kazancioglu, Lee Smith, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal
International Urology and Nephrology.2022; 54(2): 349. CrossRef
Kidney Function and Risk of Physical and Cognitive Impairment in Older Persons with Type 2 Diabetes at an Outpatient Clinic with Geriatric Assessment Implementation
Cheng-Fu Lin, Hsiu-Chen Liu, Shih-Yi Lin
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2022; Volume 15: 79. CrossRef
Gait disorders in CKD patients: muscle wasting or cognitive impairment? A cross-sectional pilot study to investigate gait signatures in Stage 1–5 CKD patients
Damiano D. Zemp, Olivier Giannini, Pierluigi Quadri, Marco Rabuffetti, Mauro Tettamanti, Eling D. de Bruin
BMC Nephrology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Walking Pace and Diabetes: Findings from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–2017
Igor Cigarroa, María José Espinoza-Sanhueza, Nicole Lasserre-Laso, Ximena Diaz-Martinez, Alex Garrido-Mendez, Carlos Matus-Castillo, María Adela Martinez-Sanguinetti, Ana Maria Leiva, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Solange Parra-Soto, Yeny Concha-Cisternas, Claud
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(15): 5341. CrossRef
Microvascular Complications of Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Longitudinal Study
Thizá Massaia Londero, Luana Seminotti Giaretta, Luisa Penso Farenzena, Roberto Ceratti Manfro, Luis Henrique Canani, Daniel Lavinsky, Cristiane Bauermann Leitão, Andrea Carla Bauer
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2019; 104(2): 557. CrossRef
Gait characteristics of CKD patients: a systematic review
Damiano D. Zemp, Olivier Giannini, Pierluigi Quadri, Eling D. de Bruin
BMC Nephrology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Potassium control in chronic kidney disease: implications for neuromuscular function
Ria Arnold, Timothy J. Pianta, Bruce A. Pussell, Zoltan Endre, Matthew C. Kiernan, Arun V. Krishnan
Internal Medicine Journal.2019; 49(7): 817. CrossRef
The Impact of Hemodialysis on Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Gait and Role of Exercise: A Systematic Review
Anuradha Sawant, Tom Overend
Healthcare.2017; 5(4): 92. CrossRef

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Effects of Stretching Exercise on the Head Speed of Golf Club and Driving Distance.: Kim, Young gene , Kim, Mi Jung , Na, Woong chil , Park, Si Bog , Jang, Seong Ho; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2007;31(6):767-771.

Abstract
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Objective
To evaluate the effects of stretching exercise on the head speed of golf club and driving distance. Method: 58 male golfers (20 professionals, 22 amateurs, 16 beginners) were included in the study. They carried out stretching exercise programs related to muscles of trunk, upper and lower extremities for 5 and 30 minutes. The head speed of golf club and driving distance were measured before and after the stretching exercise. The effects of stretching exercise programs on the head speed and driving distance were assessed. Results: The head speed increased significantly in amateur and beginner groups after 30 minutes' stretching. In professional group, the head speed increased significantly after 5 minutes' stretching, but no more increment was found after 30 minutes' stretching. Driving distance increased significantly in all groups after 5 minutes' stretching. After 30 minutes' stretching, much more increment was found compared to 5 minutes' stretching.Conclusion: Sufficient stretching exercise program before golf swing can increase the head speed of club and driving distance. We recommend stretching exercise to improve golf performance. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2007; 31: 767- 771)

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Effect of Slow Walking Speed on Gait.: Kim, Deog Young , Park, Chang il , Choi, Yong Seok , Moon, Ja Young , Lim, Jong Yub , Kim, Dug Young , Lee, Don Shin; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2007;31(3):317-323.

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate the effect of slow walking speed on the gait. Method: Twenty healthy young male subjects were recruited. The temporospatial data, kinematic and kinetic data in sagittal plane at two different walking speed (2 km/hr, 4 km/hr) were obtained through three dimensional analyzer with the force plate, and compared these parameters at slow gait speed to those at normal gait speed. Results: The cadence and step length decreased significantly and double support time increased significantly (p<0.05) at slow speed compared to at normal speed. The most peak angle of hip, knee and ankle joint decreased, maximal ankle dorsiflexion angle in stance phase increased significantly at slow speed compared to at normal speed (p＜0.05). The most maximal extension and flexion moment and power in sagittal plane decreased compared to at normal speed (p＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that only slow walking speed without any pathology may change the temporospatial, kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait, and these results may be useful to interpret the data of gait analysis in the disabled persons with slow walking speed. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2007; 31: 317-323)

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Comparison of the Hyoid Movement during the Pharyngolaryngeal Swallowing at the Healthy Young and Old Person.: Kim, Sang Jun , Lee, Kun Jai; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2006;30(5):485-490.

Abstract
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Objective
To compare the movement pattern of the hyoid during the pharyngeal swallowing between healthy young and old person through the motion analysis using the videofluoroscopic study. Method: Eight young and eight old volunteers without dysphagia were included in this study. Movement patterns of the hyoid (degree of anterior and superior displacement, the speed, trajectory and temporal speed curve of the hyoid) were analyzed through the videofluoroscopy and the motion analysis system. Results: The maximal anterior displacement and the maximal speed of the hyoid were decreased in the old group compared with the young. The trajectories of the young and old group showed asymmetrical pathway (returning pathway was different from the departing one). All groups showed two speed peaks at the temporal curve but the peaks at the old group were blunted. Conclusion: Decrease of the maximal anterior movement and the peak speed of the hyoid during the pharyngeal swallowing was found in the old group. It may be due to decrease in the contraction speed of the muscles related to the hyoid movement and elasticity of the laryngeal wall according to the aging. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2006; 30: 485-490)

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Effects of Plastic Ankle-Foot Orhtosis on Hemiplegic Ambulation.: Rah, Ueon Woo , Yang, Jung In , Lee, Il Yung , Park, Hyoung Koo , Park, Sang Il , Im, Seon Hee , Moon, Hae Won , Cho, Ja Ryong; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2001;25(5):836-841.

Abstract
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Objective: This study was performed to investigate the energy expenditure at self-selected comfortable and fast walking speeds with or without plastic ankle-foot orthosis in hemiplegic patients.

Method: Objects of this study were 10 ambulatory hemiplegic patients. To estimate oxygen consumption, we used K2 machine and measured gait speed, stride length, stride frequency, and heart rate energy expenditure index (EEI) with or without plastic ankle-foot orthosis.

Results: Stride length and gait speed of the hemiplegic patients with plastic ankle-foot orthosis significantly increased at their comfortable walking speed pattern. Oxygen consumption, oxygen cost and EEI significantly decreased in hemiplegic patients with plastic ankle-foot orthosis whether their gait speed pattern.

Conclusion: The plastic ankle-foot orthosis is useful for the hemiplegic patients to increase walking speed and to reduce energy expenditure.