Citations
Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate a sit-to-stand (STS) pattern in the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy in comparison with the normal children.
Method: Fifteen young children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and 21 normally developed children were recruited as subjects. A motion analysis system using a Motion analyzer (Vicon 370 M.A. with 6 infrared cameras) was used to examine the STS task. The changes in joint angle, moment, and power of each joints in lower limbs, total duration of STS transfer and each transitional points were assessed.
Results: Total duration of STS in patients was 2.44 sec, which was significantly prolonged in comparing with 1.10 sec in normal control. The major prolongation of STS occurred in the phase of vertical movement of center of mass (CoM). Cerebral palsied children showed more anterior pelvic tilting and hip flexion throughout STS transfer than normal control. Asymmetries in initial angle of ankle and maximal momentum of knee extension were shown in spastic diplegic children with cerebral palsy, but not in normal control. Less extension momentum and power of knee joint and more plantar flexion momentaum of ankle joint were observed in cerebral palsy in comparing with those of normal children.
Conclusion: This study showed that STS pattern in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy was quite different from that of normal children. The characteristics of STS pattern in these children was slowness of speed; mainly from slowness of vertical displacement of CoM, and more anterior
pelvic tilt, hip flexion and earlier abrupt change of knee extension. As well, the major moments required for this task in these patients occurred at hip and ankle joints instead of knee joint.
Objective: Rising from a sitting position is very common, yet essential activity in daily life. The activity to perform the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer is a prerequisite for upright mobility. The children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy have postural asymmetry and unequal development of movement patterns of the two sides, which may influence on STS pattern in these children. This study is aimed to evaluate STS pattern in cerebral palsied children with spastic hemiplegia, in comparison with the normal children.
Method: Twelve young children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy and 21 normal developed children were recruited as subjects. A motion analysis system using a Motion analyzer (Vicon 370 M.A. with 6 infrared cameras) was used to examine the STS task. The changes in joint angle, moment, and power of each joints in lower limbs, total duration of STS transfer and each transitional points were assessed.
Results: Total duration of STS and the first phase duration of forward trunk lean (from T0 to T1) was significantly prolonged in hemiplegic children (2.09 sec; 0.70 sec) in comparison with those of normal control children (1.13 sec; 0.32 sec). Maximal hip extension power and maximal knee extension moment and power were significantly decreased in plegic side (0.53 W/kg; 0.14 Nm/kg; 0.18 W/kg) than in sound side (0.79 W/kg; 0.33 Nm/kg; 0.48 W/kg) of hemiplegic children and normal control children (1.28 W/kg; 0.39 Nm/kg; 0.58 W/kg). Maximal ankle dorsiflexion was significantly increased in the sound side (27.8o) of hemiplegic children than in plegic side (22.5o) and normal control children (21.9o).
Conclusion: Characteristics through the kinematic and kinetic analysis of STS transfer was identified in spastic hemiplgic cerebral palsied children. Slowness of speed, decreased power generation of knee and hip of plegic side and asymmetric movement of joint angles in these patients were major characteristics which were distinct from normal control children. Slowness of speed of STS was thought to be mainly from prolongation of first phase.
Objective: The ability to get up from a chair is an important component in maintaining independence and a prerequisite for upright mobility for stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the sit-to-stand movement in stroke patients with that in healthy adult.
Method: Twenty-three stroke patients and thirty-seven young healthy subjects were included in this study. Subjects sat on an adjustable chair with their feet on force plates and performed the standing up movement at a self-paced, comfortable speed. The study patients were tested barefoot. The changes in joint angle, maximal moment, power, and ground reaction force in lower limb were calculated using 3 dimensional motion analyzer throughout the sit-to-stand transfer.
Results: The mean time needed was significantly longer in stroke patients than in young healthy subjects. Pelvic tilting and hip flexion angle at initial and final angle were significantly greater in stroke patients than in young healthy subjects. Maximal momentum, power and change of ground reaction force in ankle joint were significantly lower in stroke patients than in young healthy subjects. Hip external rotation angle at standing point showed significant correlation with maximal hip external rotation and slow walking speed during the comfortable walking.
Conclusion: We concluded that the analysis of sit-to-stand movement in stroke patients may provide a useful guide for gait recovery and training.
Objective: Rising from a sitting position is a very common, yet essential activity in daily life. The activity to perform the sit-to-stand (STS) transfer is a prerequisite for upright mobility. This study aims to provide fundamental data concerning the execution of the STS, and in particularly the followings: 1) how do the angles of the lower limbs change throughout the process of rising from a chair; 2) how much motion torque and power in each joint are required per kilogram of body weight to complete the STS transfer?
Method: Twenty-one children who have developed normally and could understand the command requested are involved as subjects. Their age ranged from 3 to 5 years old. Motion analysis of STS transfer were assessed with the Vicon 370 M.A (Oxford Metrics Limited, United Kingdom). The changes in joint angle, maximal moment and power in lower limb were calculated throughout the STS transfer.
Results: A series of transition points was observed in the angles of the hip, knee and ankle joints throughout the sit-to-stand movements, which was classified into five stages. The first stage is trunk and hip flexion phase; second stage, buttock take-off; third stage, ankle dorsiflexion and knee extension; forth stage, just-standing; fifth stage, stabilizing phase. The extension moment of each joint is 0.65 Nm/kg on right, 0.71 Nm/kg on left in hip, 0.41 Nm/kg on right, 0.38 Nm/kg on left in knee and 0.21 Nm/kg on right, 0.22 Nm/kg on left in ankle joint. The extension power is 0.60 watt/kg on right, 0.68 watt/kg on left in hip, 0.59 watt/kg on right, 0.50 watt/kg on left in knee and 0.15 watt/kg on right, 0.15 watt/kg on left in ankle joint.
Conclusion: A consistent pattern was observed throughout the sit-to-stand transfer and six transition points were observed in the angles of the hip, knee and ankle joints throughout the STS transfer. By these 6 points, the movement of the STS transfer was classified into 5 stages. Major changes in angle, moment, and power of each joint were observed in sagittal plane. There were no side to side difference during the STS transfer.
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