Objective
To examine back muscle activity and fatigue behavior in female patients with degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis (DTK) using high-density surface electromyography (HDSEMG) and evaluate the effects of using a soft spinal orthosis.
Methods
Seven female participants with DTK (mean age: 73.6 years) were assessed during static standing and a weighted holding task with and without a soft spinal orthosis. HDSEMG signals were obtained from the lumbar erector spinae using a 64-electrode array. Time to fatigue (TTF), spatial displacement, and directional consistency of muscle activation were analyzed using the spatial center of activity (SCoA) and circular variance (CV).
Results
Orthosis use significantly reduced the sagittal vertical axis and low back pain. TTF was significantly prolonged during the weighted holding task with the orthosis (p=0.012), indicating delayed fatigue onset. SCoA displacement was significantly reduced in both tasks (p<0.001), whereas CV analysis demonstrated improved directional consistency of muscle activation.
Conclusion
HD-SEMG revealed early fatigue onset and unstable muscle activation patterns in patients with DTK, particularly during load-bearing tasks performed without orthotic support. Orthosis used improved endurance and neuromuscular efficiency by reducing spatial and directional variability in muscle recruitment. These findings underscore the utility of HDSEMG for elucidating the neuromuscular pathophysiology of DTK and support the use of spinal orthoses as a conservative treatment approach.

Objective
To identify the asymmetric spinal stabilizing exercise (ASSE) postures that selectively activate the multifidus (Mu) relative to the erector spinae (ES) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), thereby supporting the development of curve-specific exercise programs for three-dimensional spinal deformities.
Methods
Surface electromyography recordings were obtained bilaterally from the ES and Mu muscles during ASSE postures. Signals were normalized to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The asymmetry ratio, Mu/ES ratio, and additional asymmetric contraction of the Mu were analyzed.
Results
The study included 40 patients with AIS. The Mu demonstrated greater ipsilateral activation in the side-lying posture, whereas greater contralateral activation was observed during unilateral lower extremity lifting and combined upper–lower extremity lifting in the prone posture, as well as during combined upper–lower extremity lifting in the bird-dog posture. In the prone and bird-dog postures, the Mu/ES ratio exceeded 1.0, indicating relatively stronger Mu recruitment under rotational loading. Additional asymmetric contraction of the Mu was greatest in the side-lying posture (47%), with differences<15% in all other postures.
Conclusion
ASSE induces posture-specific asymmetric activation of the paraspinal muscles in patients with AIS. Although the side-lying posture produced the largest asymmetry, this reflected increased ES activity for trunk elevation rather than true selective Mu contraction. In contrast, the prone and bird-dog postures demonstrated a greater Mu contribution relative to the ES under rotational loading. These findings suggest that ASSE can be adapted to target specific paraspinal muscle components: side lying for lateral bending and bird-dog variations to enhance rotational stability.

Objective
To compare the Hong (GH) and sustained insertion (GS) dry needling methods in patients with myofascial neck pain, this experimental study was conducted.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial included 30 participants, assigned to either the GH (n=15) or GS (n=15) group. Each group received treatment on either the right or left side, with one side receiving experimental DN and the other receiving control (sham) DN. The GS method involved a single needle insertion per myofascial trigger point for one minute, while the GH method used multiple rapid needle insertions over two minutes without needle retention. Measurements were taken before therapy, 5 minutes post-DN session (post-5min), 24 hours post-session (post-24h), and 7 days post-session (post-7d). Muscle tension (MT) and muscle stiffness (MS) were measured with a myotonometer, pressure pain threshold (PPT) with an algometer, maximum isometric strength (Fmax) with a handheld dynamometer, and transcutaneous perfusion (PU) with laser Doppler flowmetry. Power Doppler Score (PDS) and minor adverse events were also recorded.
Results
Results showed that GH led to significantly higher MT and MS values at post-24h and post-7d (p<0.001). In contrast, GS showed greater PPT and Fmax at post-5min, post-24h, and post-7d (p<0.001). Additionally, GH exhibited higher PU values at post-5min and post-7d (p<0.001), while GS showed higher PDS values at post-5min and post-24h (p<0.001).
Conclusion
The GH method resulted in less favorable outcomes in terms of MT and MS, while the GS method showed superior improvements in pain relief and functional recovery.

Citations

• Clinical impact and relevance of dry needling site location in the management of chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
  Fernando Piña-Pozo, Hermann Fricke-Comellas, Ángel Oliva Pascual-Vaca, Félix Paredes-López, Ana Isabel Hueso-Pérez, Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
  Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy.2026; 34(4): 320.     CrossRef
• Dry Needling Versus Kinesiotaping for Upper Trapezius Trigger Points: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Hira Younis, Mohammad Ali Khan, Imrana Aziz
  Healer Journal of Biomedical and Health Sciences.2026; 2(1): 8.     CrossRef
• Dry needling frequency and its effect on pain and disability in acute cervical myofascial pain: a multicenter study
  Gracjan Olaniszyn, Adrian Kużdżał, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Ana Filipa Silva, Robert Trybulski
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2026; 69(5): 102112.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate muscle tone changes over time in contralateral homonymous muscles when unilateral muscles are stimulated, using F-wave measurements, we examined whether vibratory stimulation on the contralateral homonymous muscle of the affected side may reduce spasticity, whose optimal duration remains unclear.
Methods
Vibratory stimulation was applied to the right hand of healthy adults, using parameters of 80 Hz frequency, 0.4 mm amplitude, 400 g load, and 195 seconds of duration on the abductor digiti minimi muscle. F-wave was measured in the left hand before stimulation, at seven intervals during stimulation, and immediately after.
Results
The F/M amplitude ratio decreased immediately at stimulation onset, at 30 seconds, and at 60 seconds compared to baseline. A least-squares analysis revealed a negative slope from baseline to 60 seconds (f(x)=-0.11x+1.12), while the slope became positive after 90 seconds, continuing after stimulation ended (f(x)=0.04x+0.82).
Conclusion
Unilateral vibratory stimulation may decrease excitability in the spinal anterior horn cells of the contralateral homonymous muscle for up to 75 seconds post-stimulation, suggesting a potential mechanism for spasticity management.

The effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of IMT in enhancing breathing muscle strength, pulmonary function, and quality of life (QoL) among patients with cervical SCI. A search was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases through December 2023. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Library Handbook. The meta-analysis used mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences to pool the results. The Risk of Bias 2 and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. This systematic review included five randomized controlled trials (202 participants). The results of the meta-analysis showed that IMT significantly improved maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) with MD 12.13 cmH2O (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.22 to 20.03), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) with MD 8.98 cmH2O (95% CI 6.96 to 11.00), and vital capacity (VC) with MD 0.25 L (95% CI 0.21 to 0.28). There were no significant improvements in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and QoL. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, owing to bias and heterogeneity. Our results showed that IMT may improve MIP, MEP, and VC, but not FEV1, FVC, or QoL, in patients with cervical SCI. Further large-scale studies are required to determine this effect’s optimal dosage and duration.

Citations

• Rewiring the Lung–CNS Axis After Spinal Cord Injury
  HaiRong Wu, Xiaolong Li, Wenjun Zhao, Yihan Li, Hang Zhang, Heng Yin, Xiaofeng Gu
  Journal of Inflammation Research.2026; Volume 19: 1.     CrossRef
• Effects of whole-body vibration training on sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Jaewon Beom, Jae-Young Lim, Sang Yoon Lee
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• RESPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IN SPORTS AND REHABILITATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
  Martyna Łubianka, Wiktor Słyś
  International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Electrostimulation With the Laparoscopic Implantation of Neuroprosthesis Procedure Combined With Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy on the Functional Rehabilitation of Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Quasirandomized Prospective Contro
  Wellington Contiero, Augusta Ribeiro Morgado, Victor Croos-Bezerra, Cristiano Soares Simões, João Angelo Ferres Brogin, Jean Faber, Nucelio Lemos
  Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Determinants for improving respiratory muscle training after spinal cord injury using real-world clinical data
  Gabi Mueller, Marianne Tanner, Amelie Gruber, Sabrina Alessandri, Claudio Perret, Andreas Limacher
  Spinal Cord.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the effectiveness of adding inspiratory muscle training (IMT) alongside a pulmonary rehabilitation protocol in terms of inspiratory muscle strength, lung function, and exercise capacity in burned adults.
Methods
A randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study. Fifty-two adult patients with burn injuries, more than 20 years old and at least 20% total body surface area, were assigned randomly either to the experimental or the conventional group. The participants in the experimental group were given IMT plus a pulmonary rehabilitation program; the conventional group received only a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The interventions were performed for 8 weeks. At the beginning and after 8 weeks of training, the respiratory muscles’ strength, lung function and exercise capacity were all examined.
Results
After 2 months of training, the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements than conventional group in maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, 6-minute walk test, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p<0.05).
Conclusion
An 8-week IMT program coupled with pulmonary rehabilitation increases respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary functions, and functional capacity in burn patients. IMT is a beneficial and efficient therapy that can be easily implemented for burn patients.

Citations

• The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Fatigue Among Burn Patients in Iraq
  Zahraa Fayyadh Abd Hussein Al-Amiri, Alaa Jawad Kadhim, Hadi Ahmadi Chenari, Steven L. Baumann
  Nursing Science Quarterly.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To compare the progression of muscle fibrosis of various site and its relation between cardiac deterioration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In this study aimed to examine the associations between echocardiogram-based cardiac function indices and fibrosis of the abdominal and lower extremity muscles in patients with DMD to facilitate early detection of cardiac dysfunction and identify its predictors.
Methods
Twenty-one patients with DMD patients were enrolled in the study. The association between cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis of the abdominal and lower extremity muscles was determined by analyzing the echocardiography and elastography. Non-parametric Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to examine the pairwise relationships between cardiac function and muscle elasticity.
Results
All patients were male and non-ambulant. Their mean age was 18.45±4.28 years. The strain ratios of the abdominal muscle and quadriceps muscles were significantly higher than those of the medial gastrocnemius. The strain ratio of the rectus abdominis muscle has a significant negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction. Cardiac function and valvular insufficiency were not significantly correlated with muscle strain ratio. According to the result of our study, the only skeletal muscle which showed significant correlation with cardiac dysfunction was degree abdominal muscle fibrosis.
Conclusion
The degree of fibrosis of respiratory muscles was also significantly associated with cardiac dysfunction; therefore, it can be used as a predictor of cardiac dysfunction in patients with DMD in clinical practice.

Citations

• Impact of functional status in patients with muscular dystrophy-associated cardiomyopathy on survival after heart transplantation
  Sanath Patil, Nayeem Nasher, T. Reese Macmillan, Daler Rahimov, Eugene Storozynsky, J. Eduardo Rame, Keshava Rajagopal, John W. Entwistle, Charles W. Hoopes, Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili
  Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy.2025; 23(10): 625.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate muscle strength and cardiorespiratory parameters, this study uses simple tests in older adults, including those who have and have not recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
Eighty older adults (age≥60 years old) were divided into two groups: those without previous COVID-19 (control group, n=40) and those with recovery from mild COVID-19 (recovered group, n=40). Muscle strength was assessed using a handgrip strength test and the sit-to-stand test (STS10). Cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated with a 1-minute sitto- stand (1-min STS) test and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT).
Results
Both groups had normal values for body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse oxygen saturation. The recovered group showed significant differences in handgrip strength test (24.73±6.99 vs. 22.03±4.36, p=0.041) and duration for the STS10 (25.15±6.11 vs. 33.40±7.56, p<0.001) when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the recovered group had significantly decreased repetitions of a 1-min STS (31.38±4.89 vs. 21.25±3.64, p<0.001) and increased the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (7.43±1.20 vs. 8.95±1.01, p=0.01) and leg fatigue (1.49±1.13 vs. 3.00±1.04, p=0.03) after performing a 1-min STS when compared with the control group. Moreover, the recovered group had also significantly decreased distances for the 6MWT (421.68±8.28 vs. 384.35±6.17, p<0.001) and increased the post-test RPE (7.63±1.37 vs. 12.05±1.63, p<0.001) and the post-test leg fatigue (1.71±0.88 vs. 5.28±0.91, p<0.001) compared with the control group.
Conclusion
Older adults with recovery from mild COVID-19 reported reduced muscle strength and exercise tolerance when compared with older adults without COVID-19.

This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the management of spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). A comprehensive literature search in health science databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINHAL) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (up to April 2024). Manual searching in journals and screening of the reference lists of identified studies were conducted. Two authors independently selected the studies, assessed the methodological quality, and summarized the evidence. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to the methodological, clinical, and statistical diversity of the included studies. Overall, 32 RCTs (n=1,481 participants) investigated various types of non-pharmacological interventions including: physical activity, transcranial magnetic stimulation (intermittent theta burst stimulation [iTBS], repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS]), electromagnetic therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, vibration therapy, shock wave therapy, self-management educational programs, and acupuncture. All studies scored ‘low’ on the methodological quality assessment, implying a high risk of bias. The findings suggest ‘moderate to low certainty’ evidence for physical activity programs used in isolation or combination with other interventions (pharmacological or non-pharmacological), and for iTBS/rTMS with or without adjuvant exercise therapy in improving spasticity in adults with MS. There is ‘very low certainty’ evidence supporting the use of other modalities for treating spasticity in this population. Despite a wide range of non-pharmacological interventions used for the management of spasticity in pwMS, there is a lack of conclusive evidence for many. More robust trials with larger sample sizes and longer-term follow-ups are needed to build evidence for these interventions.

Citations

• Development and validation of a practical documentation of inpatient rehabilitation goals, therapy content and outcomes for improving mobility in people with multiple sclerosis in Austria: A multicentre single-arm pragmatic clinical trial
  Andreas Wanitschek, Barbara Seebacher, Barbara Linert, Andreas Mühlbacher, Robert Hatschenberger, Nicole Kranawetter, Lisa Tischler, Monika Scarpatetti, Verena Walder, Alexandra Holzinger, Bernhard Haider, Doris Hörtenhuber, Eva Kronberger-Schaffer, Vikto
  Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.2026; 109: 107100.     CrossRef
• The effect of the EXOPULSE Mollii suit on motor functions in patients with multiple sclerosis – a randomized sham-controlled crossover trial
  Samar S Ayache, Joseph G Mattar, Alain Créange, Mohamed Abdellaoui, Mickael Zedet, Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, Hana Megherbi, Hayfa Khaled, Georges Naïm Abi Lahoud, Moussa A Chalah
  Multiple Sclerosis Journal – Experimental, Translational and Clinical.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efeito agudo do ultrassom no padrão espástico do bíceps braquial em indivíduos com distúrbios neurológicos
  João Sávio Carneiro Silva, Letícia Costa Mengoni, Gabriel Pádua da Silva, Wellington Marcelo Queixas Moreira, Oswaldo Luiz Stamato Taube, Bruno Ferreira
  RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Balancing innovation and affordability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a budget impact analysis from Saudi Arabia
  Ahmed Al-Jedai, Hajer Almudaiheem, Faisal Al-Suweidan, Mohamed al Jumah, Ahmed al-Thobaiti, Fahad Alzureiqan, Wejdan Abu Ras, Fahad M. Al-Dosari, Yaser Al Malik, Pratik Dhopte, Rita Ojeil
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of minimally invasive surgical procedures, decompression, and the pain outcomes
  Daniel Encarnación-Santos, Gennady Chmutin, Nazmin Ahmed, Egor Chmutin, Emmanuel Batista-Geraldino, Bipin Chaurasia
  Headache Medicine.2025; 16(4): 244.     CrossRef

The impact of disease-modifying therapy ranges from cure to no impact with a wide range of intermediates. In cases where the intermediate group reaches a plateau after the acquisition of some muscle strength, it is necessary to set a functional level appropriate for increased motor power and establish a long-term exercise plan to maintain it. As the disease status stabilizes and the life span increases, early nonsurgical interventions are required, such as using a standing frame to prevent joint contracture, applying a spinal brace at the early stage of scoliosis, and maintaining sitting postures that exaggerate lumbar lordosis. In cases where scoliosis and hip displacement occur and progress even after conservative managements are implemented, early referral to surgery should be considered. Oromotor activity and swallowing function are influenced not only by the effects of disease-modifying drugs, but also by post-birth experience and training. Therefore, although the feeding tube cannot be removed, it is necessary to make efforts to simulate the infant feeding development while maintaining partial oral feeding. Since the application period of non-invasive ventilators has increased, it has become more important to prevent long-term complications such as facial abrasion, skin allergy, orthodontic deformities, and maxillary flattening caused by the interface. Dual ventilator mode or interface can also be utilized.

Citations

• Immediate and Sustained Effects of Intensive Equine-Assisted Physiotherapy Based on Neuroproprioceptive “Facilitation and Inhibition” on Psychomotor Development, Clinical Functions, Quality of Life, and Molecular Biological Indicators in Children With Spi
  Katerina Marikova, Jindra Reissigova, Miloslav Vilimek, Marie Cerna, Marketa Pokorna, Kamila Rasova
  JMIR Research Protocols.2026; 15: e83266.     CrossRef
• Skeletal muscle in spinal muscular atrophy: Critical insights from pathogenesis to therapeutic strategies
  Linda Ottoboni, Chiara Panicucci, Giulia Magni, Delia Gagliardi, Michela Ripolone, Laura Napoli, Maurizio Moggio, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Claudio Bruno, Stefania Paola Corti
  Neurobiology of Disease.2026; 221: 107324.     CrossRef
• The role of rehabilitation in the development of motor skills in patients with spinal muscular atrophy 5q receiving pathogenetic therapy
  Yuliya O. Papina, Aleksandr R. Stevanovich, Evgeniya A. Melnik, Svetlana B. Artemyeva, Dmitry V. Vlodavets
  L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal.2026; 6(4): 209.     CrossRef
• The role of rehabilitation in the development of motor skills in patients with spinal muscular atrophy 5q receiving pathogenetic therapy
  Yuliya O. Papina, Aleksandr R. Stevanovich, Evgeniya A. Melnik, Svetlana B. Artemyeva, Dmitry V. Vlodavets
  L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal.2026; 6(4): 209.     CrossRef
• Persistent deficits in the motor unit following mono and dual administration of SMN up-regulators in the SmnΔ7 mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
  Inga Partlova, Laura H. Comley, Alice E. Haigh, Paloma Serena Tarodo, Lyndsay M. Murray
  Experimental Neurology.2026; 404: 115898.     CrossRef
• Short-term and long-term outcomes of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in SMA: findings from consecutive courses
  Natalia Shamantseva, Anton Novikov, Maria Maldova, Ivan Shalmiev, Margarita Bystrova, Natalia Krutikova, Tatiana Moshonkina
  Journal of Neural Engineering.2026; 23(4): 046013.     CrossRef
• Physical and Respiratory Rehabilitation in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Critical Narrative Review
  Serena Cammarano, Vincenzo Alessio Chirico, Benedetto Giardulli, Giovanna Mazzuoccolo, Carlo Ruosi, Bruno Corrado
  Applied Sciences.2025; 15(8): 4398.     CrossRef
• Treatment Guidelines and Rehabilitation in Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy
  Eleni Drakou, Sarah Wright, Leslie D. Delfiner, David Cancel
  Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America.2025; 36(3): 531.     CrossRef
• Management of Hip and Spine in Neuromuscular Disorders
  Unwana Abasi, Abigail Allen, Coral Candelario-Velazquez, Sheena Ranade, David Cancel
  Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America.2025; 36(3): 429.     CrossRef
• Multimodal Analysis of Biomarkers for SMA - Data from the First Six-Month Nusinersen Follow-Up
  Corina Sporea, Mihaela Axente, Gabriel Cristian Bejan, Andrada Mirea, Mihaela Badina
  Balneo and PRM Research Journal.2025; 16(Vol 16 No.): 883.     CrossRef
• The effect of thoracolumbosacral orthosis on scoliosis progression and chest deformity in children with type 1 spinal muscular atrophy: A randomized controlled trial
  Emre Dansuk, Ayşe Nur Tunalı Van Den Berg, Görkem Ata, Seval Kutluturk Yıkılmaz, Sedat Oktem, Taher Babaee
  PLOS One.2025; 20(9): e0323341.     CrossRef
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
  Kaitlyn Rodriguez, Mara Karamitopoulos
  Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics.2025; 35(3): 101213.     CrossRef

Objective
To assess whether performing exercises during hemodialysis reduces the risk of developing intradialytic hypotension and enhances exercise capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods
This study included patients aged ≥18 years undergoing hemodialysis. Participants performed exercises using a portable lower extremity ergometer during hemodialysis sessions for 3 weeks. Data regarding walking distance, knee strength, quality of life, fat-free mass, arterial pressure, blood pressure, heart rate, frequency of intradialytic hypotension, fatigue, and duration of hemodialysis were collected and analyzed.
Results
Significant improvements in walking distance and knee strength were observed following the implementation of exercise training during hemodialysis. Although there was no significant reduction in the frequency of intradialytic hypotension, a decreasing trend was noted. Other parameters such as quality of life and fatigue did not show significant changes.
Conclusion
Using a portable ergometer during hemodialysis improved exercise capacity and knee strength in patients with chronic kidney disease. There was a trend toward reduced intradialytic hypotension, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings.

Citations

• Resistance Training Improves Fluid Imbalance Symptoms in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Fatemeh Pourmahdigholi
  Journal of Clinical Nephrology.2026; 10(1): 008.     CrossRef
• What Is the Optimal Timing for Intradialytic Resistance Exercise? A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Ömer Bingölbali, Semra Oğuz
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pre-hemodialysis exercise training improves systemic aerobic capacity and platelet bioenergetic efficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease
  Yu-Ting Lin, Shu-Chun Huang, Sheng-Chiao Peng, Ching-Chung Hsiao, Ji-Tseng Fang, Jong-Shyan Wang
  Life Sciences.2026; 396: 124403.     CrossRef
• Can exercise reduce fatigue in people living with kidney disease?
  Thomas J. Wilkinson, Lisa Ancliffe, Jamie H. Macdonald
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2025; 28(3): 200.     CrossRef
• Effect of intra-dialytic exercise on hemodialysis session adequacy and solutes clearance and rebound in prevalent hemodialysis patients
  Howaida Elshinnawy, Hisham Elsayed, Hayam Hebah, Waleed Abdelmohsen, Dina Farrag, Mostafa Abdelnasier
  Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the protective effects of botulinum toxin-A (Botox-A) on spasticity and nociceptive pain in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to July 2023. The primary outcome of interest was spasticity and nociceptive pain. We pooled the available data using the generic inverse variance method, and we used a fixed-effect/random-effects model. We then calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate the effect size. A total of fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria comprised two randomized controlled trials, five pre-post studies, and seven case reports. Across the various study designs, the majority of trials were assessed to have fair to high quality. The meta-analysis shows that Botox-A significantly decreased spasticity (SMD, -1.73; 95% CI, -2.51 to -0.95; p<0.0001, I2=48%) and nociceptive pain (SMD, -1.79; 95% CI, -2.67 to -0.91; p<0.0001, I2=0%) in SCI patients. Furthermore, Botox-A intervention improved motor function, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life. Our study suggests that Botox-A may alleviate spasticity and nociceptive pain in SCI patients. Moreover, the observed improvements in motor function, ADL, and overall quality of life following Botox-A intervention underscore its pivotal role in enhancing patient outcomes.

Citations

• Botulinum Toxin for Spasticity: Real-World Effects on Patient Health-Related Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden -A Long-Term Retrospective Study
  Giorgio Mandalà, Maria Luisa Capuana, Giacomo Fisco, Giuliana Grimaldi, Provvidenza Sansone, Maria Silvia Mangano
  Applied Medical Research.2026; 13(4): 1.     CrossRef
• Botulinum Toxin for Spasticity: Real-World Effects on Patient Health-Related Quality of Life and Caregiver Burden -A Long-Term Retrospective Study
  Giorgio Mandalà, Maria Luisa Capuana, Giacomo Fisco, Giuliana Grimaldi, Provvidenza Sansone, Maria Silvia Mangano
  Applied Medical Research.2026; 13(4): 1.     CrossRef
• Benefits of Incobotulinumtoxin A in Pain, Spasticity and Functionality—A 5 Years Review
  André Cruz
  Toxins.2026; 18(7): 291.     CrossRef
• Novel approaches for drug development against chronic primary pain: A systematic review
  Valéria Tékus, Éva Borbély, Andreas Goebel, Ralf Baron, Zsófia Hajna, Zsuzsanna Helyes
  British Journal of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Combined Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Botulinum Toxin Injection for Spasticity in the Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report
  Maiko Nishimura, Risa Harada, Takumi Hirabayashi, Yuka Muranaka, Toshiki Usui, Mariko Nagase, Ryoga Kashima, Wataru Saho, Ryo Yoshikawa, Yoshitada Sakai
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 10: n/a.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the factors that induce strong contractions during repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) and compare the muscle torque induced by two stimulators (Stim A and Stim B) with different coil properties.
Methods
rPMS was applied to the right vastus lateralis of 30 healthy young adults. Stim A contained a 10.1 cm² rectangular iron core coil, while Stim B contained a 191 cm² round coil. The knee extensor torque (KET) induced by rPMS at 30 Hz was measured isometrically and divided by the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) to obtain a relative value of MVC (%MVC). KET at 100% intensity of Stim A (A100%, 1.08 T) was compared to those at 100% or 70% intensity of Stim B (B100%, 1.47 T vs. B70%, 1.07 T). Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive literature search for studies that measured the KET during rPMS.
Results
Both the mean values of %MVC using B100% and B70% were significantly greater than that using A100%. Furthermore, the KET induced by Stim B was found to be larger than that described in previous reports, unless booster units were used to directly stimulate the main trunk of the femoral nerve.
Conclusion
Stim B induced a stronger muscle contraction force than Stim A did. This may be because the larger the coil area, the wider the area that can be stimulated. Additionally, a circular coil allows for deeper stimulation.

Objective
To analyze the changes in muscle mass and quality with time on the paretic and non-paretic sides in subacute stroke patients and identify correlations between the variation of muscle mass and quality and lower limb functions.
Methods
Thirty hemiplegia patients diagnosed with stroke participated in this study. To evaluate poststroke muscle changes, longitudinal measurement of muscle mass and quality was conducted with bilateral lower limbs. The elastic shear modulus was measured using shear wave elastography and muscle thickness (MT) of rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius (GCM) muscles. Functional evaluation was performed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST). Follow-up was performed at discharge. The muscle mass and quality were compared according to time. We analyzed whether muscle quantity and quality were related to function.
Results
MT demonstrated no significant change with time. The elastic shear modulus increased significantly in the paretic VL and GCM muscles and did not change significantly in the muscles on the non-paretic side. Correlation analysis detected that elastic shear modulus in the VL has a cross-sectional negative relationship between BBS and positive relationship between FTSST. There were significant correlation between variation of FTSST and the variation of the elastic shear modulus in VL.
Conclusion
Only paretic VL and GCM muscle quality changed in subacute stroke patients and muscle’s property related to lower limb functions. Therefore, the lower extremity requires an approach to muscle quality rather than quantity for subacute stroke patients.

Citations

• Effect of end-effector robot training on lower limb motor function and balance in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Zejian Lou, Fuhai Wang, Difu Guan, Zhichuan Hu, Chen Wei, Xiaoquan Zhang
  Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort
  Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, JooHee Lee, Sang Yoon Lee
  BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutritional status, abdominal muscle thickness, and functional outcomes in patients with subacute to chronic stroke
  Esra Şahingöz Bakırcı, Yasin Coşkun, Tuğba Alışık
  Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluating muscle characteristics and fall events: insights from real-world longitudinal data
  Shaofang Li, Juchuan Dong, Caixia Zhao, Yongmei Li, Wenyuan Wang, Lijuan An, Yongqian Han, Fuhou Zhang, Lihua Jin
  Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association Between Electrophysiological Evaluation and Muscle Quality Changes in the Lower Limb of Subacute Stroke Patients: A Pilot Longitudinal Observational Study
  Se Jin Kim, Jeong Hwan Lee, Young Sook Park, Hyun Jung Chang, Jin Gee Park, Eun Sol Cho, Jae Yeon Kim, Dong Jin Ha
  Diagnostics.2025; 15(22): 2854.     CrossRef
• Effects of Squat Exercise on Stable and Unstable Support Surfaces on Lower-Limb Muscle Thickness and Pennation Angle in Patients with Stroke
  Huiju Nam, Wan-hee Lee
  Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy.2025; 21(2): 61.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of robot-assisted gait training on lower extremity function in subacute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Miao-miao Hu, Shan Wang, Cai-qin Wu, Kun-peng Li, Zhao-hui Geng, Guo-hui Xu, Lu Dong
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and sagittal spino-pelvic parameters along with the relationship between LBP and back muscle mass in Korean male and female fishery workers.
Methods
This retrospective study included a total of 146 subjects who underwent Fishermen’s health survey conducted between June 2018 and August 2020. LBP was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Sagittal spino-pelvic parameters were measured from whole spine standing X-rays. Back muscle cross-sectional areas were identified through lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging and body composition was analyzed through bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Results
The study included 75 males and 71 females, with an average age of 58.33 years for males and 56.45 years for females. Female subjects exhibited higher VAS and ODI scores, larger pelvic tilt (PT) and trunk fat mass and smaller trunk muscle mass compared to males. In female, ODI positively correlated with sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and PT. No significant correlations were found between ODI scores and body composition in either sex. The high ODI group showed greater SVA, PT, and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis and higher trunk fat/muscle ratio. Psoas muscle mass, total and skeletal muscle mass and trunk muscle mass of that group were smaller than those of low ODI group.
Conclusion
Spino-pelvic parameters and back muscle mass were associated with ODI and there were differences between Korean male and female fishery workers.

Citations

• Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort
  Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, JooHee Lee, Sang Yoon Lee
  BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Interrelationships of cervical spine sagittal alignment and whole spinopelvic alignment under implications of musculoskeletal health among independent elderly women in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study
  Tzai-Chiu Yu, Wen-Tien Wu, Ru-Ping Lee, Ing-Ho Chen, Jen-Hung Wang, Shu-Hui Wen, Kuang-Ting Yeh, Barry Kweh
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0312082.     CrossRef

Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by weakness of swallowing-related muscles associated with whole-body sarcopenia. As the number of patients with sarcopenia increases with the aging of the world, the number of patients with sarcopenic dysphagia is also increasing. The prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia is high in the institutionalized older people and in patients hospitalized for pneumonia with dysphagia in acute care hospitals. Prevention, early detection and intervention of sarcopenic dysphagia with rehabilitation nutrition are essential. The diagnosis of sarcopenic dysphagia is based on skeletal and swallowing muscle strength and muscle mass. A reliable and validated diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia is used. Sarcopenic dysphagia is associated with malnutrition, which leads to mortality and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) decline. The rehabilitation nutrition approach improves swallowing function, nutrition status, and ADL. A combination of aggressive nutrition therapy to improve nutrition status, dysphagia rehabilitation, physical therapy, and other interventions can be effective for sarcopenic dysphagia. The rehabilitation nutrition care process is used to assess and problem solve the patient’s pathology, sarcopenia, and nutrition status. The simplified rehabilitation nutrition care process consists of a nutrition cycle and a rehabilitation cycle, each with five steps: assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and monitoring. Nutrition professionals and teams implement the nutrition cycle. Rehabilitation professionals and teams implement the rehabilitation cycle. Both cycles should be done simultaneously. The nutrition diagnosis of undernutrition, overnutrition/obesity, sarcopenia, and goal setting of rehabilitation and body weight are implemented collaboratively.

Citations

• Nutritional and physical pathways from feeding difficulty to sarcopenia in Alzheimer’s dementia
  Büşra Başar Gökcen, Elif Buse Canpolat, Ferenc Budán, Duygu Ağagündüz, Dávid Szép
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of Coexisting Low Tongue Pressure and Sarcopenia with Pharyngeal Residue in Older Adults with Presbyphagia
  Hiroyasu Furuya, Takeshi Kikutani, Yuri Yokota, Maiko Ozeki, Fumiyo Tamura
  Dysphagia.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Negative association of dementia comorbidity with improvement of swallowing function and activities of daily living in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
  Hiroshi Kishimoto, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  Aging Medicine and Healthcare.2026; 17(1): 39.     CrossRef
• Association of Sarcopenia at Admission with Physical Performance at Discharge in Older Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
  Yuto Kameyama, Ryota Ashizawa, Hiroya Honda, Koki Take, Kohei Yoshizawa, Ichiro Fujishima, Tomohisa Ohno, Kenjiro Kunieda, Takashi Shigematsu, Shintaro Iio, Yoshinobu Yoshimoto
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2026; 11: n/a.     CrossRef
• Co-existence of Possible Sarcopenia and Dysphagia is Associated with Poor Functional Outcomes in Patients with Acute Stroke: A 1-Year Follow-up Study
  Yoichi Sato, Takafumi Abe, Yosuke Kimura, Shu Tanaka, Kazuki Okuda, Ayaki Shirahata, Kenta Yamamoto, Kazushige Ide, Masafumi Nozoe
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2026; 30(2): 189.     CrossRef
• Dual burden of sarcopenia and impaired oral status on activities of daily living, cognition and swallowing outcomes in post-stroke patients
  Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Ayaka Matsumoto, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Yoshifumi Kido, Takahiro Bise, Takenori Hamada, Kouki Yoneda
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2025; 129: 105648.     CrossRef
• Progress in dysphagia management in older patients
  Gero Lueg, Maryam Pourhassan, Rainer Wirth
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2025; 28(1): 14.     CrossRef
• The rehabilitation nutrition oral care process: Implementing the triad of rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral management
  Hidetaka Wakabayashi
  Journal of General and Family Medicine.2025; 26(2): 114.     CrossRef
• Association of antipsychotic drugs and tongue strength in patients with dysphagia: A cross-sectional study
  Hiroki Maki, Akio Shimizu, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  Geriatric Nursing.2025; 64: 103334.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of Dysphagia and Its Health Implications Among Elderly Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities in the Liguria Region (Italy): An Observational Cohort Study
  Elena Formisano, Enrico Di Cino, Elena Nicosia, Andrea Pasta, Gianfranco Paccione, Alessandro Antioco Sukkar, Livia Pisciotta, Samir Giuseppe Sukkar
  Nutrients.2025; 17(20): 3268.     CrossRef
• Targeted Physical Rehabilitation for Physical Function Decline in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review
  Ryuichi Tanioka, Kaito Onishi, Feni Betriana, Leah Bollos, Rick Yiu Cho Kwan, Anson Chui Yan Tang, Yueren Zhao, Yoshihiro Mifune, Kazushi Mifune, Tetsuya Tanioka
  Psychiatry International.2025; 6(4): 136.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
  Renata Marchewka, Tomasz Trzmiel, Katarzyna Hojan
  Brain Sciences.2024; 14(5): 430.     CrossRef
• Malnutrition and cachexia may affect death but not functional improvement in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia
  Mai Yamanaka, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  European Geriatric Medicine.2024; 15(3): 777.     CrossRef
• Association between sarcopenia and urinary dysfunction in patients with dysphagia
  Shingo Kakehi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Eri Isono, Ryohei Takemura, Yuka Sato, Yukiko Otsuka, Takako Nagai, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2024; 127: 105577.     CrossRef
• Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia With Sarcopenic Dysphagia by Rehabilitation and Nutritional Support: A Case Report
  Fumiko Furukawa, Kiyohito Kakita
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutritional care in older adults: are we doing everything? An expert opinion review
  Elisabet Sanchez-Garcia, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Paula Ravasco, Merja Suominen, Prof Kaisu Pitkälä
  Current Medical Research and Opinion.2024; 40(9): 1563.     CrossRef
• Age and sex differences in sarcopenic dysphagia: A secondary data analysis
  Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shingo Kakehi, Ayano Nagano, Masako Kishima, Masataka Itoda, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  Journal of General and Family Medicine.2024; 25(6): 343.     CrossRef
• Triad of rehabilitation, nutrition support, and oral management improves activities of daily living and muscle health in hospitalized patients after stroke
  Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Ayaka Matsumoto, Yoshifumi Kido, Takahiro Bise, Aomi Kuzuhara, Takenori Hamada, Kouki Yoneda
  Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2024; 63: 837.     CrossRef
• The Prevalence and Prognosis of Cachexia in Patients with Non-Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
  Shingo Kakehi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Takako Nagai, Shinta Nishioka, Eri Isono, Yukiko Otsuka, Junki Ninomiya, Ryo Momosaki
  Nutrients.2024; 16(17): 2917.     CrossRef

Objective
To systematically review the efficacy of e-Health interventions on physical performance, activity and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia or frailty.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Web of Science, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database for experimental studies published in English from 1990 to 2021. E-Health studies investigating physical activity, physical performance, quality of life, and activity of daily living assessment in adults aged ≥65 years with sarcopenia or frailty were selected.
Results
Among the 3,164 identified articles screened, a total of 4 studies complied with the inclusion criteria. The studies were heterogeneous by participant characteristics, type of e-Health intervention, and outcome measurement. Age criteria for participant selection and sex distribution were different between studies. Each study used different criteria for frailty, and no study used sarcopenia as a selection criteria. E-Health interventions were various across studies. Two studies used frailty status as an outcome measure and showed conflicting results. Muscle strength was assessed in 2 studies, and meta-analysis showed statistically significant improvement after intervention (standardized mean difference, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.94; p=0.80, I²=0%).
Conclusion
This systematic review found insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of e-Health interventions. Nevertheless, the studies included in this review showed positive effects of e-Health interventions on improving muscle strength, physical activity, and quality of life in older adults with frailty.

Citations

• Co-design of a digital health lifestyle intervention for adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
  Surbhi Sood, Stuart K Roberts, David Scott, Shelley E Keating, Sze-Yen Tan, Jacob George, Nicole Kiss, Robin M Daly, David W Dunstan, Robin M Tucker, Elena S George
  Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare.2026; 32(5): 465.     CrossRef
• Comprehensive geriatric assessment and primary care based interventions for managing frailty in older adults: An evidence map
  Smiteerekha Sahoo, Tanveer Rehman, Md Shaney Ali, Haimanti Bhattacharya, Kavitha AK, Rasmiranjan Nayak, Ashok Kumar Mahakuda, Sanghamitra Pati, Jaya Singh Kshatri
  The Journal of Frailty & Aging.2026; 15(1): 100104.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions in Older Adults With Frailty and Sarcopenia: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  Ting Dai, Changsheng Guo, Lingli Gao, Jinyu Huang, Yan Chen, Yujie Zhang, Jing Gao, Xiaodong Feng
  Journal of Medical Internet Research.2026; 28: e88374.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of mobile health interventions on physical activity management in frail older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yaxin Chen, Lei Wu, Jing Li, Mengyuan Yang, Xin Qi, Mei Wang, Qi Li, Yanhong Wang
  European Review of Aging and Physical Activity.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diffusion of gerontechnology in rural communities: Rethinking aging in place in developing countries
  Genghua Huang, Samuel Ampadu Oteng, Silai Dong
  Journal of Rural Studies.2026; 125: 104223.     CrossRef
• Effect of digital health interventions on frailty prevention and surrogate markers in healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yosuke Kimura, Minoru Yamada, Shingo Koyama, Yuhei Otobe, Mizue Suzuki, Keiko Yamada, Hiroshi Akasaka, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Ryo Momosaki, Hyuma Makizako, Keisuke Maeda, Hiroyuki Shimada, Tatsuro Inoue, Koichi Yamamoto, Hidenori Arai
  Aging Medicine and Healthcare.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of social and community health interventions in older adults with frailty, pre-frailty, or at risk of frailty: An overview of systematic reviews
  Lina Sofía Morón-Duarte, Kelly Rocío Chacón-Acevedo, Wilson Daniel Ossa, Olga Victoria Gomez Gomez, Marco Stampini, Natalia Aranco, Nancy Yomayusa-González
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus.2026; 3(3): 100305.     CrossRef
• Frail Older Adults' Needs and Preferences for Mobile Health Exercise Interventions Guided by Nudge Theory: AQualitative Analysis
  Ruotong Peng, Zeng Cao, Shaolong Hu, Xinzhou Liu, Yongzhen Guo, Xiaoyang Li, Chi Zhang, Hui Feng
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2025; 34(5): 1830.     CrossRef
• A multidisciplinary telemedicine approach for managing frailty in Parkinson's disease. A longitudinal, case-control study
  Álvaro García-Bustillo, José Miguel Ramírez-Sanz, José Luis Garrido-Labrador, Alicia Olivares-Gil, Florita Valiñas-Sieiro, Marta Allende-Río, Josefa González-Santos, Jerónimo Javier González-Bernal, Maha Jahouh, Sara Calvo-Simal, Lucía Simón-Vicente, Nati
  Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2025; 130: 107215.     CrossRef
• Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)
  Mikel Izquierdo, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Hidenori Arai, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, Eduardo L. Cadore, Matteo Cesari, Liang-Kung Chen, Paul M. Coen, Kerry S. Courneya, Gustavo Duque, Luigi Ferrucci, Roger A. Fielding, Antonio García-Hermoso, Luis Miguel
  The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2025; 29(1): 100401.     CrossRef
• What are end-users’ needs and preferences for a comprehensive e-health program for type 2 diabetes? – A qualitative user preference study
  Tina Rishaug, Anne-Marie Aas, André Henriksen, Gunnar Hartvigsen, Kåre Inge Birkeland, Eirik Årsand, Ai Theng Cheong,
  PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0318876.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Depression and Leisure Activities on E-Health Literacy Among Older Adults: A Cross-Cultural Study in the EU and Japan
  Kumi Morishita-Suzuki, Toshimi Ogawa, Roberta Bevilacqua, Sebastien Dacunha, Vera Stara, Johanna Möller, Cecilia Palmier, Asako Ohara, Ai Abe, Denilson Brilliant T., Maribel Pino, Rainer Wieching, Elvira Maranesi, Anne-Sophie Rigaud, Shuichiro Watanabe, V
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(3): 403.     CrossRef
• Evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for preventing or reversing physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults aged over 50 years: overview of systematic reviews
  Annemarie Money, Aylish MacKenzie, Amelia Parchment, Gill Norman, Danielle Harris, Saima Ahmed, Lisa McGarrigle, Helen Hawley-Hague, Chris Todd
  BMC Geriatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Digital health interventions for non-older individuals at risk of frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Momoko Tohyama, Ryo Momosaki, Yuka Shirai, Kenta Ushida, Yuki Kato, Miho Shimizu, Issei Kameda, Yuya Sakurai, Asuka Hori, Masatsugu Okamura, Takahiro Tsuge, Hiroki Sato, Yuki Nakashima, Kaori Endo, Shota Hayashi, Norio Yamamoto, Daisuke Matsumoto, Kenichi
  DIGITAL HEALTH.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Strategies to Optimize Recovery in Frail Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Through Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation
  Kyuwan Lee
  Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.2025; 14(2): 159.     CrossRef
• Evaluating effectiveness and implementation of digital health interventions for older adults with cognitive frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yanyan Li, Meijun Liu, Jieru Yang, Qinqin Liu, Wendie Zhou, Jiaqi Yu, Xue Wang, Cuili Wang
  Ageing Research Reviews.2025; 111: 102819.     CrossRef
• Home Healthcare Services and Interventions for Older Adults: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
  Areej Al-Hamad, Yasin M. Yasin, Kateryna Metersky, Kristina M. Kokorelias, Lujain Yasin, Fatima Afzal
  Journal of Ageing and Longevity.2025; 5(3): 25.     CrossRef
• Effects of multi-component interventions on the lifestyle in pre-frail or frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Xinyu Wan, Xuehan Ma, Gengxin Yao, Yiran Xu, Yali Yang, Lishuang Zheng, Li Chen, Guichen Li
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2025; 139: 106005.     CrossRef
• Current and Future Challenges for Rehabilitation for Inflammatory Arthritis
  Rikke Helene Moe, Thea P. M. Vliet Vlieland
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1808.     CrossRef
• A Real-Time Web-Based Intervention with a Multicomponent Group-Based Program for Older Adults: Single-Arm Feasibility Study
  Tsubasa Nakada, Kayo Kurotani, Takako Kozawa, Satoshi Seino, Shinichi Murota, Miki Eto, Junko Shimasawa, Yumiko Shimizu, Shinobu Tsurugano, Fuminori Katsukawa, Kazunori Sakamoto, Hironori Washizaki, Yo Ishigaki, Maki Sakamoto, Keiki Takadama, Keiji Yanai,
  Healthcare.2024; 12(23): 2365.     CrossRef

Objective
To systematically review the effects of protein supplementation in older adults with sarcopenia.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until May 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of older adults with sarcopenia; (3) studies comparing muscle mass, muscle strength, and performance of older adults with sarcopenia after protein supplementation; and (4) studies published up to May 2023.
Results
Six retrospective comparative studies, including 715 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The nutritional supplementation group exhibited significant improvement in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.58; p<0.001; I²=1%), while handgrip strength (SMD=0.37; 95% CI, -0.32–1.07; p=0.29; I²=94%) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (SMD=0.35; 95% CI, -0.47–1.18; p=0.40; I²=94%) showed a tendency for improvement.
Conclusion
Nutritional supplementation with protein increased appendicular muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia and improved handgrip strength and SPPB scores.

Citations

• From aging to space: A comparative biology of skeletal muscle degeneration
  Rizwan Qaisar
  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2026; 1872(1): 168058.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia interventions targeted at improving muscle health in adults with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yuan Zhao, Liying Ying, Xiaofen Gao, Leiwen Tang, Yuping Zhang, Wanya Pan, Wenhao Tian, Yanjie Liu, Xiuqin Feng
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort
  Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, JooHee Lee, Sang Yoon Lee
  BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia: From Global Consensus to Korean Implementation — A Narrative Review and Standpoint
  Geon Young Jang, Sunghwan Ji, Heewon Jung, Ji Yeon Baek, Il-Young Jang, Kyoung Min Kim, Miji Kim, Clara Yongjoo Park, Kwang-Pyo Lee, Dongryeol Ryu, Sang Yoon Lee, Ok Hee Jeon, Sunyoung Kim
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2026; 30(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Does Lower-Limb Segmentation of DXA Matter in Sarcopenia?
  Sang Yoon Lee
  Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2026; : 106363.     CrossRef
• Planetary health diet index and low muscle mass in adults aged 20–60 years: exploratory evaluation of a dairy-upweighted outcome-specific adaptation
  Jin-jie He, Xu-lin Chen, Chao Ning, Qing-jun Wei
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Clinically Meaningful or Just Measurable? What Physiologic Outcomes Tell Us about Aging Interventions
  Brittany Butts, Christopher Herring, Chloe Park, Enid Swatson, Jordan Watson, Whitney Wharton
  Current Geriatrics Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Age-related and cancer-related sarcopenia: is there a difference?
  Federico Bozzetti
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2024; 27(5): 410.     CrossRef
• Protein‐enriched soup and weekly exercise improve muscle health: A randomized trial in mid‐to‐old age with inadequate protein intake
  Li‐Ning Peng, Ming‐Hsien Lin, Sung‐Hua Tseng, Ko‐Han Yen, Huei‐Fang Lee, Fei‐Yuan Hsiao, Liang‐Kung Chen
  Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2024; 15(4): 1348.     CrossRef
• SuperAgers and centenarians, dynamics of healthy ageing with cognitive resilience
  Md Ariful Islam, Ujala Sehar, Omme Fatema Sultana, Upasana Mukherjee, Malcolm Brownell, Sudhir Kshirsagar, P. Hemachandra Reddy
  Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.2024; 219: 111936.     CrossRef
• Consumption of protein supplements/protein-fortified foods among young adults in Jeju
  Hyoju Lee, Youjeong Jang, Sumin Kim, Kyungho Ha
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(2): 261.     CrossRef
• Impact of increased protein intake in older adults: a 12-week double-blind randomised controlled trial
  Janine Wirth, Annalisa Segat, Katy Horner, Domenico Crognale, Thomas Smith, Maurice O’Sullivan, Lorraine Brennan
  Age and Ageing.2024; 53(Supplement): ii13.     CrossRef
• Nutrition resilience for healthy ageing
  Claire T McEvoy, Colin D McClure
  Age and Ageing.2024; 53(Supplement): ii1.     CrossRef
• Study of whey protein on muscle mass and functional rehabilitation in postoperative total knee arthroplasty patients
  Mengshi Li, Qiongfang Shi, Xinle Che, Xingyan Du, Dongming Wang, Yufeng Song
  Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2024; 37(5): 1381.     CrossRef
• Functional status of the cardiovascular system in elderly patients with sarcopenia
  Iu. Samoilova, M. Matveeva, D. Podchinenova, Ya. Yakimova, L. Shuliko, V. Avkhimenko, D. Kudlay, E. Samoylov, E. Khoroshunova, A. Ragimov
  Vrach.2024; : 48.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness (DT), and indices of sarcopenia.
Methods
This study included 45 healthy elderly volunteers (21 male and 24 female) aged 65 years or older. Sarcopenia indices, including hand grip strength (HGS) and body mass index-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM/BMI), were measured using a hand grip dynamometer and bioimpedance analysis, respectively. Calf circumference (CC) and gait speed were also measured. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were obtained using a spirometer, as a measure of respiratory muscle strength. DT was evaluated through ultrasonography. The association between indices of sarcopenia, respiratory muscle strength, and DT was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation test, and univariate and multiple regression analysis.
Results
ASM/BMI (r=0.609, p<0.01), CC (r=0.499, p<0.01), HGS (r=0.759, p<0.01), and gait speed (r=0.319, p<0.05) were significantly correlated with DT. In the univariate linear regression analysis, MIP was significantly associated with age (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p=0.002), CC (p=0.013), and gait speed (p=0.026). MEP was significantly associated with sex (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.033), ASM/BMI (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p<0.001), CC (p=0.001) and gait speed (p=0.004). In the multiple linear regression analysis, age (p=0.001), DT (p<0.001), and ASM/BMI (p=0.008) showed significant association with MIP. DT (p<0.001) and gait speed (p=0.050) were associated with MEP.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that respiratory muscle strength is associated with DT and indices of sarcopenia. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.

Citations

• Association between diaphragm thickness and postoperative complications in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
  Shoji Kuriyama, Motoko Konno, Naoko Mori, Sumire Shibano, Shinogu Takashima, Tsubasa Matsuo, Yusuke Sato, Kyoko Nomura, Yoshihiro Minamiya, Kazuhiro Imai
  Surgery Today.2026; 56(3): 293.     CrossRef
• Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort
  Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, JooHee Lee, Sang Yoon Lee
  BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Identifying dynapenia using ventilatory parameters in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: cross-sectional analysis of the FUNNEL+ study
  C. García-Conejo, C. Roldán-Jiménez, M.A. Pérez-Velasco, R. Gómez-Huelgas, L.M. Pérez-Belmonte, A.I. Cuesta-Vargas
  Revista Clínica Española (English Edition).2026; 226(4): 502494.     CrossRef
• Identificación de la dinapenia mediante parámetros ventilatorios en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de eyección preservada: análisis transversal del estudio FUNNEL+
  C. García-Conejo, C. Roldán-Jiménez, M.A. Pérez-Velasco, R. Gómez-Huelgas, L.M. Pérez-Belmonte, A.I. Cuesta-Vargas
  Revista Clínica Española.2026; 226(4): 502494.     CrossRef
• Sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for sarcopenia in the elderly: a narrative review
  Ahmad Jasem Abdulsalam, Mohammad Abdulsalam, Sulaiman Khadadah, Diaa Shehab, Ahmed S. BaHammam
  Sleep and Breathing.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Role of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Identifying Sarcopenia in COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Nur Aleyna Yetkin, Sibel Akın, Derya Kocaslan, Burcu Baran, Bilal Rabahoglu, Fatma Sema Oymak, Nuri Tutar, İnci Gulmez
  International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.2025; Volume 20: 1.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Takahiro Shinohara, Toru Yamada, Shuji Ouchi, Suguru Mabuchi, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Tatsuya Mayama, Ayane Horike, Kenji Toyoshima, Yoshiaki Tamura, Atsushi Araki, Haruka Tohara, Akihiro Hirakawa, Takuma Kimura, Takeshi Ishid
  Diagnostics.2025; 15(1): 90.     CrossRef
• Descriptive Epidemiology and Prognostic Significance of Diaphragm Thickness in the General Population: The Nagahama Study
  Yasuharu Tabara, Takeshi Matsumoto, Kimihiko Murase, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Kazuya Setoh, Tomoko Wakamura, Toyohiro Hirai, Kazuo Chin, Fumihiko Matsuda
  Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diaphragm thickness and ICU admission risk in elderly COVID-19 patients: a CT-based analysis
  Mercan Tastemur, Cagla Ozdemir, Esin Olcucuoğlu, Gunes Arik, Ihsan Ates, Kamile Silay
  BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and Lung Function in Adults: The Role of Sex and Age
  Shiqi Deng, Urme Binte Sayeed, Yukiko Wagatsuma
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of simultaneous aerobic and inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm function, respiratory muscle strength, endurance, and fatigue index: randomized-controlled trial
  Zeliha Çelik, Nevin A. Güzel, Seriyye Allahverdiyeva, Halit Nahit Şendur, Mahi Nur Cerit
  European Journal of Applied Physiology.2025; 125(12): 3769.     CrossRef
• Association between diaphragm excursion and whole-body muscle mass in older adults: an observational study
  Shuji Ouchi, Toru Yamada, Takahiro Shinohara, Suguru Mabuchi, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Ayane Horike, Tatsuya Mayama, Kenji Toyoshima, Yoshiaki Tamura, Atsushi Araki, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Akihiro Hirakawa, Hiroyuki Ichige, Takeshi Ishida, Takuma Kim
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Short-term resistance training enhances functional and physiological markers in older women: implications for biomechanical and health interventions in aging
  Mine Akkuş Uçar, Coşkun Yılmaz, Hakan Hüseyin Soylu, Barış Sarıakçalı, Cemalettin Budak, Korhan Kavuran, Mehmet Vakif Durmuşoğlu, Levent Ceylan
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parâmetros de capacidade funcional para predizer desfecho hospitalar em pessoas idosas frágeis
  Fernanda Bueno Pilastri, Nise Ribeiro Marques, Julia Fantim Lopez, Francieli da Silva, Marcelo Tavella Navega
  Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parameters of physical capacity to predict in-hospital outcome in frailty older adults
  Fernanda Bueno Pilastri, Nise Ribeiro Marques, Julia Fantim Lopez, Francieli da Silva, Marcelo Tavella Navega
  Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diaphragm Morphology and Function in Neurocritical Care Patients: Uncovering Key Correlations With Respiratory Muscle Strength Under Mechanical Ventilation
  Naiara Kássia Macêdo da Silva Bezerra, Elis Fernanda Araújo Lima de Oliveira, Bárbara Bernardo Figueirêdo, Paulo Adriano Schwingel, Paulo André Freire Magalhães
  Physiotherapy Research International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sonoelastographic evaluation of diaphragmatic thickness and stiffness in dialysis patients
  Nurullah Dag, Haci Bayram Berktas, Aysun Gunduz Uslu, Veysel Burulday
  BMC Medical Imaging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Tai Chi combined with Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization on postural control and balance in post-stroke patients with sarcopenia: protocol for a randomised single-blind controlled trial
  Jie Zhuang, Dorota Duhova, Lei Song, Tingting Meng, Mengxue Sun, Zekai Hu, Jue Wang, Junwen Long, Yimin Shen, Yueren Liu, Wenshu Guo, Jin Hu, Fen Rao, Tingting Shi, Xu-chen Tao, Lei Fang
  BMJ Open.2025; 15(10): e107506.     CrossRef
• Waiting is the hardest part: patient, caregiver and clinician perspectives on shaping prehabilitation support strategies in liver transplantation
  Suzanne M Lester, Bronwen Connolly, Brenda O’Neill, Johnny Cash, Roger McCorry, Judy M Bradley
  Frontline Gastroenterology.2025; : flgastro-2025-103374.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review
  Tae Sung Park, Hari Ryu, Myung-Jun Shin
  Annals of CardioPulmonary Rehabilitation.2025; 5(2): 23.     CrossRef
• Definition, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory sarcopenia
  Shinjiro Miyazaki, Akira Tamaki, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Hidenori Arai
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2024; 27(3): 210.     CrossRef
• Diaphragm Ultrasound in Different Clinical Scenarios: A Review with a Focus on Older Patients
  Carmine Siniscalchi, Antonio Nouvenne, Nicoletta Cerundolo, Tiziana Meschi, Andrea Ticinesi
  Geriatrics.2024; 9(3): 70.     CrossRef
• Appropriate body position and site for diaphragm ultrasound: Comparison with inspiratory mouth pressure
  Kazunori Okada, Akiko Kamiya, Yusuke Yanagi, Masahiro Nakabachi, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Michito Murayama, Sanae Kaga
  WFUMB Ultrasound Open.2024; 2(2): 100052.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of the Functional Reserve and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with CHF in Clinical Trials (Consent Document of the Editorial board of the Journal of Cardiology, the Board of the Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (SSHF) and Working Group “N
  Yu. L. Begrambekova, G. P. Arutynov, M. G. Glezer, N. A. Karanadze, E. A. Kolesnikova, T. A. Lelyavina, A. S. Lishuta, Ya. A. Orlova, Yu. N. Belenkov
  Kardiologiia.2024; 64(7): 4.     CrossRef
• Validating respiratory sarcopenia diagnostic criteria by mortality based on a position paper by four professional organizations: Insights from the Otassha study
  Takeshi Kera, Hisashi Kawai, Manami Ejiri, Keigo Imamura, Hirohiko Hirano, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Shuichi Obuchi
  Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2024; 24(9): 948.     CrossRef
• Evaluating Respiratory Muscle Strength in Sarcopenia Screening among Older Men in South Korea: A Retrospective Analysis
  Tae Sung Park, Sa-Eun Park, Ki-Hun Kim, Sang Hun Kim, Myung Hun Jang, Myung-Jun Shin, Yun Kyung Jeon
  The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(4): 890.     CrossRef
• Tongue pressure, respiratory muscle and limb strength and functional exercise capacity in oesophageal cancer
  Takuya Fukushima, Makoto Yamasaki, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Yasuaki Arima, Takashi Harino, Soshi Hori, Yuki Hashimoto, Masaya Kotsuka, Kentaro Inoue, Kimitaka Hase, Jiro Nakano
  BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.2024; 14(4): 434.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between femoral muscle volume (FMV) and physiological outcomes after trans-femoral amputations (TFAs) affecting overall locomotor function in patients.
Methods
Seven individuals who underwent TFA and had been using a prosthesis participated in this cross-sectional study. Gait and balance were assessed using clinical tests, such as 10-m walk test, 6-minute walk test, Berg Balance Scale, and automatic balance system. Respiratory gas analysis was performed to check oxygen consumption rate. Five participants were evaluated for bilateral FMV by MR imaging and FMV was reconstructed using three-dimentional remodeling.
Results
In five participants, significant differences were found between the non-involved and involved sides in femur length, total FMV, and functional muscle volume (all p<0.01) in all groups except for the hip adductor volume. The %mean difference between the non-involved and involved sides was 30% for femur length, 52.55% for hip flexor volume, 26.55% for hip adductor volume, 51.86% for hip extensor volume, and 60.21% for knee extensor volume. The hip flexor volume to hip extensor volume ratio in the involved limb and oxygen consumption rate during comfortable gait were negatively correlated (r=-0.96, p=0.04).
Conclusion
In individuals who underwent unilateral TFA, hip girdle muscle imbalance in the involved limbs may be associated with oxygen consumption rate while using a prosthesis.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Daewoong botulinum toxin type A (NABOTA) after its launch in South Korea.
Methods
This prospective, multicenter, open-label phase IV clinical trial included 222 patients with stroke. All patients visited the clinic at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 after injection of upto 360 units of NABOTA into the wrist, elbow, and finger flexor muscles at the first visit. The primary outcome was the change in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score for the wrist flexor muscles between baseline and week 4. The secondary outcomes were the changes in MAS, Disability Assessment Scale (DAS), and Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) scores between baseline and each visit, and the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) score at week 12.
Results
There was a statistically significant decrease in the MAS score for the wrist flexors between baseline and week 4 (-0.97±0.66, p<0.001). Compared with baseline, the MAS, DAS and CBS scores improved significantly during the study period. The GAS was rated as very good or good by 86.8% of physicians and by 60.0% of patients (or caregivers). The incidence of adverse events was 14.4%, which is smaller than that in a previous trial.
Conclusion
NABOTA showed considerable efficacy and safety in the management of upper limb spasticity in stroke patients.

Objective
To investigate the association of trunk fat and muscle composition, lumbar disc space narrowing, and low back pain in middle-aged farmers.
Methods
Fat and muscle areas were identified using standard Hounsfield unit ranges for adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with computed tomography images at the mid-L4 vertebral level. Trunk fat mass, muscle mass, and fat/muscle mass ratio were calculated. Low back pain was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The L4/5-disc space and low back pain were also assessed.
Results
Male had a higher total trunk, back, psoas, and abdominal muscle mass, and visceral fat; female had a higher subcutaneous fat mass and fat/muscle ratio. Pearson correlation coefficients with ODI for waist circumference, total fat mass, visceral fat mass, and fat/muscle ratio were all significant in female; only the fat/muscle ratio was significant in male. Pearson correlation coefficients with L4/5-disc space narrowing grades for visceral fat mass, total, back, and psoas muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio, were all significant in female; total and back muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio in male.
Conclusion
There were significant relationships between: fat indicators with low back pain; trunk muscle mass with lumbar disc degeneration; and fat/muscle ratio with both lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain. The fat/muscle ratio may be a useful index for low back pain.

Citations

• Causal associations between abdominal obesity, dietary patterns, and intervertebral disc degeneration: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study with clinical validation
  YiTing Wang, JiaoYi Pan, ZhongHao Dai, BaiTong Zhao, XingYong Mao, GuoYu Ling, ZiTong Zhang, ZeZhong Liu, Xu Wang, Bing Xu
  Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort
  Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, JooHee Lee, Sang Yoon Lee
  BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations of dietary factors and early-life agricultural occupational background with body composition among older adults with type 2 diabetes in suburban Chengdu: A cross-sectional study
  Jinjie Song, Jinfeng Gao, Yangyang Yan, Li Zhong, Xue Wang, Ximin Mou, Xiaoping Yu
  Medicine.2026; 105(27): e49534.     CrossRef
• Association between a body shape index and low back pain: a cross-sectional study highlighting gender-specific differences in NHANES data
  Shiwei Xie, Heng Xiao, Gengwu Li, Jigen Zheng, Fan Zhang, Yuping Lan, Mingwei Luo
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Biomechanical changes in females with poly cystic ovarian syndrome: a case–control study
  Eman E. Kamal, Hamada A. Hamada, Reda Sayed Ashour, Amel M. Yousef, Rovan M. Elbesh
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Relationship Between Low Back Pain, Physical Activity, Posture, and Body Composition in Older Women
  Barbara Rosolek, Dan Iulian Alexe, Krystyna Gawlik, Elena Adelina Panaet, Ilie Mihai, Bogdan Alexandru Antohe, Anna Zwierzchowska
  Healthcare.2025; 13(9): 1054.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Trunk Muscle Thickness, Disability, and Pain in Middle and Old Aged Patients With Low Back Pain
  Ruchi Basista, Deepika Singla, Abhinav Jain
  Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2025; 24(1-4): 318.     CrossRef
• Association of Body Mass Index and Central Obesity with Spinopelvic Alignment Parameters in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Study
  Hao Qi, Zenghui Zhao, Feiyu Zu, Chenxi Wang, Chenchen Wang, Zuzhuo Zhang, Xiaonan Tian, Dan Su, Zhaoxuan Wang, Rui Xue, Zhiyong Hou, Wei Chen, Di Zhang
  World Neurosurgery.2024; 189: e153.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Intraabdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Volume and Muscle Volume on Lumbar Vertebrae Degeneration
  Rabia Mihriban Kilinc, Fatih İlker Can
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fat Hounsfield Unit Reference Interval Derived through an Indirect Method
  Marian Pop, Marius Mărușteri
  Diagnostics.2023; 13(11): 1913.     CrossRef
• Relationships Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Lumbar Lordosis, and Chronic Low Back Pain in the Elderly
  Myung Woo Park, Sang Jun Park, Sun Gun Chung
  Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 959.     CrossRef
• Back Extensor Strength as a Potential Marker of Frailty Using Propensity Score Matching and Machine Learning
  Taewook Kim, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Sora Baek
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(19): 6156.     CrossRef
• Comprehensive Physical Work Capacity Evaluations for Korean Farmers Assessed in Healthy Volunteers
  Seungsu Jeong, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Sora Baek
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 468.     CrossRef
• The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
  Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 459.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the effects of an integrated training device for strength and balance on extremity muscle strength, postural balance, and cognition in older adults using a combination with various rehabilitation training games, in which balance, strength, and cognitive training were configured in a single device.
Methods
This prospective study included 20 healthy participants aged 65–85 years. Participants trained for 30 minutes daily, 3 days weekly, for 6 weeks with an integrated training device for strength and balance (SBT-120; Man&Tel Inc., Gumi, Korea). Main outcomes were measured using the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Manual Muscle Test. Measurements were taken at three time points: T0 (pretreatment), T1 (immediately after treatment), and T2 (4 weeks after treatment).
Results
All 20 patients completed the training, and TUG, FRT, and BBS scores significantly improved at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean TUG scores decreased by 0.99±2.00 at T1 and 1.05±1.55 at T2 compared to T0. Mean FRT scores increased by 6.13±4.26 at T1 and 6.75±4.79 at T2 compared to T0. BBS scores increased by 0.60±0.94 at T1 and 0.45±1.15 at T2 compared to T0. Moreover, muscle strength and cognition (K-MMSE and K-MoCA scores) increased after training.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that an integrated training device for strength and balance can be a safe and useful tool for older adults.

Citations

• Effects of Comprehensive Activity Training Program on Cognitive and Physical Abilities Among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
  Chutima Thongwachira, Teeranut Harnirattisai, Diana Morris
  The Journal of Behavioral Science.2025; 20(1): 30.     CrossRef

To determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (RMS), and functional capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included in this review. Meta-analysis performed using a random-effects model showed that the mean difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 6-minute walk distance, and RMS was 3.47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 6.36), 5.80% (95% CI, 2.03 to 9.56), 78.05 m (95% CI, 60.92 to 95.18), and 4.8 cmH₂O (95% CI, -4.00 to 13.4), respectively. There is strong evidence that IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity, and reduces the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Citations

• Effect of Breathing Exercises to Prevent Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Pilot Study
  Chao Li, Cuiyuan Huo, Hongli Li, Ruitian Ding, Ping Zhang
  Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nursing Care Across the Clinical Continuum of TAVI: A Systematic Review of Multidisciplinary Roles
  Anna Jendrzejczak, Jadwiga Klukow, Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska, Wojciech Styk, Szymon Zmorzynski
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4535.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Pursed Lip Breathing Exercises on Patients' Post‐Bronchoscopy Recovery Parameters: A Nurse‐Led Quasi‐Experimental Study
  Rasha Abdulhalim Alqadi, Azza Ibrahim Abdelkader Habiba, Hanaa Hamad Mohamed El Sayed Akl, Engy AbdelRhman Khamis, Daniel Joseph E. Berdida
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inspiratory Muscle Training Improved Cardiorespiratory Performance in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Chitima Kulchanarat, Suphannee Choeirod, Supattra Thadatheerapat, Dusarkorn Piathip, Opas Satdhabudha, Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
  Advances in Respiratory Medicine.2025; 93(3): 10.     CrossRef
• Benefits of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Mechanisms to Restore Function and Clinical Impact
  Abdulla A. Damluji, Corey R. Tomczak, Stephanie Hiser, Deirdre E. O’Neill, Parag Goyal, Quinn R. Pack, Stephen J. Foulkes, Todd M. Brown, Mark J. Haykowsky, Dale M. Needham, Daniel E. Forman
  Circulation Research.2025; 137(2): 255.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Active Cycle of Breathing Technique in Improving Physiological and Functional Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Narrative Review
  Arnengsih Nazir
  Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2025; Volume 18: 5431.     CrossRef
• Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Cardiomyopathy: Systematic Review
  Hanifa Suleman, Zohaib Shahid, Muhammad Naveed Babur, Abdul Wadood, Khizar Abid, Muhammad Ali Khan, Asna Waseem
  The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences.2025; 5(1): 233.     CrossRef
• Respiratory therapy with positive expiratory pressure in patients after left ventricle geometric reconstruction
  Maksim L. Mamalyga, Mikhail M. Alshibaya, Mark A. Zatenko, Sergey A. Danilov, Gela G. Getsadze, Sergey L. Babak
  RUDN Journal of Medicine.2025; 29(2): 162.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Muscle Training Combinations in Amateur Runners: A Randomized Trial of Pulmonary Function, Respiratory Muscle Strength, and Exercise Capacity
  Eunho Lee, Jinseop Kim
  Bioengineering.2025; 13(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Can resistance prehabilitation training bring additional benefits in valvular cardiac surgery? protocol for a randomized controlled trial
  Jorge Montero-Cámara, Francisco José Ferrer-Sargues, María José Segrera Rovira, Adrián Sarria Cabello, David Cuesta Peredo, Juan Antonio Margarit Calabuig, Noemí Valtueña-Gimeno, María Luz Sánchez-Sánchez, Robert Jeenchen Chen
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303163.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of improving coordination abilities after cardiac surgery: a review
  Natalya V. Arkhipova, Svetlana A. Pomeshkina, Evgeniy V. Bykov
  Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 23(3): 52.     CrossRef
• Inspiratory Muscle Training in Phase 1 and 2 Postoperative Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
  Clênia Oliveira Araújo, Carla Cristina Araújo Alves, Francisco R A dos Santos, Lawrence P Cahalin, Graziella França Bernardelli Cipriano, Gerson Cipriano
  Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery
  Linqi Fang, Anqi Cheng, Zhaohua Zhu, Mengming Shao, Guoai Wang
  Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention.2024; 44(5): 324.     CrossRef
• Effects of preoperative respiratory muscle training for improvement of postoperative health related quality of life in mitral valve replacement patients
  Umama Umar, Ahad Hussain, Komal Tariq
  Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Benefits from Implementing Low- to High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
  Aphrodite Evangelodimou, Irini Patsaki, Alexandros Andrikopoulos, Foteini Chatzivasiloglou, Stavros Dimopoulos
  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2024; 11(12): 380.     CrossRef
• The impact of threshold-loaded inspiratory muscle training and respiratory biofeedback on preserving inspiratory muscle strength and vital capacity after CABG: a randomized clinical trial
  Bahareh Mehregan-Far
  American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease.2024; 14(6): 375.     CrossRef
• Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in commercial respiratory interventions: an evidence-based guide for health and exercise professionals
  Camilla R. Illidi, Lee M. Romer, Michael A. Johnson, Neil C. Williams, Harry B. Rossiter, Richard Casaburi, Nicholas B. Tiller
  European Journal of Applied Physiology.2023; 123(8): 1599.     CrossRef
• Inspiratory Muscle and Functional Performance of Patients Entering Cardiac Rehabilitation after Cardiac Valve Replacement
  Sabine Gempel, Meryl Cohen, Eryn Milian, Melany Vidret, Andrew Smith, Ian Jones, Yessenia Orozco, Neva Kirk-Sanchez, Lawrence P. Cahalin
  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2023; 10(4): 142.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Effects of Liuzijue Exercise and Conventional Respiratory Training on Patients after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Qiao-li Zhang, Min Ge, Cheng Chen, Fu-dong Fan, Yan Jin, Ning Zhang, Lei Wang
  Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine.2023; 29(7): 579.     CrossRef
• Inspiratory muscle training to reduce risk of pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yuping Xiang, Qin Zhao, Tinahui Luo, Ling Zeng
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on pre- and post-operative transcatheter aortic valve replacement prognoses
  Jieru Zou, Jie Yuan, Jingjin Liu, Qingshan Geng
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Sisi Zhang, Bo Li, Xiaoping Meng, Houjuan Zuo, Dayi Hu
  Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Resistance exercise for cardiac rehabilitation
  Danielle L. Kirkman, Duck-chul Lee, Salvatore Carbone
  Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases.2022; 70: 66.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Different Musculoskeletal Disorders
  E. D. Bazdyrev, N. A. Terentyeva, N. A. Galimova, K. E. Krivoshapova, O. L. Barbarash
  Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology.2022; 18(4): 393.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate differences in the relative sizes of the ankle-stabilizing muscles in individuals with versus without flexible flat feet and to determine predictors of symptom severity.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 30 patients with symptomatic flexible flat feet and 24 normal controls. The following were evaluated: foot posture index, resting calcaneal stance position angle, radiographic findings (calcaneal pitch, Meary’s angle, talocalcaneal angle, talonavicular coverage angle [TNCA]), foot function index (FFI), and cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), and peroneus longus (PL) upon ultrasonographic examination. To address morphometric differences among participants, individual muscle measurements were normalized to proportions of total muscle CSA. Between-group differences were evaluated with independent t-tests. Correlations between muscle ratios, radiographic parameters, and FFI scores were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which parameters predicted severe symptoms.
Results
The relative size of the TP was significantly greater and those of the TA and PL were significantly smaller in patients with flat feet than in normal controls. Correlations were found among relative muscle CSA ratios, radiographic parameters, and FFI score. Linear regression analysis confirmed that the TNCA and the relative CSA of the PL were independent predictors of symptom severity.
Conclusion
This study found significant differences in the relative CSAs of the ankle muscles in patients with flexible flat feet versus individuals without flat feet; these differences were significantly correlated with anatomic abnormalities. Symptoms were more severe in patients with relatively greater forefoot abduction and relatively smaller PL.

Citations

• Plantar pressures in symptomatic and asymptomatic flexible flatfeet: how do they differ?
  Victoria Blackwood, Kelly A. Jeans, Rusty L. Hartman, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Jacob R. Zide, Anthony I. Riccio
  Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B.2026; 35(3): 250.     CrossRef
• Does severity of the flatfoot deformity affect pain and mobility in adolescents with symptomatic flatfoot
  Matthew William, Daniel E. Pereira, Beltran Torres-Izquierdo, Claire Schaibley, Pooya Hosseinzadeh
  Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B.2025; 34(2): 189.     CrossRef
• 정상발 및 평발 집단의 발목관절 토크 및 만성발목불안정증(CAI)의 특성 차이
  석경 안, 상근 조, 승재 김
  The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2024; 63(5): 339.     CrossRef
• Relation of Flatfoot Severity with Flexibility and Isometric Strength of the Foot and Trunk Extensors in Children
  Min Hwan Kim, Sangha Cha, Jae Eun Choi, Minsoo Jeon, Ja Young Choi, Shin-Seung Yang
  Children.2022; 10(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Effect of Foot Orthoses in Children With Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot Based on Ultrasonography of the Ankle Invertor and Evertor Muscles
  Dong Joon Cho, So Young Ahn, Soo-Kyung Bok
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(6): 459.     CrossRef
• Biomechanical Evidence From Ultrasonography Supports Rigid Foot Orthoses in Children With Flatfoot
  Joon-Ho Shin
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(6): 411.     CrossRef

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is widely used to improve spasticity. However, after the treatment, the patient may experience pain, inflammation, swelling and redness at the injection site. In this case, we addressed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after BoNT treatment of the upper limb. A male aged 37 years had spasticity and dystonia in his left upper extremity. BoNT-A 100 U was injected into the left biceps brachii and an equal amount into the brachialis to relieve spasticity. After three days, he developed redness and painful swelling in the left upper arm and the next day, through the upper extremity computed tomography venography, DVT was identified in the left cephalic vein. The thrombus resolved after the anticoagulation therapy with rivaroxaban (Xarelto). We hypothesized the role of mainly three mechanisms in the development of DVT in this case: repetitive strenuous activity, relative stasis due to reduced muscle tone, and possible direct mechanical damage to the vessel wall.

Objective
To investigate the anatomical characteristics of the biceps femoris short head (BS) and determine the optimal needle placement for BS examination.
Methods
Twenty-one lower limbs were dissected. The distances from the medial and lateral margins of the biceps femoris long head (BL) tendon to the common fibular nerve (CFN) (M_CFN_VD and L_CFN_VD, respectively) and the distance from the lateral margin of the BL tendon to the lateral margin of the BS (L_BS_HD) were measured 5 cm proximal to the tip of the fibular head (P1), four fingerbreadths proximal to the tip of the fibular head (P2), and at the upper apex of the popliteal fossa (P3).
Results
The BS was located lateral to the BL tendon. The CFN was located along the medial margin of the BL tendon. The median values were 2.0 (P1), 3.0 (P2), and 0 mm (P3) for M_CFN_VD; and 17.4 (P1), 20.2 (P2), and 21.8 mm (P3) for L_CFN_VD; and 8.1 (P1), 8.8 (P2), and 13.0 mm (P3) for L_BS_VD.
Conclusion
The lateral approach to the BL tendon was safer than the medial approach for examining the BS. Amore proximal insertion site around the upper apex of the popliteal fossa was more accurate than the distal insertion site. In this study, we propose a safer and more accurate approach for electromyography of the BS.

Citations

• Ultrasound Depiction of the Optimal Window for Needle Placement for Electromyography of the Short Head of the Biceps Femoris
  Reece M. Hass, Cecilia V. Mitchell, James B. Meiling, William J. Litchy, Andrea J. Boon
  Muscle & Nerve.2026; 73(4): 630.     CrossRef
• Muscle dynamics analysis by clustered categories during jogging in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency
  Haoran Li, Hongshi Huang, Si Zhang, Shuang Ren, Qiguo Rong
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the reliability of knee extensor strength measurements using a supine hand-held dynamometer (HHD) anchoring frame in patients with limited physical activity. Although an HHD is suitable for bedside use, its inter-rater reliability is low because measurements can be influenced by tester strength.
Methods
Maximal knee extensor isometric strength was measured using an HHD anchored to the supine frame. Three trials of three maximal contractions were assessed by two raters.
Results
A total of 33 inpatients who were non-ambulatory due to acute illness participated in the study. The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.974 (inter-rater) and 0.959 (intra-rater). The minimal detectable changes in intra- and inter-observer measurements were 29.46 N (24.10%) and 36.73 N (29.26%), respectively. The limits of agreement ranged from -19.79% to 24.81% for intra-rater agreement and from -21.45% to 37.07% for inter-rater agreement.
Conclusion
The portable dynamometer anchoring system can measure the isometric strength of the knee extensor reliably in the supine position, and could be used for measurements in patients who have difficulty visiting the laboratory and maintaining a seated posture.

Citations

• Mim-pong: a serious game for assessment and treatment of the lower limb in hemiparetic stroke patients
  Fernando L. F. Eichinger, Fabrício Noveletto, Susana C. Domenech, Thierry Moulin, Yoshimasa Sagawa, Antonio Vinicius Soares
  Archives of Physiotherapy.2025; : 59.     CrossRef
• Development and performance verification of an isometric dynamometer for lower extremity
  Yihua Wang, Yining Sun, Lisheng Gao, Zuchang Ma, Xianjun Yang
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Toe Grip Strength Is Associated with Improving Gait Function in Patients with Subacute Stroke
  Jin-Whan Ryu, In-Su Hwang, Sol Jin, Soo-A Kim, Min-Su Kim
  Brain Sciences.2024; 14(3): 215.     CrossRef
• Development and validation of a portable articulated dynamometry system to assess knee extensor muscle strength
  Youho Myong, Sungwoo Park, Minwoo Cho, Seung Yeon Cho, Woo Hyung Lee, Byung-Mo Oh, Sungwan Kim
  Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To examine the correlation between ultrasonographic trunk muscle parameters and balance scales in mild acute stroke patients.
Methods
A total of 55 stroke patients with hemiparesis and motor power grade ≥4 in the manual motor test were included. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Trunk Control Test (TCT) were used to evaluate patient balance function. Ultrasonographic parameters were measured on both non-paretic and paretic sides of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and erector spinae muscles. Resting thickness and contraction thickness were measured in all muscles, and contractility and contractility ratio were calculated based on measured thicknesses. The differences between paretic and non-paretic muscle parameters, and the correlation between ultrasonographic parameters and balance scales were analyzed. Stroke patients were divided into two groups according to their fall risk. Ultrasonographic measurements between the two groups were compared.
Results
All muscles’ contraction thickness and contractility were significantly different between paretic and non-paretic sides (p<0.001). Contractility ratios of all trunk muscles showed a significant correlation with SARA, BBS, TUG, and TCT (p<0.05). Contractility ratios of all muscles were significantly different between high- and low-risk fall groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion
The contractility ratio in stroke patients reflects their balance disturbance and fall risk and it may serve as a new parameter for ultrasound imaging of trunk muscles.

Citations

• Respiratory muscle weakness after stroke: An exploratory mediation analysis of associated factors
  Natalia Domínguez-Sanz, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
  Respiratory Medicine.2026; 257: 108842.     CrossRef
• Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Respiratory Muscles in Stroke Patients and Its Correlation With Pulmonary Function Tests
  Yunus Emre Doğan, Kadriye Öneş, Burak Kütük
  Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research: International Journal of Integrated Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Immediate effects of trunk Kinesio Taping® on functional parameters in the acute stage of patients with mild stroke: A randomized controlled trial
  Asalet Aybüke Güp, Banu Bayar
  Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2024; 40(7): 1447.     CrossRef
• Investigation of the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Sitting Balance Scale in individuals with stroke
  Kübra Çapraz, Saniye Aydoğan Arslan, Teoman Çolak
  Acta Neurologica Belgica.2024; 124(1): 81.     CrossRef
• The investigation of ultrasound to assess lateral abdominal wall activation with different types of core exercises
  Nan Hu, Fengshan Huang, Rui Yu, Neil Chen Yi Lun MacAlevey, Yi Zeng, Ping Miao
  BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Respiratory muscle ultrasonography evaluation and its clinical application in stroke patients: A review
  Xiaoman Liu, Ying Yang, Jie Jia
  Frontiers in Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• BOBATH vs. TASK-ORIENTED TRAINING AFTER STROKE: An assessor-blind randomized controlled trial
  Gülşah Sütçü, Levent Özçakar, Ali İmran Yalçın, Muhammed Kılınç
  Brain Injury.2023; 37(7): 581.     CrossRef
• Association between trunk core muscle thickness and functional ability in subacute hemiplegic stroke patients: an exploratory cross-sectional study
  Jee Hyun Suh, Eun Chae Lee, Joo Sup Kim, Seo Yeon Yoon
  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2022; 29(3): 163.     CrossRef
• Ultrasonography of abdominal muscles: Differential diagnosis of late-onset Pompe disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1
  Pei-Chen Hsieh, Chun-Wei Chang, Long-Sun Ro, Chin-Chang Huang, Jia-En Chi, Hung-Chou Kuo
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Investigation of Structural Changes in Rectus Abdominis Muscle According to Curl-Up Angle Using Ultrasound with an Extended Field of View
  Chansol Park, Hwi-Young Cho, Chang-Ki Kang
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14525.     CrossRef
• Trunk Muscle Activation Patterns During Standing Turns in Patients With Stroke: An Electromyographic Analysis
  I-Hsuan Chen, Pei-Jung Liang, Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu, Shu-Chun Lee
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To examine the efficacy and safety of an innovative, device-driven abdominal trunk muscle strengthening program, with the ability to measure muscle strength, to treat chronic low back pain (LBP) in elderly participants.
Methods
Seven women with non-specific chronic LBP, lasting at least 3 months, were enrolled and treated with the prescribed exercise regimen. Patients participated in a 12-week device-driven exercise program which included abdominal trunk muscle strengthening and 4 types of stretches for the trunk and lower extremities. Primary outcomes were adverse events associated with the exercise program, improvement in abdominal trunk muscle strength, as measured by the device, and improvement in the numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of LBP with the exercise. Secondary outcomes were improvement in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) score and the results of the locomotive syndrome risk test, including the stand-up and two-step tests.
Results
There were no reports of increased back pain or new-onset abdominal pain or discomfort during or after the device-driven exercise program. The mean abdominal trunk muscle strength, NRS, RDQ scores, and the stand-up and two-step test scores were significantly improved at the end of the trial compared to baseline.
Conclusion
No participants experienced adverse events during the 12-week strengthening program, which involved the use of our device and stretching, indicating the program was safe. Further, the program significantly improved various measures of LBP and physical function in elderly participants.

Citations

• Sensor Fusion and Machine Learning for Seated Movement Detection With Trunk Orthosis
  Ahmad Zahid Rao, Saba Shahid Siddique, Muhammad Danish Mujib, Muhammad Abul Hasan, Ahmad O. Alokaily, Tayyaba Tahira
  IEEE Access.2024; 12: 41676.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Respiratory Function and the Strength of the Abdominal Trunk Muscles Including the Diaphragm in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patients
  Yuki Kurokawa, Satoshi Kato, Noriaki Yokogawa, Takaki Shimizu, Hidenori Matsubara, Tamon Kabata, Satoru Demura
  Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology.2024; 9(4): 175.     CrossRef
• Research hotspots and frontiers in non-specific low back pain: a bibliometric analysis
  Qiangjian Mao, Yuqing Wang, Shiqi Xu, Desheng Wu, Guomin Huang, Ziru Li, Lin Jiao, Zhenhai Chi
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers
  Yuki Kurokawa, Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Noritaka Yonezawa, Takaki Shimizu, Ryo Kitagawa, Hiroichi Miaki, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
  Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2022; 35(3): 589.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of locomotive syndrome in patients receiving surgical treatment for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: A multicentre prospective study using the new criteria
  Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Tamon Kabata, Hidenori Matsubara, Yuki Kurokawa, Yoshitomo Kajino, Yoshiyuki Okamoto, Kazunari Kuroda, Hiroaki Kimura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Takaki Shimizu, Kentaro Igarashi, Daisuke Inoue, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
  Modern Rheumatology.2022; 32(4): 822.     CrossRef
• Associations between Abdominal Trunk Muscle Weakness and Future Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Women: A Three-Year Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
  Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Yuki Kurokawa, Ryohei Annen, Motoya Kobayashi, Yohei Yamada, Satoshi Nagatani, Hidenori Matsubara, Tamon Kabata, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(16): 4868.     CrossRef
• Risk Factors for Progressive Spinal Sagittal Imbalance in the Short-Term Course after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A 3 Year Follow-Up Study of Female Patients
  Satoshi Nagatani, Satoru Demura, Satoshi Kato, Tamon Kabata, Yoshitomo Kajino, Noriaki Yokogawa, Daisuke Inoue, Yuki Kurokawa, Motoya Kobayashi, Yohei Yamada, Masafumi Kawai, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(17): 5179.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Respiratory Function and Strength of the Abdominal Trunk Muscles, Including Diaphragm in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patients
  Yuki Kurokawa, SATOSHI KATO, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Hidenori Matsubara, Tamon Kabata, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
  SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of low back pain with muscle weakness, decreased mobility function, and malnutrition in older women: A cross-sectional study
  Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Tamon Kabata, Hidenori Matsubara, Yoshitomo Kajino, Kentaro Igarashi, Daisuke Inoue, Yuki Kurokawa, Norihiro Oku, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Alison Rushton
  PLOS ONE.2021; 16(1): e0245879.     CrossRef
• Awareness of Locomotive Syndrome and Factors Associated with Awareness: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
  Keiko Sugai, Haruhiko Imamura, Takehiro Michikawa, Keiko Asakura, Yuji Nishiwaki
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7272.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of abdominal trunk muscles-strengthening exercise using an innovative device in treating chronic low back pain: a controlled clinical trial
  Ryo Kitagawa, Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Yuki Kurokawa, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Noritaka Yonezawa, Takaki Shimizu, Norihiro Oku, Makoto Handa, Ryohei Annen, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
  Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate variables for assessment of stroke-related sarcopenia that are alternative options to the current assessment for sarcopenia, which focuses on age-related sarcopenia and also has limitations in addressing sarcopenia due to weakness resulting from stroke.
Methods
Forty patients (17 men, 23 women; mean age, 66.9±15.4 years) with first-ever stroke who can walk independently were included. Muscle mass was determined by measuring ultrasonographic muscle thickness of vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, and biceps brachii muscles in addition to using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength was assessed with the Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score as well as handgrip (HG) strength. Physical performance was measured by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) along with 4-meter gait speed (4MGS). Correlations between each assessment in the three categories were analyzed and adjusted by stroke severity, comorbidity, and nutritional status.
Results
For muscle mass, SMI showed the highest correlation with the tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.783, p<0.001) among the other muscles. Regarding muscle strength, the MRC sum score correlated with the HG (r=0.660, p<0.001). For physical performance, the BBS correlated with the 4MGS (r=0.834, p<0.001). The same result was obtained after adjusting for factors of stroke severity, comorbidity, and nutritional status.
Conclusion
These results suggest that ultrasonographic muscle thickness of the tibialis anterior, the MRC sum score, and BBS might be alternatives to SMI, HG, and usual gait speed for sarcopenia in stroke patients.

Citations

• Prevalence and development of sarcopenia and malnutrition in neurological patients during inpatient rehabilitation: a prospective cohort with an embedded, cross-sectional concurrent validity study for regional sarcopenia measurements
  Angela Cairoli, Martina Grinzinger, Chantal Coenegracht, Margret Hund-Georgiadis, Clare Maguire
  BMC Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring a Culture of Nurse-Led Mobility to Advance Hospitalized Patients on the Recovery Continuum
  Rachael Alexis Jividen
  Orthopaedic Nursing.2026; 45(2): 70.     CrossRef
• Differential Effects of Stroke Stage and Age on Sarcopenia in Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Guan-Bo Chen, I-Hsiu Liou, Shu-Fen Sun, Chien-Hui Li, Sheng-Hui Tuan
  Life.2026; 16(7): 1073.     CrossRef
• Feasibility of Sarcopenia Assessment and Association With Functional Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
  Stanley Hughwa Hung, Sharon F. Kramer, Emilio Werden, Vincent Thijs, Bruce C.V. Campbell, Amy Brodtmann
  Physiotherapy Canada.2026; 78(2): 259.     CrossRef
• The Feasibility of non-motorized Treadmill Training on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, Balance, and Gait in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Study
  Minkwon Cho, Taewoong Jeong, Yijung Chung
  NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal.2025; 56(2): 186.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and predictive factors for obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic stroke
  Charuwan Nimphan, Preeda Arayawichanon, Charoonsak Somboonporn, Jittima Saengsuwan
  World Academy of Sciences Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Training modalities for elder sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
  Hao Qiu, Wanxia Zheng, Xi Zhou, Qianrong Liu, Xuehong Zhao
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of hand responses to recipient nerve stimulation in sequential variations of supercharged anterior interosseous nerve transfer to the ulnar nerve – Identifying the golden recipient fascicles
  Soo Min Cha, Jing Xu, Seung Hoo Lee, In Ho Ga, Yong Hwan Kim
  Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery.2025; 110: 253.     CrossRef
• Relationship between progressive improvement in gait ability one year after discharge and skeletal muscle characteristics of stroke survivors
  Shu Tanaka, Yosuke Kimura, Yusuke Terao, Iwao Kojima, Mizue Suzuki, Ryosuke Kita, Katsumi Suzukawa, Megumi Moriya, Minoru Yamada
  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2024; 243: 108401.     CrossRef
• Handheld Ultrasound Parameters of Lower Limb Muscles versus Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Parameters for Skeletal Muscle Assessments in Arabic Female Adults
  Nada H. Alamoudi, Dara Aldisi, Mohamed S. El-Sharkawy, Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty
  Diagnostics.2024; 14(15): 1582.     CrossRef
• The Feasibility and Validity of Sarcopenia Assessment Using Standard of Care Stroke Imaging
  Katrina Knight, Niall Finnegan, Aisling Rafter, Daniel Forbes, Douglas Black, Terry Quinn
  Cerebrovascular Diseases.2024; 54(5): 772.     CrossRef
• Physical Therapy Assessment Tool Threshold Values to Identify Sarcopenia and Locomotive Syndrome in the Elderly
  Hae-In Kim, Myung-Chul Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(12): 6098.     CrossRef
• Sarkopeni’ye Genel Bakış ve İlişkili Faktörler
  Tuba Tülay KOCA, Buket TUĞAN YILDIZ
  Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 18(3): 99.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Generalized Sarcopenia and the Severity of Dysphagia after a Stroke
  Gyu Seong Kim, Hyun Im Moon, Jeong A Ham, Min Kyeong Ma
  Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2022; 12(1): 24.     CrossRef
• Impaired Nutritional Condition After Stroke From the Hyperacute to the Chronic Phase: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Viviënne Huppertz, Sonia Guida, Anne Holdoway, Stefan Strilciuc, Laura Baijens, Jos M. G. A. Schols, Ardy van Helvoort, Mirian Lansink, Dafin F. Muresanu
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of Sarcopenia on Functional Outcomes Among Patients With Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Retrospective Study
  Hyungwoo Lee, Il Hyung Lee, JoonNyung Heo, Minyoul Baik, Hyungjong Park, Hye Sun Lee, Hyo Suk Nam, Young Dae Kim
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutrition Management in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review
  Hoo Young Lee, Byung-Mo Oh
  Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutrition Management Across the Stroke Continuum of Care to Optimize Outcome and Recovery
  Anne Holdoway, Ethem Murat Arsava, Stephen A. Ashford, Emanuele Cereda, Rainer Dziewas, Gerard E. Francisco
  The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 5(4): 121.     CrossRef
• Effect of Aquatic Treadmill Training on Patients with Hemiplegia after Stroke
  Yanan WANG, Tong ZHANG, Huilin LIU, Xuejing DU, Xiaomin ZHU, Yuanmin LIU
  Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 32(4): 299.     CrossRef
• Are Sarcopenia and Cognitive Dysfunction Comorbid after Stroke in the Context of Brain–Muscle Crosstalk?
  Sophia X. Sui, Brenton Hordacre, Julie A. Pasco
  Biomedicines.2021; 9(2): 223.     CrossRef
• Association Between Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit and Sarcopenia Among Hemiplegic Stroke Patients
  Aeri Jang, Chang Hoon Bae, Soo Jeong Han, Hasuk Bae
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(1): 49.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia Diagnosis: Reliability of the Ultrasound Assessment of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle as an Alternative Evaluation Tool
  Massimiliano Leigheb, Alessandro de Sire, Matteo Colangelo, Domenico Zagaria, Federico Alberto Grassi, Ottavio Rena, Patrizio Conte, Pierluigi Neri, Alessandro Carriero, Gian Mauro Sacchetti, Fabio Penna, Giuseppina Caretti, Elisabetta Ferraro
  Diagnostics.2021; 11(11): 2158.     CrossRef
• How Does Stroke Affect Skeletal Muscle? State of the Art and Rehabilitation Perspective
  Valentina Azzollini, Stefania Dalise, Carmelo Chisari
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia in neurodegenerative disorders
  M. A. Korotysh, S. N. Svetozarskiy, S. V. Kopishinskaia
  Medical alphabet.2021; (36): 52.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia as a Mediator of the Effect of a Gerontogymnastics Program on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight and Obese Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo, Noelia González-Gálvez, Gemma María Gea-García, Abraham López-Vivancos, Alejandro Espeso-García, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7064.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effects of physical therapy interventions using strengthening and stretching exercise programs on pain and temporospatial gait parameters in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF).
Methods
Eighty-four patients with PF participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the strengthening or stretching exercise groups. All patients received 8 physical therapy interventions two times per week in the first 4 weeks and performed daily strengthening or stretching exercises three times per day. After 4 weeks, they continued the assigned exercise programs every day for 8 weeks. Pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at the worst and in the morning and temporospatial gait parameters were evaluated at the baseline, intermediate of the intervention, end of the intervention, and the first and second month follow-up.
Results
There were significant effects of the time on the worst pain, morning pain, cadence, stride time, stride length, total double support, and gait speed, but there was no effect on step width. In addition, the main effect of the group and the interaction effects of the time and the group were not found in any parameters. For intra-group comparisons, there were significant differences in worst pain, morning pain, cadence, and stride time among the assessment times in both groups. For inter-group comparisons, there were no significant differences in all parameters.
Conclusion
Both strengthening and stretching exercise programs significantly reduced pain and improved gait in patients with PF.

Citations

• Home Exercise With or Without High-Intensity Laser or Radial Shockwave Therapy for Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Meryem Kosehasanogullari, Sıdıka Büyükvural Şen, Nurhan Okur Yılmaz, Nilüfer Aygün Bilecik, Burhan Fatih Koçyiğit
  Foot & Ankle International.2026; 47(3): 386.     CrossRef
• The relationship between clinical outcomes and gait biomechanics in individuals with plantar fasciitis
  Hataitip Boonchum, Roongtiwa Vachalathiti, Richard Smith, Satoshi Muraki, Sunee Bovonsunthonchai
  Archives of Physiotherapy.2026; 16(1): 23.     CrossRef
• The effect of multimodal rehabilitation program on pain, functional outcomes, and plantar fascia thickness in patients with plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial
  Mohamed Ramadan Ibraheem, Mohamed Ashraf Abd El-Moneim, Mona Mohamed Ibrahim
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The effects of performing rehabilitation exercises and wearing minimal shoes on gait in adults with plantar fasciopathy
  Jennifer Xu, Jay Hertel, Chris Kuenze, Abbis H. Jaffri, Susan A. Saliba
  Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2026; 48: 77.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Versus Other Electrophysical Modalities on Pain and Functionality in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Francisco Guede-Rojas, Leonardo Rodriguez-Lagos, Claudio Carvajal-Parodi
  Foot & Ankle Specialist.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy of physical therapy interventions delivered with home exercise programs for pain and function in plantar fasciitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Zelin Li, Siyi He, Jiaqi Wu, Zhaoying Zhu, Ling Chen, Wei Lu
  Physical Therapy.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of minute oscillation stretching training on muscle and tendon stiffness and walking capability in people with type 2 diabetes
  Riccardo Magris, Andrea Monte, Francesca Nardello, Michele Trinchi, Nicolò Vigolo, Carlo Negri, Paolo Moghetti, Paola Zamparo
  European Journal of Applied Physiology.2025; 125(1): 183.     CrossRef
• Reinterpreting the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Plantar Heel Pain Through an International Lens
  Henrik Riel, Ian Griffiths, Marte Heide, Dylan Morrissey, Marianne Mørk, Trevor Prior, Michael Skovdal Rathleff
  Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.2025; 55(1): 72.     CrossRef
• RE: Reinterpreting the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Plantar Heel Pain Through an International Lens
  Thomas A. Koc Jr., Christopher G. Bise, Christopher Neville, Dominic Carreira, RobRoy L. Martin
  Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.2025; 55(1): 73.     CrossRef
• Effects of a plantar fascia stretching on ankle passive range of motion, balance, gait, and ankle stability in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled study
  Younghwan Kwag, Donghwan Park
  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2025; 32(2): 109.     CrossRef
• Effects of foot intrinsic muscle dynamic stretching on balance, gait parameters, and dynamic gait index in patients with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled study (CONSORT)
  Younghwan Kwag, Donghwan Park
  Medicine.2025; 104(8): e41507.     CrossRef
• Physiotherapy Management of Plantar Fasciitis: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia
  Abdulmajeed Muhaysin Alnefaie, Hosam Alzahrani, Mansour Abdullah Alshehri
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4584.     CrossRef
• Effect of aquatic exercises on pain and functional performance in plantar fasciitis
  Sawani R. Aphale, Sandeep Shinde
  Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research.2025; 9: 482.     CrossRef
• RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
  Kacper Dywan, Joanna Kośka, Gabriela Łocik, Katarzyna Moliszewska, Paweł Kukiełka, Julia Mazurek, Julia Załęcka, Martyna Musiorska, Michał Błaszkiewicz
  International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A randomized controlled trial of a supervised self-administered program for chronic plantar fasciitis
  Vitsarut Buttagat, Yadanuch Boonyaratana, Sujittra Kluayhomthong, Sulukkana Noiprasert, Petcharat Keawduangdee, Pattanasin Areeudomwong
  Chiropractic & Manual Therapies.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Current Concepts in the Evaluation, Management, and Prevention of Common Foot and Ankle Injuries in the Runner
  Alexis S. Tingan, Aisha Bowen, Chelsea Salas-Tam, Matthew Roland, Apurva Srivastav
  Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports.2024; 12(2): 200.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the effectiveness of peloid therapy and kinesiotaping in patients with unilateral plantar fasciitis: A prospective, randomized controlled study
  Ramazan Yilmaz, Süleyman Gül, Halim Yilmaz, Fatih Karaarslan
  Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024; 70(2): 221.     CrossRef
• Effect of shockwave therapy on plantar fasciitis in postnatal women: a randomized controlled trial
  Yomna M. Abd El Rahman, Hala H. Emara, Sameh H. Samir, Manal A. El-Shafei
  Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of stretching versus strengthening exercise on pain level and static and dynamic balance among collegiate athletes with knee injuries
  Muhammad Irfan Azman, Ernie Yen Lee Leong, Nurul Fadhilah Abdullah, Ebby Waqqash Mohamad Chan
  Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise.2024; 13(2): 91.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Spatiotemporal Gait Variables Between Healthy Individuals and Patients with Heel Spur During Walking
  Mohamad amin Shahbazi, Ali Jalalvand
  Journal of Sport Biomechanics.2024; 10(3): 230.     CrossRef
• INFLUENCE OF UPPER BODY STRETCHING EXERCISES ON SHOT PUT
  Yusong Teng, Anyu Chen, Zhaoyu Xie, Jiahe Zhang, Wei Liu
  Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of therapeutic interventions on pain due to plantar fasciitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Janice de S. Guimarães, Fabio L. Arcanjo, Gustavo Leporace, Leonardo F. Metsavaht, Cristiano Sena Conceição, Marcus V. M. G. Moreno, Tulio E. Marçal Vieira, Carolina Cunha Moraes, Mansueto Gomes Neto
  Clinical Rehabilitation.2023; 37(6): 727.     CrossRef
• Plantar fasiit tedavisinde ekstrakorporeal şok dalga tedavisinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
  Tuğba ŞAHBAZ, Ahmet Kıvanç MENEKŞEOĞLU
  Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; 28(2): 133.     CrossRef
• The therapeutic effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with Kinesio Tape on plantar fasciitis
  Jing Zhao, Yunfei Jiang
  Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2023; 36(5): 1203.     CrossRef
• Physiotherapeutic Interventions for Individuals Suffering From Plantar Fasciitis: A Systematic Review
  Manali A Boob, Pratik Phansopkar, Kamya J Somaiya
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies on pain intensity and disability for plantar fasciitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Bianca Martins Lourenço, Mariana Gabrich Moraes Campos, Laísa Maia, Brenda Castro, Renato Guilherme Trede, Vinícius Cunha Oliveira
  British Journal of Sports Medicine.2023; 57(23): 1516.     CrossRef
• Plantar Fasciitis: An Updated Review
  Wen-Che Tseng, Yun-Chang Chen, Tsung-Min Lee, Wen-Shiang Chen
  Journal of Medical Ultrasound.2023; 31(4): 268.     CrossRef
• Heel Pain – Plantar Fasciitis: Revision 2023
  Thomas A. Koc, Christopher G. Bise, Christopher Neville, Dominic Carreira, Robroy L. Martin, Christine M. McDonough
  Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.2023; 53(12): CPG1.     CrossRef
• Current understanding of the diagnosis and management of the tendinopathy: An update from the lab to the clinical practice
  Lorena Canosa-Carro, María Bravo-Aguilar, Vanesa Abuín-Porras, Jaime Almazán-Polo, Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla, Isabel Rodríguez-Costa, Daniel López-López, Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Carlos Romero-Morales
  Disease-a-Month.2022; 68(10): 101314.     CrossRef
• Resistance Training Interventions for Lower Limb Tendinopathies: A Scoping Review of Resistance Training Reporting Content, Quality, and Scientific Implementation
  Ian Burton, Aisling McCormack, Stephanie Georgina Dakin
  Translational Sports Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
• Muscle Quality Assessment by Ultrasound Imaging of the Intrinsic Foot Muscles in Individuals with and without Plantar Fasciitis: A Case–Control Study
  Lorena Canosa-Carro, Daniel López-López, Carmen de Labra, Raquel Díaz-Meco-Conde, Blanca de-la-Cruz-Torres, Carlos Romero-Morales
  Healthcare.2022; 10(3): 526.     CrossRef
• Assessment of the reporting quality of resistance training interventions in randomised controlled trials for lower limb tendinopathy: A systematic review
  Ian Burton, Aisling McCormack
  Clinical Rehabilitation.2022; 36(6): 831.     CrossRef
• Features of Extrinsic Plantar Muscles in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis by Ultrasound Imaging: A Retrospective Case Control Research
  Lorena Canosa-Carro, Daniel López-López, Fernando García-Sanz, Raquel Díaz-Meco-Conde, Paula García-Bermejo, Blanca de-la-Cruz-Torres, Jolanta Marszalek, Carlos Romero-Morales
  Diagnostics.2022; 12(4): 897.     CrossRef
• Immunopathogenesis, early Detection, current therapies and prevention of plantar Fasciitis: A concise review
  Donya Rabadi, Sarah Seo, Brian Wong, Daniel Chung, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K. Agrawal
  International Immunopharmacology.2022; 110: 109023.     CrossRef
• The effect of a home-based stretching exercise on the ground reaction force generation and absorption during walking in individuals with plantar fasciitis
  Hataitip Boonchum, Komsak Sinsurin, Wanlop Kunanusornchai, Jim Richards, Sunee Bovonsunthonchai
  Physical Therapy in Sport.2022; 58: 58.     CrossRef
• Impact of plantar fasciitis on postural control and walking in young middle-aged adults
  Laure Richer, Emilie Fortin, Guillaume Gagnon, Suzy Ngomo, Karen Barros Parron Fernandes, Cristina Cortis, Stéphane Sobczak, Rubens A. da Silva
  The Foot.2022; 53: 101951.     CrossRef
• Plantar Fasciitis: Low-Cost Treatment Interventions in Primary Care
  Glynnis J. Haley, Sallie Coke
  The Journal for Nurse Practitioners.2021; 17(2): 192.     CrossRef
• Myofascial Treatment Techniques on the Plantar Surface Influence Functional Performance in the Dorsal Kinetic Chain
  Anna Gabriel, Andreas Konrad, Anna Roidl, Jennifer Queisser, Robert Schleip, Thomas Horstmann, Torsten Pohl
  Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.2021; : 13.     CrossRef
• Single Session of Low-dye Calcaneal Taping as a Viable Alternative to LASER Therapy for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Shobhalakshmi S Holla, Soni Srikantaiah, Ramesh Debur
  Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery (Asia Pacific).2021; 9(1): 30.     CrossRef
• Étude pilote de l’impact d’orthèses plantaires thermoformées sur la douleur chez les hockeyeurs sur gazon souffrant d’aponévrosite plantaire
  Timothée Rainteau, Didier- Pradon
  Revue du Podologue.2020; 16(94): 12.     CrossRef
• Effects of stretching exercises on human gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Thomas Vialleron, Arnaud Delafontaine, Sebastien Ditcharles, Paul Fourcade, Eric Yiou
  F1000Research.2020; 9: 984.     CrossRef
• Effects of stretching exercises on human gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Thomas Vialleron, Arnaud Delafontaine, Sebastien Ditcharles, Paul Fourcade, Eric Yiou
  F1000Research.2020; 9: 984.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the correlation between mechanography and clinical parameters in older people at 3 and 6 months after hip fracture surgery.
Methods
A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted in university hospitals with 38 patients at 3 months and 29 patients at 6 months after hip fracture surgery. Subjects 65 years and older completed measurements on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), walking ability by Koval, Korean version of the fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight (K-FRAIL) scale, and hand grip strength. The Romberg test with center of foot pressure (COP), chair rise test (CRT), and maximal power (W/kg) were conducted using the Leonardo Mechanograph.
Results
COP area and pathway length were correlated with BBS at 3 and 6 months. Change in BBS was correlated with change in COP area, but not with change in COP length. COP area and pathway length were correlated with K-FRAIL at 3 months after hip fracture surgery. The same COP variables showed correlations with FAC and walking ability by Koval at 6 months after surgery. Maximal power during CRT had correlation with chair rise time but not with other clinical parameters.
Conclusion
The study revealed correlations between mechanography and clinical parameters in older people at 3 and 6 months after hip fracture surgery. Both the clinical assessment and objective test with mechanography may be required for the quantitative and sensitive measurement of postural balance and lower limb muscle power.

Citations

• Gait dynamic stability evaluation in patients undergoing hip joint fractures – tools to measure rehabilitation effectiveness
  Imran Mahmood, Hafiz Farhan Maqbool, Anam Raza, Nadeem Iqbal, Abbas A Dehghani-Sanij
  Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express.2024; 10(4): 045050.     CrossRef
• Minimal clinically important difference of the Berg Balance Scale score in older adults with hip fractures
  Shuntaro Tamura, Kazuhiro Miyata, Sota Kobayashi, Ren Takeda, Hiroki Iwamoto
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2022; 44(21): 6432.     CrossRef
• Utility of the ability for basic movement scale II as a prediction method of ambulation ability in patients after the hip fracture surgery
  Rui Gu, Naoto Ozaki, Degang Yang, Qiuchen Huang, Shin Sato, Fei Zheng, Mitsuhiro Sano, Takeki Ishida, Jianjun Li, Wataru Kakuda
  Journal of Orthopaedic Science.2021; 26(6): 1025.     CrossRef
• Jumping Mechanography is a Suitable Complementary Method to Assess Motor Function in Ambulatory Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  Astrid Blaschek, Martin Rodrigues, Rainer Rawer, Christine Müller, Lena Ille, Sebastian Schröder, Mohamed Idriess, Wolfgang Müller-Felber, Katharina Vill
  Neuropediatrics.2021; 52(06): 455.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the location of the motor endplate zones (MoEPs) for the three heads of the triceps brachii muscles during cadaveric dissection and estimate the safe injection zone using ultrasonography.
Methods
We studied 12 upper limbs of 6 fresh cadavers obtained from body donations to the medical school anatomy institution in Seoul, Korea. The locations of MoEPs were expressed as the percentage ratio of the vertical distance from the posterior acromion angle to the midpoint of the olecranon process. By using the same reference line as that used for cadaveric dissection, the safe injection zone away from the neurovascular bundle was identified in 6 healthy volunteers via ultrasonography. We identified the neurovascular bundle and its location with respect to the distal end of the humerus and measured its depth from the skin surface.
Results
The MoEPs for the long, lateral, and medial heads were located at a median of 43.8%, 54.8%, and 60.4% of the length of the reference line in cadaver dissection. The safe injection zone of the medial head MoEPs corresponded to a depth of approximately 3.5 cm from the skin surface and 1.4 cm away from the humerus, as determined by sonography.
Conclusion
Correct identification of the motor points for each head of the triceps brachii would increase the precision and efficacy of motor point injections to manage elbow extensor spasticity.

Citations

• Anatomy-Based Botulinum Toxin Injection of the Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle
  Hyun Jin Park, You-Jin Choi
  Toxins.2026; 18(7): 302.     CrossRef
• An overlooked cause of upper extremity pain: myofascial trigger points of the triceps muscle and dry needling protocol
  Aylin Ayyıldız, Burak Tayyip Dede, Mustafa Hüseyin Temel, Bülent Alyanak, Mustafa Turgut Yıldızgören, Fatih Bağcıer
  Pain Management.2025; 15(3): 115.     CrossRef
• Enhancing Botulinum Toxin Injection Precision: The Efficacy of a Single Cadaveric Ultrasound Training Intervention for Improved Anatomical Localization
  Camille Heslot, Omar Khan, Alexis Schnitzler, Chloe Haldane, Romain David, Rajiv Reebye
  Toxins.2024; 16(7): 304.     CrossRef
• Distribution of the intramuscular innervation of the triceps brachii: Clinical importance in the treatment of spasticity with botulinum neurotoxin
  Kyu‐Ho Yi, Ji‐Hyun Lee, Hye‐Won Hur, Hyung‐Jin Lee, You‐Jin Choi, Hee‐Jin Kim
  Clinical Anatomy.2023; 36(7): 964.     CrossRef
• Mapping the limb muscle motor points for targeted administration of botulinum toxin in the treatment of focal and segmental spasticity
  A. P. Kovalenko, K. A. Sinelnikov, V. D. Shamigulov, N. N. Akhmedov, E. M. Shamina
  Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics.2020; 12(6): 61.     CrossRef

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare autosomal recessive neurovisceral lysosomal lipid storage disorder. The clinical manifestations of the disorder are variable. This report describes the case of a 27-month-old girl with NP-C whose condition had been misdiagnosed as spastic cerebral palsy (CP). She had spasticity, particularly at both ankles, and gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed findings suspicious of sequelae from a previous insult, such as periventricular leukomalacia, leading to the diagnosis of CP. However, she had a history of hepatosplenomegaly when she was a fetus and her motor development had deteriorated, with symptoms of vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, cataplexy, and ataxia developing gradually. Therefore, NP-C was considered and confirmed with a genetic study, which showed mutation of the NPC1 gene. Thus, if a child with CP-like symptoms presents with a deteriorating course and NP-C-specific symptoms, NP-C should be cautiously considered.

Citations

• Clinical Characteristics Suggestive of a Genetic Cause in Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
  Anna M. Janzing, Erik Eklund, Tom J. De Koning, Hendriekje Eggink
  Pediatric Neurology.2024; 153: 144.     CrossRef
• Brain imaging in children with neonatal cholestatic liver disease: A systematic review
  Thora Wesenberg Helt, Lars Søndergaard Johansen, Daniel Faurholt‐Jepsen, Vibeke Andrée Larsen, Lise Borgwardt, Jann Mortensen, Vibeke Brix Christensen
  Acta Paediatrica.2024; 113(6): 1168.     CrossRef
• How is cerebral palsy different from other childhood neurological disorders?
  Mercedes Cabezas-López
  Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology.2023; 9(2): 64.     CrossRef
• Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Diagnosed Using Neonatal Cholestasis Gene Panel
  Sun Woo Park, Ji Hong Park, Hye Jeong Moon, Minsoo Shin, Jin Soo Moon, Jae Sung Ko
  The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 78(4): 240.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine post-operative physical performance factors associated with gait speed in patients surgically treated for hip fracture.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from 59 patients (16 males and 43 females; mean age, 79.2±9.1 years) who underwent hip fracture surgery were enrolled. Patients completed a 10-meter walk test (10MWT) to assess gait speed. Additional physical performance tests included the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors and flexors on the operated and non-operated sides as well as of the hip abductors (all tested using air-resistance weight machines), and analysis of spatio-temporal gait parameters at about 6 weeks after hip surgery.
Results
Bivariate analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between the post-operative 10MWT and the post-operative TUG, age, swing phase duration, and gait cycle duration along with a significant negative correlation between post-operative BBS score, MVIC of the knee extensors and flexors on the operated and non-operated sides, MVIC of the hip abductors, and cadence and stance phase duration. Linear regression analyses revealed that the post-operative TUG (β=0.85, p<0.01), gait cycle duration (β=0.17, p=0.02), and osteoporosis (β=-0.18, p=0.02) were associated with the post-operative 10MWT.
Conclusion
The presence of osteoporosis, post-operative balance, and isometric muscle strength in the operated and non-operated legs were statistically associated with post-operative gait speed early after hip fracture surgery.

Citations

• Association of surgical procedure and radiographic hip alignment with hip abductor strength ratio at discharge after proximal femoral fracture surgery
  Satoshi Hakukawa, Shunsuke Onuma, Kanata Yoshihara
  Journal of Orthopaedics.2026; 74: 131.     CrossRef
• Can Patients Self-Identify Gait Disturbances After Lower Extremity Trauma? Enhancing Patient Engagement in Their Care
  Tyler Forbes, Joseph Cavataio, Andrew Robinson, Abdel Kareem Hilo, Alyxandra Camello, Anagha Purushotham, Rahul Vaidya
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 1175.     CrossRef
• Construct validity of real-world digital mobility outcomes in patients after proximal femoral fracture: a cross-sectional observational study
  Tobias Eckert, Martin Aursand Berge, Michael Long, Martí de las Heras, Paula Alvarez, Hubert Blain, Julia Braun, Joren Buekers, Brian Caulfield, Monika Engdal, Anja Frei, Jorunn L. Helbostad, Anisoara Ionescu, Carl-Philipp Jansen, Lars Gunnar Johnsen, Joc
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Affected-side hip flexion recovery is associated with gait-speed gain during early inpatient rehabilitation after hip fracture: A pilot prospective biomechanical analysis
  Junil So, Seohee Park, Yongwun Cho, Chang Han Lee, Min-Kyun Oh, Hayoung Byun
  Clinical Biomechanics.2026; 138: 106892.     CrossRef
• Virtual reality-enhanced rehabilitation for improving musculoskeletal function and recovery after trauma
  Phani Paladugu, Rahul Kumar, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Kyle Sporn
  Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Impact of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Daily Ambulatory Function: A Prospective Study
  Kevin A. Wu, Eric S. Dilbone, David N. Kugelman, Rahul K. Goel, Sean P. Ryan, Samuel S. Wellman, Michael P. Bolognesi, Thorsten M. Seyler
  The Journal of Arthroplasty.2025; 40(9): S253.     CrossRef
• Clinical Impact of Neuropostural and Neuromuscular Optimization Protocols With Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) Technology in Older Adults With Femoral Fractures: An Observational Study
  Bruna Lombardi, Margherita Imbrenda, Valtere Giovannini, Vania Fontani, Salvatore Rinaldi
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Markerless three-dimensional gait analysis in healthy older adults: test–retest reliability and measurement error
  Andreia Carvalho, Jos Vanrenterghem, Sílvia Cabral, Ana Assunção, Rita Fernandes, António P. Veloso, Vera Moniz-Pereira
  Journal of Biomechanics.2024; 174: 112280.     CrossRef
• Balancing act: Unraveling the link between muscle strength, proprioception, and stability in unilateral hip osteoarthritis
  Batool Abdulelah Alkhamis, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Khalid A. Alahmari, Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Ghada Mohammed Koura, Olfat Ibrahim Ali, Debjani Mukherjee, Basant Hamdy Elrefaey, Holakoo Mohsenifar
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(2): e0298625.     CrossRef
• Association of Nutritional Risk With Gait Function and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adult Patients With Hip Fractures
  Yasunobu Ishikawa, Takuji Adachi, Yasushi Uchiyama
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Quantified clinical measures linked to ambulation speed in hemiparesis
  Mouna Ghédira, Maud Pradines, Valentina Mardale, Jean-Michel Gracies, Nicolas Bayle, Emilie Hutin
  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2022; 29(6): 411.     CrossRef
• Minimal clinically important difference of the Berg Balance Scale score in older adults with hip fractures
  Shuntaro Tamura, Kazuhiro Miyata, Sota Kobayashi, Ren Takeda, Hiroki Iwamoto
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2022; 44(21): 6432.     CrossRef
• Mechanisms for increased systemic fracture risk after index fracture
  B. Osipov, B.A. Christiansen
  Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices.2021; 11: 100072.     CrossRef
• Impact of Bone Fracture on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance—Narrative Review
  Pawel Szulc
  Current Osteoporosis Reports.2020; 18(6): 633.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate dosage changes in intrathecal baclofen during long-term treatment of patients with severe leg spasticity.
Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of 49 patients treated with an intrathecal baclofen pump (ITB) because of severe leg spasticity, for a minimum of 7 years. Eight patients were excluded due to catheter/pump failure or factors aggravating spasticity. Of the remaining 41 patients, 19 had spinal cord injury (SCI) and 22 were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Among the SCI patients, 15 had cervical and 4 thoracic SCI, with 7 patients showing the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) A and 12 patients with AIS B–D. The dose was regulated by discussion among the patients and their physicians, usually 4–10 times annually, to reduce leg spasticity and also avoid leg/trunk weakness.
Results
After 1 year patients on ITB needed a median dose of 168 mg/24 hr (range, 30–725 mg) for an optimal effect. After 7 to 10 years the dosage needed to reduce leg spasticity in the MS patients was significantly increased compared with the initial dose (mean 157%, n=22 and mean 194%, n=18). In contrast, the SCI patients needed only a modest increase (mean 113% and 121%). The difference between MS and SCI patients was significant (t-test p=0.006 and p=0.004).
Conclusion
The increased dosage in MS patients compared with patients diagnosed with SCI probably reflects the progressive disease course. The need for a large dosage increase in patients with SCI suggests possible pump failure, triggering factors for spasticity or progressive spinal disease.

Citations

• Quality of life of individuals with intrathecal baclofen pump therapy
  Abdulaziz Al Mosallam, Ahmad Zaheer Qureshi, Anas J. AlSaleh
  The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 8(2): 50.     CrossRef
• Intrathecal baclofen therapy in patients with spastic paraplegia: retrospective evaluation of pretreatment drugs, test dosage, dose increments and final therapy
  Stephan Kurz, Linda Maria Marth, Christoph-Heinrich Hoffmann, Jonas Hermann Maria Kummerant, Frederik Wilhelm Schneckmann
  Brain and Spine.2025; 5: 104323.     CrossRef
• Intrathecal baclofen therapy in spinal cord injury: Referral patterns, dosing trends, and long-term complications
  Radha Korupolu, Melanie Quoilin, Benjamin Ballard, Jacob Frentzen
  The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
• Scar Tissue Catheter Tip Occlusion From an Intrathecal Baclofen Delivery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
  James W Leiphart, Thaddeus J Leiphart
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Spasticity Management after Spinal Cord Injury: The Here and Now
  Zackery J. Billington, Austin M. Henke, David R. Gater
  Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(5): 808.     CrossRef
• Results of Intrathecal Baclofen Treatment in Sixteen Spasticity Patients According to Four Different Measurement Scales: A Retrospective Analysis
  Hasan Burak Gündüz
  Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect of decreased Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) and hand grip strength on functional recovery in subacute ambulatory stroke patients.
Methods
Subacute stroke patients who were referred to the rehabilitation center were recruited. Decreased SMI and hand grip strength were diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. Diagnostic criteria were decreased SMI and decreased unaffected hand grip strength. SMI was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Unaffected hand grip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. Patients were divided into two groups, decreased group (DG) and not-decreased group (NDG), according to the presence of decreased SMI and hand grip strength. Both groups received conventional stroke rehabilitation for 3 weeks. All patients were evaluated at the baseline and at 3 weeks after treatment. Functional status was evaluated with 4-meter walk test (4MWT), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI).
Results
Both groups showed improvement in 4MWT, TUG, and MBI. NDG showed improvement in 6MWT. Comparing improvements between the two groups, NDG showed more improvement in 6MWT and TUG than DG.
Conclusion
The presence of decreased SMI and hand grip strength had negative effects on functional recovery in subacute ambulatory stroke patients.

Citations

• Prevalence of Stroke‐Related Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
  Lavinia Pereira dos Santos, Bruna Machado Staico, Anna Balsamão Vaz, Ana Carolina Joviano Galvão, Ana Luiza Miranda de Oliveira, Maria Clara Ferreira, Amanda Leopoldino, Janaíne Cunha Polese
  Physiotherapy Research International.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Optimized transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia with small electrodes: a double-blind, randomized, feasibility study protocol
  TaeYeong Kim, Hae-Yeon Park, Sung-Hwa Ko, Yeun Jie Yoo, Hanna Jang, Hyun Mi Oh, Mi-Jeong Yoon, Geun-Young Park, Donghyeon Kim, Tae-Woo Kim, Sun Im
  Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Validity and Reliability of the InGrip® Load-Cell Handgrip Dynamometer Compared With the Takei Handgrip Dynamometer in Healthy Adults and Patients With Stroke
  Byung Joo Lee, Hyeon-Taek Hong, Ga Hui Yu, Kyoung Tae Kim
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Physical Performance as a Predictor of Length of Hospital Stay in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery: A Multicenter Prospective Study
  Wararat Tavonudomgit, Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat, Lucksanaporn Mahawong, Khanistha Wattanananont, Chitima Kulchanarat, Sasipa Buranapuntalug, Opas Satdhabudha
  Medical Sciences.2026; 14(2): 334.     CrossRef
• Association of Sarcopenia at Admission with Physical Performance at Discharge in Older Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
  Yuto Kameyama, Ryota Ashizawa, Hiroya Honda, Koki Take, Kohei Yoshizawa, Ichiro Fujishima, Tomohisa Ohno, Kenjiro Kunieda, Takashi Shigematsu, Shintaro Iio, Yoshinobu Yoshimoto
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2026; 11: n/a.     CrossRef
• Usefulness of body composition assessment by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in subacute post-stroke patients in rehabilitation
  Alessandro Guerrini, Mariacristina Siotto, Carola Cocco, Marco Germanotta, Valeria Cipollini, Laura Cortellini, Arianna Pavan, Stefania Lattanzi, Sabina Insalaco, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Irene Giovanna Aprile
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Osteosarcopenia in Patients With Acute Stroke
  Kyoung Tae Kim, Soyoung Lee, Jang Hyuk Cho, Yongmin Choi
  American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2025; 104(2): 101.     CrossRef
• Clinical Significance of Sarcopenia Defined by the Cross-Sectional Area of the Masseter Muscle in Cerebrovascular Events: A Retrospective Cohort Study
  Fatih Seğmen, Semih Aydemir, Temel Kayan, Firdevs Tuğba Bozkurt Biçer, Cihangir Doğu, Esra Yakışık Aktekin, Deniz Erdem, Elif Uzun Ata
  Medicina.2025; 61(2): 268.     CrossRef
• Eating difficulties among Nigerian community-dwelling stroke survivors: prevalence, correlates, and association with quality of life
  Adekola B. Ademoyegun, Adebukola G. Ibitoye, Wasiu A. Rasaq, Oluwafunmilayo A. Adeniyi, David O. Fabuluje, Israel A. Ojo, Taofeek O. Awotidebe, Chidozie E. Mbada
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Role of sarcopenia in Temporal progression trajectory of cardiometabolic diseases: a prospective study in UK biobank
  Yi Xiao, Chen Zhu, Xunjie Cheng, Qun Huang, Tianqi Ma, Yongping Bai
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Phase angle is a predictor of functional outcomes at discharge in patients with acute ischemic stroke
  Hiroshi Ohmae, Shin Kondo, Takashi Saito, Wataru Sano, Yuka Sugiyama, Ayane Tomari, Motomu Kamada, Yuka Nakanowatari, Maki Fujimoto, Megumi Yamada, Nori Sato, Kimiko Umemura, Ryoma Morigaki, Yasushi Takagi, Tetsuya Matsuura
  The Journal of Medical Investigation.2025; 72(1.2): 148.     CrossRef
• Combined Effect of tDCS and GRASP for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Stroke: A Clinical and Accelerometric Pilot Study
  Erica Grange, Rachele Di Giovanni, Fabio Giuseppe Masuccio, Virginia Tipa, Luca Dileo, Alessandra Bordino, Micaela Porta, Bruno Leban, Martina Rolla, Massimiliano Pau, Claudio Marcello Solaro
  Sensors.2025; 25(16): 4907.     CrossRef
• The relationship between stroke-related sarcopenia and 3-month neurological outcome in stroke patients: a prospective cohort study
  Aiguo Zhang, Sunwen You, Jianning Xia, Xiangzhi Shao, Xinyu Pu, Jiacheng Zhang, Xinming Wu, Jinyihui Zheng, Dengchong Wu, Bing Chen, Lielie Zhu
  BMC Geriatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Detection of skeletal muscle loss using ultrasound and its association with the plasma C-terminal agrin fragment biomarker in acute ischemic stroke patients in the neurological intensive care unit
  Nesibe Büşra Fidantek, Eşref Akıl, Ayfer Ertekin, Hamza Gültekin, Aysun Ekinci, Mehmet Uğur Çevik, Mehmet Ufuk Aluçlu
  Clinical Science of Nutrition.2025; 7(3): 169.     CrossRef
• Impact of sarcopenia on functional and cognitive recovery in Caucasian post-stroke patients following rehabilitation
  Alessandro Guerrini, Mariacristina Siotto, Alessio Fasano, Carola Cocco, Marco Germanotta, Valeria Cipollini, Laura Cortellini, Arianna Pavan, Stefania Lattanzi, Sabina Insalaco, Erika Antonacci, Elisabetta Ruco, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Irene Giovanna Apri
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Risk prediction models for post-stroke sarcopenia: A systematic review and appraisal
  Ting Wu, Hui Si, Weixiang Luo, Sijia Zhou, Julan Xiao, Xiufen Yang
  Cure & Care.2025; 1(2): 100025.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Application to Prevent Recurrent Stroke by Enhancing Self-management on Health Outcomes for Stroke Survivors
  Young Ju Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Hyun Goo Kang
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(1): 53.     CrossRef
• Muscle quality improvement in subacute post-stroke patients after rehabilitation: Usefulness of segmental phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis
  Alessandro Guerrini, Mariacristina Siotto, Marco Germanotta, Valeria Cipollini, Laura Cortellini, Arianna Pavan, Sabina Insalaco, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Irene Aprile
  Clinical Nutrition.2024; 43(1): 224.     CrossRef
• Exploratory analysis using machine learning algorithms to predict pinch strength by anthropometric and socio-demographic features
  Sajjad Rostamzadeh, Alireza Abouhossein, Khurshid Alam, Shahram Vosoughi, Seyedeh Sousan Sattari
  International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.2024; 30(2): 518.     CrossRef
• Hydroxytyrosol, a Promising Supplement in the Management of Human Stroke: An Exploratory Study
  Ángela Naranjo, M. Josefa Álvarez-Soria, Pilar Aranda-Villalobos, Ana M. Martínez-Rodríguez, Esther Martínez-Lara, Eva Siles
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(9): 4799.     CrossRef
• Association of Characteristics between Acute Stroke Patients and Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Study
  So-Yeong Kim, Byeong-Geun Kim, Se-Ju Park
  Exercise Science.2024; 33(2): 216.     CrossRef
• Sex difference, proteostasis and mitochondrial function impact stroke-related sarcopenia—A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Chien-Yu Huang, Yu-Huei Liu
  Ageing Research Reviews.2024; 101: 102484.     CrossRef
• Effect of Sarcopenia on Functional Recovery in Acute Stroke Patients Admitted for Standard Rehabilitation Program
  So-Yeong Kim, Woon-Su Cho, Chi-Bok Park, Byeong-Geun Kim
  Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1716.     CrossRef
• Effects of muscle strength exercise on muscle mass and muscle strength in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ah-Young Choi, Jae-Hyun Lim, Byeong-Geun Kim
  Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2024; 20(5): 146.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Xiang He, Xiping Shen, Tingting Yang, Guifen Ma, Jinhan Nan, Juanjuan Feng, Fanghong Yan, Cuilian Wang, Lin Han, Yanan Zhang, Yuxia Ma
  Neurosurgical Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Body Cell Mass from Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Patients with Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation
  Alessandro Guerrini, Mariacristina Siotto, Marco Germanotta, Mirko Schirru, Arianna Pavan, Valeria Cipollini, Sabina Insalaco, Irene Aprile
  Applied Sciences.2023; 13(6): 3965.     CrossRef
• Impact of skeletal muscle mass on functional prognosis in acute stroke: A cohort study
  Keisuke Honma, Yosuke Honda, Masahiro Nagase, Yuta Nakao, Tetsuya Harada, Naoki Sasanuma, Yuki Uchiyama, Norihiko Kodama, Kazuhisa Domen
  Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2023; 112: 43.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia in patients following stroke: Prevalence and associated factors
  Rio Ikeji, Masafumi Nozoe, Miho Yamamoto, Haruka Seike, Hiroki Kubo, Shinichi Shimada
  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2023; 233: 107910.     CrossRef
• Comparison of two handgrip dynamometers in older adults before elective surgery
  Maricarmen S. Andrade, Macarena P. Honorato, Javiera P. Vargas, María de los Angeles Galvez, Mariana R. Rojas
  Perioperative Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association Between Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Falls in Patients With Functional Impairment
  Hideki Arai, Masafumi Nozoe, Kuniyasu Kamiya, Satoru Matsumoto, Takeshi Morimoto
  American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2023; 102(10): 913.     CrossRef
• Impact of Sarcopenia on Functional Outcomes Among Patients With Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Retrospective Study
  Hyungwoo Lee, Il Hyung Lee, JoonNyung Heo, Minyoul Baik, Hyungjong Park, Hye Sun Lee, Hyo Suk Nam, Young Dae Kim
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of combined locomotor training and aerobic exercise on increasing handgrip strength in elderly with locomotive syndrome: A randomised controlled trial
  Ajeng Hayu Nayasista, Damayanti Tinduh, Putu I Alit Pawana, Sri Mardjiati Mei Wulan, Dwikora Novembri Utomo, Melaniani Soenarnatalina
  Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Possible Sarcopenia and Its Association with Nutritional Status, Dietary Intakes, Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life among Older Stroke Survivors
  Hui Jie Wong, Sakinah Harith, Pei Lin Lua, Khairul Azmi Ibrahim
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2022; 26(2): 162.     CrossRef
• Predictive ability of hand-grip strength and muscle mass on functional prognosis in patients rehabilitating from stroke
  Tatsuya Matsushita, Shinta Nishioka, Anna Yamanouchi, Yuka Okazaki, Kana Oishi, Ryusei Nakashima, Yoshiharu Tokunaga, Shinya Onizuka
  Nutrition.2022; 102: 111724.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia and nervous system disorders
  Jie Yang, Feifei Jiang, Ming Yang, Zhizhi Chen
  Journal of Neurology.2022; 269(11): 5787.     CrossRef
• Does grip strength of the less-affected side of ischemic stroke survivors influences performance of self-care activities?
  Adekola Babatunde Ademoyegun, Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada, Oluwatobi Ademola Sonuga, Oluwatobi Elijah Malomo, Wasiu Abiodun Fatai, Ishanosen Abidemi Aghedo
  Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Aging after stroke: how to define post-stroke sarcopenia and what are its risk factors?
  Sheng LI, Javier GONZALEZ-BUONOMO, Jaskiran GHUMAN, Xinran HUANG, Aila MALIK, Nuray YOZBATIRAN, Elaine MAGAT, Gerard E. FRANCISCO, Hulin WU, Walter R. FRONTERA
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship between Nutritional Status, Food Consumption and Sarcopenia in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Preliminary Data
  Mariacristina Siotto, Marco Germanotta, Alessandro Guerrini, Simona Pascali, Valeria Cipollini, Laura Cortellini, Elisabetta Ruco, Yeganeh Manon Khazrai, Laura De Gara, Irene Aprile
  Nutrients.2022; 14(22): 4825.     CrossRef
• Stroke-Related Sarcopenia among Two Different Developing Countries with Diverse Ethnic Backgrounds (Cross-National Study in Egypt and China)
  Marwa Mohammed, Jianan Li
  Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2336.     CrossRef
• Validity of calf circumference for estimating skeletal muscle mass for Asian patients after stroke
  Shinta Nishioka, Anna Yamanouchi, Tatsuya Matsushita, Emi Nishioka, Natsumi Mori, Shiori Taguchi
  Nutrition.2021; 82: 111028.     CrossRef
• Measuring and Monitoring Skeletal Muscle Mass after Stroke: A Review of Current Methods and Clinical Applications
  Nobuto Nakanishi, Kazuki Okura, Masatsugu Okamura, Keishi Nawata, Ayato Shinohara, Kohei Tanaka, Sho Katayama
  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2021; 30(6): 105736.     CrossRef
• Association between hand grip strength and stroke in China: a prospective cohort study
  Guihao Liu, Yunlian Xue, Sheng Wang, Yuhu Zhang, Qingshan Geng
  Aging.2021; 13(6): 8204.     CrossRef
• A Path to Precision Medicine: Incorporating Blood-Based Biomarkers in Stroke Rehabilitation
  Byung-Mo Oh
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(5): 341.     CrossRef
• How Does Stroke Affect Skeletal Muscle? State of the Art and Rehabilitation Perspective
  Valentina Azzollini, Stefania Dalise, Carmelo Chisari
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence of stroke-related sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ya Su, Michiko Yuki, Mika Otsuki
  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2020; 29(9): 105092.     CrossRef
• Stroke and Sarcopenia
  Manuel F. Mas, Javier González, Walter R. Frontera
  Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports.2020; 8(4): 452.     CrossRef

Objective
To compare balance performance and lower limb muscle strength between older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with and without sensory impairments and non-DM groups. Influence of a number of sensory impairments, and muscle strength on balance performance were explored.
Methods
Ninety-two older adults with and without type 2 DM, were examined relative to visual function with the Snellen chart, Melbourne Edge test, and Howard-Dolman test, vestibular function with the modified Romberg test, proprioception of the big toe, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Balance performances were evaluated with the Romberg test, Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Strength of knee and ankle muscles was measured.
Results
FRT of type 2 DM groups with at least two sensory impairments, was lower than the non-DM group (p<0.05). TUG of all DM groups, was worse than the non-DM group (p<0.01). Lower limb muscle strength of type 2 DM groups with two and three sensory impairments, was weaker than non-DM group (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that type 2 DM with three sensory impairments, ankle dorsiflexors strength, and age were influential predictors of TUG.
Conclusion
There were significant differences, of muscle strength and balance performance among groups. Poorer balance and reduced lower limb strength were marked in older adults with type 2 DM, even ones without sensory impairment. Muscle weakness seemed to progress, from the distal part of lower limbs. A greater number of sensory impairments, weaker dorsiflexors, and advanced age influenced balance performance.

Citations

• Examination of Physical Fitness and Nutritional Status in Geriatric Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  Özge Cemali, Mustafa Cemali, Özgün Elmas, Zafer Erden
  Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics.2026; 44(1): 36.     CrossRef
• Reduced Balance Confidence Significantly Mediates Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior and Effectiveness of Balance Training in Older Adults With Type II Diabetes
  Szu-Ping Lee, Kian Habashi, Thomas Iida, Hui-Ting Shih, Lung-Chang Chien, Peter G. Kaufman, Carolee J. Winstein
  Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy.2026; 49(1): 17.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Protective Sensation on Functional Capacity, Peripheral Muscle Strength, and Balance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  Melis Usul, Semiramis Ozyilmaz, Muhammed Tunc, Ozlem Toluk
  Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association.2026; 116(1): 10.     CrossRef
• Diabetes-Related Balance Impairment in the Aging Population: A Combined NHANES and Mendelian Randomization Study
  Kai Cheng, Sodiq Fakorede, Olubodun M. Lateef, Okikiola Samuel Fakorede, Deqiang Wang, Xia Liu, Dan Wang
  Gerontology.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
• Effects of Wearable Vibration Therapy on Foot Perfusion, Neuropathy, and Wound Healing in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review
  Yuli Widyastuti, Sidik Awaludin
  Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ).2026; 11(1): 63.     CrossRef
• People with Long Covid and ME/CFS Exhibit Similarly Impaired Balance and Physical Capacity: A Case-Case-Control Study
  Lawrence D. Hayes, Nilihan E.M. Sanal-Hayes, Marie Mclaughlin, Ethan C.J. Berry, Nicholas F. Sculthorpe
  The American Journal of Medicine.2025; 138(1): 140.     CrossRef
• People with Long COVID and ME/CFS Exhibit Similarly Impaired Dexterity and Bimanual Coordination: A Case-Case-Control Study
  Nilihan E.M. Sanal-Hayes, Lawrence D. Hayes, Marie Mclaughlin, Ethan C.J. Berry, Nicholas F. Sculthorpe
  The American Journal of Medicine.2025; 138(5): 893.     CrossRef
• Impact of Physical Activity on Diabetes Symptoms and Balance in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Adults: A Comparative Study
  Serpil Mıhçıoğlu, Mehtap Malkoç, İlker Yatar
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predictors of Quality of Life Among Older Residents in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: An Approach Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
  Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Chutima Jalayondeja, Wattana Jalayondeja, Yusuf Alam Romadon
  Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(2): 199.     CrossRef
• Assessment of Pain, Frailty, Fear of Falling, and Kinesiophobia in Older Adults With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  Mustafa Cemali, Demet Öztürk, Mustafa Sarı, A. Ayşe Karaduman
  Journal of Aging and Physical Activity.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
• Is Balance Training Using the Stabilometric Platforms Integrating Virtual Reality and Feedback Effective for Patients with Non-Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?—A Systematic Review
  Diana-Maria Stanciu, Oana-Georgiana Cernea, Laszlo Irsay, Viorela-Mihaela Ciortea, Mădălina-Gabriela Iliescu, Mihaela Stanciu, Florina-Ligia Popa
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(22): 8049.     CrossRef
• Association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and lower limb muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
  Yuki Nakashima, Hisashi Maeda, Toshihiro Kawae, Shunsuke Taito, Daisuke Iwaki, Tomoya Hirai, Kiyo Ueda, Yukio Mikami
  Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2025; 16(11): 2048.     CrossRef
• Association between intrinsic capacity and sarcopenia in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
  Chia-Ling Lin, Hsueh-Ching Wu, Neng-Chun Yu, Yuan-Ching Liu, Chia-Ling Wu, Wu-Chien Chien
  Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The effects of local calf vibration on balance, blood flow, and nerve conductivity in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study
  Hamid R. Fateh, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari, Mahsa Sabziparvar, Sara Naybandi, Soofia Naghdi, Roshanak Honarpishe
  Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2024; 40(7): 1397.     CrossRef
• Balance performance, falls-efficacy and social participation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without vestibular dysfunction
  Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Mantana Vongsirinavarat, Vimonwan Hiengkaew, Nantinee Nualnim
  PeerJ.2024; 12: e17287.     CrossRef
• Impact of Glycemic Control on Shoulder Proprioception in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mediating the Connection - Insights from a Cross-Sectional Analysis
  Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Adel Alshahrani, Saud F Alsubaie
  Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 3043.     CrossRef
• Romberg's test revisited: Changes in classical and advanced sway metrics in patients with pure sensory neuropathy
  Evangelos Anagnostou, Maria Kouvli, Evangelia Karagianni, Anastasia Gamvroula, Theodosis Kalamatianos, George Stranjalis, Maria Skoularidou
  Neurophysiologie Clinique.2024; 54(5): 102999.     CrossRef
• Balance, Gait, Functionality and Fall Occurrence in Adults and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Peripheral Neuropathy
  Natália Maria Bezerra Tavares, Jonathânya Marques Silva, Mayra Darlene Morato da Silva, Letícia Danielly Tenório Silva, Jackson Nascimento de Souza, Lucas Ithamar, Maria Cristina Falcão Raposo, Renato S. Melo
  Clinics and Practice.2024; 14(5): 2044.     CrossRef
• Knee proprioception, muscle strength, and stability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A cross-sectional study
  Khalid A. Alahmari, Ravi Shankar Reddy
  Heliyon.2024; 10(20): e39270.     CrossRef
• The Effect of BMI on Risk of Fall Using Berg Balance Scale in Middle Age Patients with Type-2 Diabetes
  Rashi Agrawal, Sana Rai, Suvarna Ganvir
  Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health.2024; : 55.     CrossRef
• Plantar fascia stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Stiffness effect on fall risk and gait speed
  Rumeysa Çakici, Tülay Çevik Saldiran, İlke Kara, Hasan Açik
  The Foot.2023; 56: 102020.     CrossRef
• Calf cutaneous stimulation generates reflexes in the thigh that can be modified by subthreshold noisy vibration
  Emma B. Plater, Tushar Sharma, Ryan M. Peters, Leah R. Bent
  Journal of Neurophysiology.2023; 130(1): 199.     CrossRef
• Effects of supervised structured exercise program on postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes
  Aarti Popaliya, Chaitali Shah
  Journal of Diabetology.2023; 14(4): 256.     CrossRef
• The effect of exercise therapy on balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review
  Narges Jahantigh Akbari, Sedigheh Sadat Naimi
  Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2022; 21(2): 1861.     CrossRef
• Foot and ankle characteristics associated with fear of falling and mobility in community‐dwelling older people: a cross‐sectional study
  Fateme Pol, Zahra Khajooei, Sayed Mohsen Hosseini, Alireza Taheri, Saeed Forghany, Hylton B. Menz
  Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies
  Guido Felicetti, Philippe Thoumie, Manh‐Cuong Do, Marco Schieppati
  Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System.2021; 26(1): 17.     CrossRef
• Wearable Focal Muscle Vibration on Pain, Balance, Mobility, and Sensation in Individuals with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Pilot Study
  Raghuveer Chandrashekhar, Hongwu Wang, Carol Dionne, Shirley James, Jenni Burzycki
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(5): 2415.     CrossRef
• Risk of non-vertebral fractures in men with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
  Yang Gao, Fang Chai
  Experimental Gerontology.2021; 150: 111378.     CrossRef
• Effects of physical-cognitive training on physical and psychological functions among older adults with type 2 diabetes and balance impairment: a randomized controlled trial
  Ratchanok Kraiwong, Mantana Vongsirinavarat, Maliwan Rueankam, Thanayot Sumalrot
  Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2021; 17(2): 120.     CrossRef
• Remote Subthreshold Stimulation Enhances Skin Sensitivity in the Lower Extremity
  Emma B. Plater, Vivian S. Seto, Ryan M. Peters, Leah R. Bent
  Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fear of Falling, Lower Extremity Strength, and Physical and Balance Performance in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
  Mantana Vongsirinavarat, Witaya Mathiyakom, Ratchanok Kraiwong, Vimonwan Hiengkaew
  Journal of Diabetes Research.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
• Association of disease duration and sensorimotor function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: beyond diabetic peripheral neuropathy
  Neha Khan, Irshad Ahmad, Majumi M. Noohu
  Somatosensory & Motor Research.2020; 37(4): 326.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect of adding Nordic exercise as post-training in decreasing hamstring initial, recurrent injuries rates, and their severity.
Methods
In this randomly controlled trial study, 34 professional football players aged 21 to 35 years were randomly assigned into two groups (17 players each) from Sporting clubs at Alexandria, Egypt. For group one, Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) was performed pre-training and post-training. For group two, NHE was only performed pre-training. The control group was the same team during the previous season. Length of the trial was 12 weeks. The Australian football association injury form was used to collect incidence of injuries for each subject in both groups.
Results
Pooled results based on total injuries showed that group one had significantly less hamstring initial injuries (92% less) than the previous season, while group two had 80% less initial injuries and 85% less recurrent injuries than previous season. Regarding the severity of injuries in term of mean number of absent days, it was 1 day for group one and 2.7 days for group two while it was 7.95 days for the previous season during total risk time of 116.3±13.2 and 117.6±5.7 exposure hours for group one and group two, respectively.
Conclusion
The use of NHE as a prevention protocol was effective in reducing all hamstring injuries with the use of NHE during pre-training and post-training having the greatest effect.

Citations

• Strengthening football: The role of the nordic hamstring exercise in preventing hamstring injuries
  Roberto Tedeschi, Giacomo Farì, Federica Giorgi, Daniela Platano, Lisa Berti, Andrea Bernetti, Danilo Donati
  Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2026; 39(4): 1137.     CrossRef
• A Video Analysis Study Examining Neuromuscular Training Warm-Up Practices in Youth Soccer
  Destiny Lutz, Carla van den Berg, Matthew G. Neill, Jean-Michel Galarneau, Oluwatoyosi B. A. Owoeye, Kati Pasanen, Kathryn J. Schneider, Carolyn A. Emery
  Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Intervention components, training dose, and adherence in exercise-based prevention of hamstring strain injury in football: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Jinfa Gu, Yan Li, Yinhao Wang, Yu Zhang
  Annals of Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The influence of 4-week eccentric Nordic hamstring exercise training on postural balance and muscle strength: A randomized controlled trial
  Magdalena Podczarska-Głowacka, Ewelina Perzanowska, Katarzyna Krasowska, Zuzanna Trapik, Agata Kalkowska, Sebastian Klich, Julio Alejandro Henriques Castro da Costa
  PLOS One.2025; 20(6): e0315459.     CrossRef
• Hamstring Injury Mechanisms and Eccentric Training-Induced Muscle Adaptations: Current Insights and Future Directions
  Max H. Andrews, Anthony J. Shield, Glen A. Lichtwark, Patricio A. Pincheira
  Sports Medicine.2025; 55(10): 2429.     CrossRef
• Weekly Programming of Hamstring-Related Training Contents in European Professional Soccer
  Pedro Gómez-Piqueras, Antonio Martínez-Serrano, Tomás T. Freitas, Antonio Gómez Díaz, Irineu Loturco, Enric Giménez, Joao Brito, David García-López, Hernan Giuria, Paulino Granero-Gil, Shaun Huygaerts, Francesc Cos, Julio Calleja-González, Emmanuel Vallan
  Sports.2024; 12(3): 73.     CrossRef
• Acute effects of Nordic hamstring exercise on hip and knee joints proprioception
  Mohsen Sadeghi, Mohammad H. Alizadeh, Hooman Minoonejad
  Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2024; 39: 382.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the Effects of Pilates and Yoga Exercise on the Dynamic Balancing Ability and Functional Movement of Fencers
  So-Jung Lim, Hyun-Jin Kim, Yong-Soo Kim, Eunkuk Kim, Inyoung Hwang, Ju-Seop Kang
  Life.2024; 14(5): 635.     CrossRef
• Implementing the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise and Nordic Hamstring Exercise in West African Academy Soccer Players: An Intervention Study
  Matthew D DeLang, Lasse Ishøi, Maren Nielsen Hole, Prince Wilson, Michael Segbefia, Kristian Thorborg
  International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparing activity of the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles in fatigue conditions between hamstring injury-experienced and inexperienced individuals
  Sirinda Jaotawipart, Hironobu Kuruma, Takuya Matsumoto, Shunsuke Tsutsumi, Hikari Takashina, Nene Iwamoto, Minjoon Kim
  Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2024; 40: 1693.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of different weekly frequencies of nordic hamstring exercise on performance and injury-associated factors in intermittent sports athletes: protocol of a randomised clinical trial
  Gianfranco Sganzerla, Rodrigo Luiz Carregaro, Paula Felippe Martinez, Silvio Assis de Oliveira-Junior
  European Journal of Physiotherapy.2023; 25(4): 223.     CrossRef
• Effects of Different Hamstring Eccentric Exercise Programs on Preventing Lower Extremity Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Chenxi Hu, Zhikun Du, Mei Tao, Yafeng Song
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2057.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Nordic Hamstring Strength and Single Leg Bridge Test in University Soccer Players
  Yuta Murakami, Satoru Nishida, Riku Yoshida, Kazuki Kasahara, Akira Kumazaki, Hirokazu Sakuma, Hirosi Fujimoto, Yuki Kaneko, Otoka Abe, Masatoshi Nakamura
  Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.2023; : 1.     CrossRef
• Eccentric force and electromyogram comparison between the eccentric phase of the Nordic hamstring exercise and the razor hamstring curl
  Yuta Murakami, Satoru Nishida, Kaziki Kasahara, Riku Yoshida, Ryo Hayakawa, Masatoshi Nakamura, Esedullah Akaras
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(12): e0293938.     CrossRef
• Hamstring Strain Injury in Athletes
  Robroy L. Martin, Michael T. Cibulka, Lori A. Bolgla, Thomas A. Koc, Janice K. Loudon, Robert C. Manske, Leigh Weiss, John J. Christoforetti, Bryan C. Heiderscheit
  Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.2022; 52(3): CPG1.     CrossRef
• Quo Vadis Nordic Hamstring Exercise-Related Research?—A Scoping Review Revealing the Need for Improved Methodology and Reporting
  Tobias Alt, Jannik Severin, Marcus Schmidt
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11225.     CrossRef
• Efectividad de los ejercicios nórdicos sobre la incidencia de lesiones de isquiotibiales en futbolistas profesionales y amateur masculinos entre los 15 y 41 años. Revisión sistemática
  DM Tumiñá-Ospina, Y Rivas-Campo, PA García-Garro, A Gómez-Rodas, Diego Fernando Afanador
  Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte.2022; 11(3): 47.     CrossRef
• The Hamstrings: Anatomic and Physiologic Variations and Their Potential Relationships With Injury Risk
  José Afonso, Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues, Filipe M. Clemente, Michele Aquino, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, Hugo Sarmento, Alberto Fílter, Jesús Olivares-Jabalera, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
  Frontiers in Physiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Hamstring Strain Injury (HSI) Prevention in Professional and Semi-Professional Football Teams: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Carlo Biz, Pietro Nicoletti, Giovanni Baldin, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Alberto Crimì, Pietro Ruggieri
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(16): 8272.     CrossRef
• Why methods matter in a meta-analysis: a reappraisal showed inconclusive injury preventive effect of Nordic hamstring exercise
  Franco M. Impellizzeri, Alan McCall, Maarten van Smeden
  Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2021; 140: 111.     CrossRef
• Exercise-Based Strategies to Prevent Muscle Injury in Elite Footballers: A Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis
  Maurizio Fanchini, Ida Bo Steendahl, Franco M. Impellizzeri, Ricard Pruna, Gregory Dupont, Aaron J. Coutts, Tim Meyer, Alan McCall
  Sports Medicine.2020; 50(9): 1653.     CrossRef
• No relationship between the nordic hamstring and two different isometric strength tests to assess hamstring muscle strength in professional soccer players
  Víctor Moreno-Pérez, Alberto Méndez-Villanueva, Aitor Soler, Juan Del Coso, Javier Courel-Ibáñez
  Physical Therapy in Sport.2020; 46: 97.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect of physical therapy (PT) intervention on spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP), and to assess the degree of deterioration of spasticity when regular PT is interrupted in those patients.
Methods
We recruited 35 children with spastic CP who visited our hospital for PT, and whose Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) scores were serially recorded including before and after a 10-day public holiday time frame period. The outcome measures were the angle of range of motion (ROM) of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint (R1 and R2) in the knee flexion and extension positions as assessed using the MTS.
Results
The range of dorsiflexion of the ankle joint (R1 and R2) after the holiday period was significantly decreased as compared with that measured ROM noted before the holiday period, regardless of the knee position, age, or gross motor function. The dynamic component of the MTS (R2–R1) showed a slight decrease in the knee flexion position.
Conclusion
Interruption of regular PT aggravated spasticity and decreased ankle joint ROM in children with spastic CP. Our findings suggest that regular PT in the care continuum for children with CP is crucial for the maintenance of ROM in the spastic ankle joints.

Citations

• Effect of leg pedaling exercise from an inclined position on functional ability and strength in children with diplegia
  Amira F. El-Sheikh, Alaa B. Hassan, Nanees E. Mohamed
  Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2025; 20(1): 73.     CrossRef
• Nonsurgical Therapies for Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Network Meta-Analysis
  Yike Xu, Dongmei Zhuang, Fenglan Chen, Lijun Ma, He Du, Anran Jin, Jingyi He, Wen Chen, Lingkun Jin, Yaqun Hu, Han Gu, Jiali Zhu, Xiaoming Li
  Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• FEATURES OF PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC DIPLEGIA
  Yuliia V. Antonova-Rafi, Alona M. Chemeris
  Clinical and Preventive Medicine.2025; (8): 163.     CrossRef
• F‐words and early intervention ingredients for non‐ambulant children with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
  Ana Carolina De Campos, Álvaro Hidalgo‐Robles, Egmar Longo, Claire Shrader, Ginny Paleg
  Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2024; 66(1): 41.     CrossRef
• F‐words e ingredientes de las intervenciones tempranas dirigidas a niños no ambulantes con parálisis cerebral: Una revisión exploratoria
  Ana Carolina de Campos, Álvaro Hidalgo‐Robles, Egmar Longo, Claire Shrader, Ginny Paleg
  Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• F‐words e ingredientes das intervenções precoces para crianças com paralisia cerebral não deambuladoras: uma revisão de escopo
  Ana Carolina De Campos, Álvaro Hidalgo‐Robles, Egmar Longo, Claire Shrader, Ginny Paleg
  Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• F‐Wörter und Interventionsinhalte in der Frühförderung nicht gehfähiger Kinder mit Cerebralparese: eine umfangreiche Literaturübersicht
  Ana Carolina De Campos, Álvaro Hidalgo‐Robles, Egmar Longo, Claire Shrader, Ginny Paleg
  Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF A PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION PROGRAM IN A CASE WITH CONGENITAL CENTRAL HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME AND CEREBRAL PALSY: A CASE REPORT
  Mustafa Burak, Sinem Erturan, Bülent Elbasan
  Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2024; 33(1): 154.     CrossRef
• Effect of Whole-body Vibration on Muscle Tone, Function, and Quality of Life in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
  Hisham M. Hussein, Monira I. Aldhahi, Hand Zamel M. Alshammari, Salma Khamis S. Alshammari, Sarah Naif M. Alrashidi, Shahad Lafi M. Alreshidi, Mazin M. Al Ayasrah, Amsha Alhumaidi Alshammari, Khulood Khleiwi R. Altamimi, Ahmed M. Gabr, Abdulaziz Mohammed
  Journal of Disability Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Photo Bio-stimulation on Acupuncture Points: Impact on Selected Measures in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
  Hisham M. Hussein, Monira I. Aldhahi, Ahmed Abdelmoniem Ibrahim
  Journal of Disability Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• HIPPOTHERAPY IN CEREBRAL PALSY – SURVEY RESEARCH
  Włodzisław Kuliński, Emilia Gryl
  Wiadomości Lekarskie.2023; 76(5): 897.     CrossRef
• PHYSICAL THERAPY IN CEREBRAL PALSY. CLINICAL ASPECTS. CASE REPORT
  Włodzisław Kuliński, Ewa Adamczyk
  Acta Balneologica.2023; 65(4): 197.     CrossRef
• Needlepoints: Clinical approach to child living with cerebral palsy
  Michael M. Green, Heakyung Kim, Ruth Gauden, Adam Scheinberg, A. Sebastian Schroeder, Florian Heinen, Steffen Berweck, Bo Young Hong, Mark Gormley, Deborah Gaebler-Spira, Michael Green, Heakyung Kim
  Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 15(1): 91.     CrossRef
• CEREBRAL PALSY: CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS
  Włodzisław Kuliński, Magdalena Żukowska
  Wiadomości Lekarskie.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact on rehabilitation programs during COVID-19 containment for children with pediatric and perinatal stroke
  Marta Bertamino, Sara Cornaglia, Alice Zanetti, Alessia Di Rocco, Anna Ronchetti, Sara Signa, Mariasavina Severino, Paolo Moretti
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate duration of the treatment effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on spasticity levels measured with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) regardless of the patient group (stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy) and evaluate its spasticity-reducing effect depending on the number of shocks and site of application.
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from database inception to February 2018. Randomized controlled trials and cross-over trials were included. All participants had spasticity regardless of cause. ESWT was the main intervention and MAS score was the primary outcome. Among 122 screened articles, 9 trials met the inclusion criteria.
Results
The estimate of effect size showed statistically significant MAS grade reduction immediately after treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.00 to -0.13; p=0.012), 1 week after (SMD=-1.81; 95% CI, -3.07 to -0.55; p=0.005), 4 weeks after (SMD=-2.35; 95% CI, -3.66 to -1.05; p<0.001), and 12 weeks after (SMD=-1.07; 95% CI, -2.04 to -0.10; p=0.03). Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed for the ‘immediately after ESWT application’ group. The prediction equation obtained from metaregression was -1.0824+0.0002* (number of shocks), which was not statistically significant. Difference in MAS grade reduction depending on site of application was not statistically significant either in subgroup analysis (knee and ankle joints vs. elbow, wrist, and finger joints).
Conclusion
ESWT effectively reduced spasticity levels measured with MAS regardless of patient group. Its effect maintained for 12 weeks. The number of shocks or site of application had no significant influence on the therapeutic effect of ESWT in reducing spasticity. Ongoing trials with ESWT are needed to address optimal parameters of shock wave to reduce spasticity regarding intensity, frequency, and numbers.

Citations

• Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for post-stroke spasticity and dose-response analysis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Shu-Mei YANG, Shao-Yu CHEN, Kuan-Yu CHEN, Ting-Ju LAI, Meng-Ting LIN
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy of different frequencies of extracorporeal shockwave on plantar flexor spasticity of the ankle in patients with stroke: a single-center, prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial
  Meihua Ke, Peike Zhou, Dongxia Li, Weiji Kong, Congbai Xie, Yulong Wang, Zhongbo Wang, Jianjun Long
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Peripheral somatosensory stimulation for post-stroke spasticity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Yide WANG, Qianqian LIANG, Xiangpeng LI, Siming TAO, Rong BIAN
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Shockwave therapy in persons with a spinal cord injury and spasticity: A multiple single-case experimental design study
  Boris S.G. Hellenbrand, Charlotte C.M. van Laake – Geelen, Henk A.M. Seelen
  The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine.2025; 48(3): 429.     CrossRef
• Using Radial Shock Wave Therapy to Control Cerebral Palsy-Related Dysfunctions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Hisham Hussein, Ahmed Gabr, Monira Aldhahi, Amsha Alshammari, Hand Alshammari, Khulood Altamimi, Abdulaziz Alqahtani, Ibrahim Dewir, Shamekh El-Shamy, Ahmed Ibrahim
  International Journal of General Medicine.2025; Volume 18: 1439.     CrossRef
• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Spasticity
  Takatsugu Okamoto, Takumi Watanabe, Shogo Uemori
  The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 62(2): 131.     CrossRef
• Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Literature Review of Treatment Protocols and Outcome Measurement Parameters
  Mohammed A Khan, Nada M Aljohani, Saad A AlSehemi, Salma A Abdelhamid, Omar A Alahmadi, Abdulmajeed Y Altohami, Abdullah A Shweikan, Mohammad K Aljohani
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Spasticity Treatment Beyond Botulinum Toxins
  Sheng Li, Paul Winston, Manuel F. Mas
  Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America.2024; 35(2): 399.     CrossRef
• Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on spasticity, walking and quality of life in poststroke lower limb spasticity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Binash Afzal, Rabiya Noor, Nazia Mumtaz, Muhammad Salman Bashir
  International Journal of Neuroscience.2024; 134(12): 1503.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on patients with spastic cerebral palsy and Rett syndrome: clinical and ultrasonographic findings
  Ting-Yu Su, Yu-chi Huang, Jih-Yang Ko, Yi-Jung Hsin, Min-Yuan Yu, Pi-Lien Hung
  Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Modified Scoping Review
  Areerat Suputtitada, Supattana Chatromyen, Carl P. C. Chen, David M. Simpson
  Toxins.2024; 16(2): 98.     CrossRef
• Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for shoulder pain after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Tingyu Zhang, Cai Zhang
  Clinical Rehabilitation.2023; 37(6): 774.     CrossRef
• Spasticity evaluation and management tools
  Ileana M. Howard, Atul T. Patel
  Muscle & Nerve.2023; 67(4): 272.     CrossRef
• A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Stroke Patients: Balance, Pain, Spasticity
  Jung-Ho Lee, Eun-Ja Kim
  Medicina.2023; 59(5): 857.     CrossRef
• Comparative Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin Injections and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
  Po-Cheng Hsu, Ke-Vin Chang, Yi-Hsiang Chiu, Wei-Ting Wu, Levent Özçakar
  eClinicalMedicine.2022; 43: 101222.     CrossRef
• Optimizing extracorporeal shock wave with the orthogonal array design in the treatment of the spasticity of cerebral palsy
  Chuntao Zhang, Jixiang Cheng, Wenjian Zhao, Zhenhuan Liu, Xuguang Qian, Yong Zhao, Bingxu Jin, Yuan Zhou
  Journal of Neurorestoratology.2022; 10(2): 100004.     CrossRef
• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Spasticity After Upper Motor Neuron Injury
  Hui-Ling Zhang, Rong-Jiang Jin, Li Guan, Dong-Ling Zhong, Yu-Xi Li, Xiao-Bo Liu, Qi-Wei Xiao, Xi-Li Xiao, Juan Li
  American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2022; 101(7): 615.     CrossRef
• Treatment on patients with spastic cerebral palsy in the past 30 years: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis
  Dingfang Chen, Yuefeng Wu, HaiYing Li, Xue Pan, Jin Zhou
  Medicine.2022; 101(45): e30535.     CrossRef
• The effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on hemineglect following a stroke. A case report study
  Irem Onin, Hatice Kumru, Monserrat Bernabeu, Giuseppe Lucente
  International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal.2022; 7(3): 113.     CrossRef
• Assessments and Interventions for Spasticity in Infants With or at High Risk for Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
  Lauren Ayala, Sarah Winter, Rachel Byrne, Darcy Fehlings, Alison Gehred, Lisa Letzkus, Garey Noritz, Madison C.B. Paton, Lindsay Pietruszewski, Nathan Rosenberg, Kelly Tanner, Jilda Vargus-Adams, Iona Novak, Nathalie L. Maitre
  Pediatric Neurology.2021; 118: 72.     CrossRef
• The Current State of Knowledge on the Clinical and Methodological Aspects of Extracorporeal Shock Waves Therapy in the Management of Post-Stroke Spasticity—Overview of 20 Years of Experiences
  Józef Opara, Jakub Taradaj, Karolina Walewicz, Joanna Rosińczuk, Robert Dymarek
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(2): 261.     CrossRef
• Ondas de choque. Evidencias y recomendaciones SETOC (Sociedad Española de Tratamientos con Ondas de Choque)
  S. Ramon, A. Español, M. Yebra, J.M. Morillas, R. Unzurrunzaga, K. Freitag, S. Gómez, J.R. Aranzabal
  Rehabilitación.2021; 55(4): 291.     CrossRef
• Intrathecal baclofen, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of spasticity in cerebral palsy: a systematic review
  Amogh Kudva, Mickey E. Abraham, Justin Gold, Neal A. Patel, Julian L. Gendreau, Yehuda Herschman, Antonios Mammis
  Neurosurgical Review.2021; 44(6): 3209.     CrossRef
• Recent Advances in the Treatment of Spasticity: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy
  En Yang, Henry L. Lew, Levent Özçakar, Chueh-Hung Wu
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(20): 4723.     CrossRef
• Long-term Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Poststroke Spasticity: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  Gongwei Jia, Jingxi Ma, Sanrong Wang, Dandong Wu, Botao Tan, Ying Yin, Lang Jia, Li Cheng
  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2020; 29(3): 104591.     CrossRef
• The effectiveness and safety of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on spasticity after upper motor neuron injury
  Dan-Yang Liu, Dong-Ling Zhong, Juan Li, Rong-Jiang Jin
  Medicine.2020; 99(6): e18932.     CrossRef
• The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for improving upper limb spasticity and functionality in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Rosa Cabanas-Valdés, Pol Serra-Llobet, Pere Ramón Rodriguez-Rubio, Carlos López-de–Celis, Mercé Llauró-Fores, Jordi Calvo-Sanz
  Clinical Rehabilitation.2020; 34(9): 1141.     CrossRef
• Long-Term Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Lower Limb Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  Emanuela Elena Mihai, Luminita Dumitru, Ilie Valentin Mihai, Mihai Berteanu
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 10(1): 86.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine positive effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in conventional dysphagia therapy on masseter muscle oral dysfunction of patients after subacute stroke.
Methods
Among subacute stroke patients who were diagnosed as oropharyngeal dysphagia by videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS), those with oral dysfunction were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to a study group or a control group. The study group received NMES on masseter muscle and suprahyoid muscle simultaneously, while the control group received NMES only on suprahyoid muscle. NMES therapy session as applied 30 minutes each time, two times per day for a total of 20 sessions. Both groups received conventional dysphagia therapy for 2 weeks. All enrolled patients were evaluated by VFSS after 2 weeks. Oropharyngeal swallowing function was evaluated by Penetration-Aspiration Scale, Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS), and American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System swallowing scale based on results of VFSS.
Results
Patients were randomly assigned to the study group (n=20) or the control group (n=20). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or initial values between the two groups. After 2 weeks of NMES, both groups showed improvement in scores of total FDS and pharyngeal phase FDS. Additionally, the study group showed improvement in oral phase FDS. Changes in all measurements were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion
In this preliminary study, NMES for masseter muscle has a therapeutic effect on oral dysfunction of patients after subacute stroke.

Citations

• Dysphagia After Cosmetic Submandibular Gland Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection: A Case Report
  Seoyon Yang, You Gyoung Yi
  Healthcare.2026; 14(2): 235.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Combined Rehabilitation Approaches in Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  Ibrahim M. Alayaseh, Ponnusamy Subramaniam, Thanzeem Razak, Yaser S. Natour, Marissa A. Barrera, Shobha Sharma
  Dysphagia.2026; 41(3): 657.     CrossRef
• Neuromuscular-related interventions for post-stroke dysphagia: a comprehensive narrative review
  Muhan Zhou, Baoqiang Dong, Hongfei Zhou, Wei Zhang, Aihui Fu, Zhiqiang Sun, Xi Wu
  Frontiers in Neuroscience.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• EMG-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation for Central Facial Palsy Following Stroke: A Clinical Case Report
  Frauke Johannes, Anna Maria Pekacka-Egli, Simone Köhler, Andreas Disko, Jan von Meyenburg, Bartosz Bujan
  Brain Sciences.2025; 15(4): 410.     CrossRef
• Gum Chewing Exercise Synchronised With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation is Better Than Gum Chewing Exercise Alone for Improving Masticatory Function and Mucosal Moisture in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Dysphagia
  Ji‐Su Park, Jong‐Bae Choi, Na‐Kyoung Hwang
  Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2025; 52(9): 1420.     CrossRef
• Dysphagia after stroke: research advances in treatment interventions
  Bendix Labeit, Emilia Michou, Michaela Trapl-Grundschober, Sonja Suntrup-Krueger, Paul Muhle, Philip M Bath, Rainer Dziewas
  The Lancet Neurology.2024; 23(4): 418.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Swallowing Functions in Post-stroke Dysphagia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Elif Tarihci Cakmak, Ekin Ilke Sen, Can Doruk, Comert Sen, Selim Sezikli, Ayse Yaliman
  Dysphagia.2023; 38(3): 874.     CrossRef
• Effects of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yuhan Wang, Lu Xu, Linjia Wang, Minjiao Jiang, Ling Zhao
  Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Statistical Power and Swallowing Rehabilitation Research: Current Landscape and Next Steps
  James C. Borders, Alessandro A. Grande, Michelle S. Troche
  Dysphagia.2022; 37(6): 1673.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic Effect and Optimal Electrode Placement of Transcutaneous Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
  Thanh-Nhan Doan, Wen-Chao Ho, Liang-Hui Wang, Fei-Chun Chang, Trang Thi Quynh Tran, Li-Wei Chou
  Life.2022; 12(6): 875.     CrossRef
• The Facial Skin Blood Flow Change of Stroke Patients with Facial Paralysis after Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation: A Pilot Study
  Yongli Zhang, Shugeng Chen, Yinglu Ruan, Jiaying Lin, Chengdong Li, Chong Li, Shuo Xu, Zhijie Yan, Xiangyun Liu, Peng Miao, Jie Jia
  Brain Sciences.2022; 12(10): 1271.     CrossRef
• Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Masseter Muscle Thickness and Maximal Bite Force among Healthy Community-Dwelling Persons Aged 65 Years and Older: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
  Moon-Young Chang, Gihyoun Lee, Young-Jin Jung, Ji-Su Park
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(11): 3783.     CrossRef
• Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Synchronized with Chewing Exercises on Bite Force and Masseter Muscle Thickness in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in South Korea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Ji-Su Park, Young-Jin Jung, Min-Ji Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(13): 4902.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Different Application Parameters of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Dysphagia after a Stroke: A Systematic Review
  Isabel Diéguez-Pérez, Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(8): 2618.     CrossRef

• Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

  
  Abayneh Alamer, Haimanot Melese, Fetene Nigussie
  Clinical Interventions in Aging.2020; Volume 15: 1521.     CrossRef

Objective
To elucidate the effect of a 12-week horizontal vibration exercise (HVE) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients as compared to vertical vibration exercise (VVE).
Methods
Twenty-eight CLBP patients were randomly assigned to either the HVE or VVE group. All participants performed the exercise for 30 minutes each day, three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Altered pain and functional ability were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Changes in lumbar muscle strength, transverse abdominis (TrA) and multifidus muscle thicknesses, and standing balance were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, ultrasonography, and balance parameters, respectively. These assessments were evaluated prior to treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of treatment (that is, 16 weeks after the first treatment).
Results
According to the repeated-measures analysis of variance, there were significant improvements with time on VAS, ODI, standing balance score, lumbar flexor, and extensor muscle strength (all p<0.001 in both groups) without any significant changes in TrA (p=0.153 in HVE, p=0.561 in VVE group) or multifidus (p=0.737 in HVE, p=0.380 in VVE group) muscle thickness. Further, there were no significant differences between groups according to time in any of the assessments. No adverse events were noticed during treatment in either group.
Conclusion
HVE is as effective as VVE in reducing pain, strengthening the lumbar muscle, and improving the balance and functional abilities of CLBP patients. Vibrational exercise increases muscle strength without inducing muscle hypertrophy.

Citations

• Effects of whole-body vibration training on sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Jaewon Beom, Jae-Young Lim, Sang Yoon Lee
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review
  Franziska Remer, Mohammad Keilani, Philipp Kull, Richard Crevenna
  Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2025; 175(1-2): 20.     CrossRef
• Are changes in pain intensity related to changes in balance control in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Daniel K.Y. Zheng, Jae Q.J. Liu, Jeremy R. Chang, Jeffrey C.Y. Ng, Zhixing Zhou, Jinlong Wu, Chelsia K.C. Cheung, Frank F. Huang, Sabina M. Pinto, Dino Samartzis, Manuela L. Ferreira, Kanchana Ekanayake, Stephen Lord, Xueqiang Wang, Arnold Y.L. Wong
  Journal of Sport and Health Science.2025; 14: 100989.     CrossRef
• Reporting and incorporation of social risks in low back pain and exercise studies: A scoping review
  Andrew Bernstetter, Nicole H. Brown, Brandon Fredhoff, Daniel I. Rhon, Chad Cook
  Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2025; 77: 103310.     CrossRef
• The effects of exercise therapy on lumbar muscle structure in low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Vasiliki Karagiannopoulou, Hannes Meirezonne, Indra De Greef, Jessica Van Oosterwijck, Thomas Matheve, Lieven Danneels, Tine Marieke Willems
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 68(5): 101988.     CrossRef
• A Comparative Study on the Effects of the Whole-Body Vibration Training and Balance Exercise Program on the Muscle Geometry in the Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Control Trial
  Farahnaz Emami, Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad, Mohsen Razeghi
  Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2025; 24(1-4): 92.     CrossRef
• Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain, Disability, Balance, Proprioception, Functional Performance and Quality of Life in People with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Tasneem Zafar, Saima Zaki, Md Farhan Alam, Saurabh Sharma, Reem Abdullah Babkair, Shibili Nuhmani, Sujata Pandita
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1639.     CrossRef
• Effects of 12 weeks of inspiratory muscle training and whole body vibration on the inflammatory profile, BDNF and muscular system in pre-frail elderly women: A randomized controlled trial
  Helga Cecília Muniz de Souza, Maíra Florentino Pessoa, Rafaela dos Santos Clemente, Alanna Vasconcelos da Silva, Pablo Ramon Gualberto Cardoso, Juliana Fernandes, Arméle Dornelas de Andrade
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2024; 123: 105421.     CrossRef
• Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Balance or Proprioception in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
  Nuaima Tariq, Zainy Khan, Zubia Veqar
  Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2023; 22(4): 284.     CrossRef
• Effect of platelet-rich plasma injections for chronic nonspecific low back pain
  Sun Jae Won, Da-ye Kim, Jae Min Kim
  Medicine.2022; 101(8): e28935.     CrossRef
• Whole-body vibration provides additional benefits to patients with patellofemoral pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Xinyue Yang, Guang Yang, Yunxia Zuo
  Medicine.2022; 101(47): e31536.     CrossRef
• Core and Whole Body Vibration Exercise Influences Muscle Sensitivity and Posture during a Military Foot March
  Kaitlin D. Lyons, Aaron G. Parks, Oluwagbemiga Dadematthews, Nilophar Zandieh, Paige McHenry, Kenneth E. Games, Michael D. Goodlett, William Murrah, Jaimie Roper, JoEllen M. Sefton
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(9): 4966.     CrossRef
• Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
  Jill A Hayden, Jenna Ellis, Rachel Ogilvie, Antti Malmivaara, Maurits W van Tulder
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inconsistent descriptions of lumbar multifidus morphology: A scoping review
  Anke Hofste, Remko Soer, Hermie J. Hermens, Heiko Wagner, Frits G. J. Oosterveld, André P. Wolff, Gerbrand J. Groen
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of exercise combined with whole body vibration in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomised-controlled clinical trial
  Angel Yañez-Álvarez, Beatriz Bermúdez-Pulgarín, Sergio Hernández-Sánchez, Manuel Albornoz-Cabello
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Trunk Stabilization Exercise Combined with Vibration for Adolescent Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain
  Kyoung-sim Jung, Jin-hwa Jung, Tae-sung In, Hwi-young Cho
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7024.     CrossRef
• Acute and Cumulative Effects With Whole-Body Vibration Exercises Using 2 Biomechanical Conditions on the Flexibility and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial Pilot Study
  P. C. Paiva, C. A. Figueiredo, A. Reis-Silva, A. Francisca-Santos, L. L. Paineiras-Domingos, E. Martins-Anjos, M. E. S. Melo-Oliveira, G. M. G. Lourenço-Revelles, E. Moreira-Marconi, E. O. Guedes-Aguiar, A. A. Brandão, M. F. T. Neves, V. L. Xavier, D. L.
  Dose-Response.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To compare the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to abdominal muscles and back muscles on postural balance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients.
Methods
Thirty post-stroke hemiplegic patients were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: core muscle-strengthening exercise (CME) with NMES to abdominal muscles (group A), CME with NMES to back muscles (group B), and CME alone (group C). All subjects underwent their targeted interventions for 30 minutes each day, 5 days per week for 3 weeks under a conventional stroke rehabilitation program. Subjects were evaluated using Korean version of Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Weight Distribution Index (WDI), and Stability Index (SI) just before and 3 weeks after intervention.
Results
Changes in K-BBS (p<0.05) and TIS (p<0.05) were significantly higher in group A (18.5±8.10, 6.6±1.90) and group B (19.9±5.44, 7.0±2.26) than in group C (8.4±4.14, 3.1±0.99). However, K-MBI, WDI, and SI failed to show any significant difference. No significant difference in all outcomes was observed between groups A and B.
Conclusion
The effect of NMES to the abdominal muscles was similar to the effect on back muscles in terms of postural balance. This finding indicated that the NMES to the abdominal muscles may be an alternative for post-stroke hemiplegic patients contraindicated for NMES to the back muscles. Additional studies investigating the effects of NMES on abdominal and back muscles are needed.

Citations

• Recommendations for Target Muscle Activation Protocol During Trunk Rehabilitation Robot-Based Seated Perturbation Training
  Amre Eizad, Hosu Lee, Junyeong Lee, Won-Kyung Song, Jungwon Yoon
  IEEE Access.2025; 13: 78150.     CrossRef
• Evaluating core stability training-based combination therapies for lower extremity dysfunction post-stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
  Kaiqi Zheng, Liang Guo, Dan Wang, Chunyun Deng
  BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on diastasis recti abdominis
  Jianqi Fang, Yilin Weng, Yang Lin, Ting Wu, Yu Wang, Lihua Lin, Juan Lin
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• RETRACTED: Effects of bundle‐care interventions on pressure ulcers in patients with stroke: A meta‐analysis
  Li‐Ping Wang, Ming‐Ming Gao, Xiu‐Qin Wang, Min‐Min Gu, Qin‐De Qi
  International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Trunk training following stroke
  Liselot Thijs, Eline Voets, Stijn Denissen, Jan Mehrholz, Bernhard Elsner, Robin Lemmens, Geert SAF Verheyden
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Task-related Trunk Training with Sensory Electrical Stimulation on Sitting Balance in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Takuya Yada, Kazu Amimoto
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 8: n/a.     CrossRef
• Study on the Effects of Different Seat and Leg Support Conditions of a Trunk Rehabilitation Robot
  Amre Eizad, Hosu Lee, Sanghun Pyo, Min-Kyun Oh, Sung-Ki Lyu, Jungwon Yoon
  IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.2022; 30: 812.     CrossRef
• Effect of interferential current on deep abdominal muscle thickness
  Ayumu Endo, Akihiro Yakabi, Akira Kubo
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2022; 34(4): 306.     CrossRef
• Safety and Efficacy of Transform for Noninvasive Lipolysis and Circumference Reduction of the Abdomen
  Matthew Novak, David Weir, Rod J. Rohrich
  Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open.2022; 10(7): e4446.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effect of Age, Gender, and Post-Stroke Duration on the Association between Trunk and Upper Limb Recovery in Subacute Stroke Population: A Cross-Sectional Study with Mediation Analysis
  Kumar Gular, Viswanathan Sivasubramanian, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Jaya Shanker Tedla, Snehil Dixit
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15644.     CrossRef
• Effect of Electrical Muscle Stimulation Belt for Abdominal Muscles Activation
  Dayeong Choi, Won-Seob Shin
  Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science.2021; 10(4): 444.     CrossRef
• Acute and chronic neuromuscular electrical stimulation and postural balance: a review
  Thierry Paillard
  European Journal of Applied Physiology.2020; 120(7): 1475.     CrossRef
• Stroke Severity and Maximum Inspiratory Pressure are Independently Associated with Functional Mobility in Individuals After Stroke
  Maria Consuelo Nuñez Filha, Laisa Mascarenhas, David Messias, Cláudia Furtado, Cristiane Dias, Moisés Correia Dantas, Lorena Rosa S. Almeida, Elen Beatriz Pinto
  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2020; 29(12): 105375.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the possibility of a new measurement tool using electromyography and ultrasonography for quantitative spasticity assessment in post-stroke patients.
Methods
Eight hemiplegic stroke patients with ankle plantarflexor spasticity confirmed by a Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) were enrolled. Spasticity was evaluated using the MAS and Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS). Each subject underwent surface electromyography (sEMG) using the Brain Motor Control Assessment (BMCA) protocol and was compared with a healthy control group. Using ultrasonography, muscle architecture and elasticity index were measured from the medial gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) on the affected and unaffected sides.
Results
MAS and MTS revealed significant correlation with sEMG activity. The fascicle length and pennation angle were significantly decreased in the medial GCM on the hemiplegic side compared with the unaffected side. The elasticity index of the spastic medial GCM was significantly increased compared with the unaffected side. The MTS X and R2–R1 values were significantly correlated with the elasticity index in the hemiplegic GCM. The relationship between clinical evaluation tools and both BMCA and sonoelastography was linear, but not statistically significant in the multiple regression analysis.
Conclusion
The BMCA protocol and ultrasonographic evaluation provide objective assessment of post-stroke spasticity. Further studies are necessary to conduct accurate assessment and treatment of spasticity.

Citations

• Immediate effect of acupuncture on abnormal antagonist activity in a chronic post-stroke patient: a case report
  Ruka Nobe
  Acupuncture in Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Electromyographic features for quantitative assessment of lower limb spasticity after stroke: a feasibility study
  Lin Wu, Benjian Zou, Jiawei Liu, Chao Wang, Samit Chakrabarty, Ping Zhou, Tianzhe Bao, Sheng Quan Xie
  Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.2026; 64(4): 1517.     CrossRef
• Non-Invasive Assessment of Hypertonic Muscle Properties After Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Evidence (2023–2025) on Mobility and Balance
  Sebastian Giuvara, Gelu Onose, Constantin Munteanu, Cristina Popescu, Aura Spinu, Andrada Mirea, Aurelian Anghelescu
  Life.2026; 16(7): 1120.     CrossRef
• Feasibility of shear wave elastography to assess upper limb spasticity in patients after brain injury
  Ganglin Chen, Ling Ren, Zhenguo Wu, Xianrui Hu, Jing He
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2025; 47(19): 5133.     CrossRef
• Shear wave elastography in the assessment of gastrocnemius spastic muscle elasticity: influences of ankle position and muscle contraction
  Marine DEVIS, Frédéric LECOUVET, Thierry LEJEUNE, Gaëtan STOQUART
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Time to Onset and Early Predictors of Poststroke Spasticity Combined With Surface Electromyography: Protocol for a Nested Case-Control Study
  Simeng Song, Shiliang Wang, Shanshan Zeng, Wenqing Wu, Lingying Wu, Xukun Tang, Xiongxing Sun, Dahua Wu, Le Xie
  JMIR Research Protocols.2025; 14: e65829.     CrossRef
• The effect of mechanical digit sensory stimulation on upper limb motor function recovery in convalescent stroke patients with hemiplegia
  Kexin Yao, Qiqi Li, Yuqin Ma, Yaxing Tian, Shuting Zhang, Yongfeng Hong
  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2025; 257: 109027.     CrossRef
• Dose–response effectiveness of focused shockwave therapy on ultrasonographic muscular properties in patients with stroke exhibiting ankle spasticity
  Shu-Mei Yang, Hung-Hsi Lin, Yen-Hua Chen, You-Lin Lu, Chueh-Hung Wu, Wen-Shiang Chen, Meng-Ting Lin
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Automated assessment of upper limb spasticity in stroke patients with fusion of multichannel surface electromyography features
  Xin Li, Feiyu Nong, Xu Zhang, Lin Chen, Tian Li, Shengliang Shi, Yaobin Long
  Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 57: jrm43745.     CrossRef
• Correlation of Gastrocnemius Muscle Quality With Balance, Appendicular Skeletal Mass, and Fall Risk in Osteoporotic Women: A Musculoskeletal Sonography Assessment During Rest and Activity
  Elham Bagheri Yekta, Giti Torkaman, Leila Aghaghazvini
  Journal of Clinical Densitometry.2025; 28(4): 101633.     CrossRef
• Efeito agudo do ultrassom no padrão espástico do bíceps braquial em indivíduos com distúrbios neurológicos
  João Sávio Carneiro Silva, Letícia Costa Mengoni, Gabriel Pádua da Silva, Wellington Marcelo Queixas Moreira, Oswaldo Luiz Stamato Taube, Bruno Ferreira
  RCMOS - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar O Saber.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Automated EMG-Based Classification of Upper Extremity Motor Impairment Levels in Subacute Stroke
  Alexey Anastasiev, Hideki Kadone, Aiki Marushima, Hiroki Watanabe, Alexander Zaboronok, Shinya Watanabe, Akira Matsumura, Kenji Suzuki, Yuji Matsumaru, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Eiichi Ishikawa
  Sensors.2025; 25(22): 6829.     CrossRef
• Conformal, stretchable, breathable, wireless epidermal surface electromyography sensor system for hand gesture recognition and rehabilitation of stroke hand function
  Kerong Yang, Senhao Zhang, Ying Yang, Xiaoman Liu, Jiuqiang Li, Benkun Bao, Chang Liu, Hongbo Yang, Kai Guo, Huanyu Cheng
  Materials & Design.2024; 243: 113029.     CrossRef
• Assessing muscle architecture with ultrasound: implications for spasticity
  Ève Boissonnault, April Hyon, Michael C. Munin, Mirko Filippetti, Alessandro Picelli, Chloe Haldane, Rajiv Reebye
  European Journal of Translational Myology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparative study on muscle-tendon stiffness and balance impairment in postmenopausal women: a focus on osteosarcopenia and osteoporosis
  Elham Bagheri Yekta, Giti Torkaman, Leila Aghaghazvini
  Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Examination of evaluation indicators for spasticity in stroke patients using ultrasound imaging equipment
  Takahiro Okazaki, Shota Nagai
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2024; 36(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Utility of Ultrasound Elastography to Evaluate Poststroke Spasticity and Therapeutic Efficacy: A Narrative Review
  Meng-Ting Lin, Shu-Mei Yang, Hao-Wei Wu, Yen-Hua Chen, Chueh-Hung Wu
  Journal of Medical Ultrasound.2023; 31(3): 171.     CrossRef
• Ultrasound elastography in the assessment of post-stroke muscle stiffness: a systematic review
  Jacqueline Roots, Gabriel S Trajano, Davide Fontanarosa
  Insights into Imaging.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Technology-assisted assessment of spasticity: a systematic review
  Xinliang Guo, Rebecca Wallace, Ying Tan, Denny Oetomo, Marlena Klaic, Vincent Crocher
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Ultrasound Elastography in the Assessment of the Stiffness of Spastic Muscles: A Systematic Review
  Laura Daniela Ordierez Zúñiga, Carlos Alberto Gaviria López, Elizabeth Roldán González
  Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.2021; 47(6): 1448.     CrossRef
• Using Surface Electromyography to Evaluate the Efficacy of Governor Vessel Electroacupuncture in Poststroke Lower Limb Spasticity: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Parallel Trial
  Jingwen Li, Kaiqi Su, Jinjin Mei, Yiying Wang, Shuai Yin, Yanchao Hu, Wenxue Hao, Xiaodong Feng, Ruiqing Li, Hongcai Shang
  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
• Muscle and tendon properties of the spastic lower leg after stroke defined by ultrasonography: a systematic review
  Fabienne SCHILLEBEECKX, An DE GROEF, Nathalie DE BEUKELAER, Kaat DESLOOVERE, Geert VERHEYDEN, Koen PEERS
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Soft Rehabilitation Actuator With Integrated Post-stroke Finger Spasticity Evaluation
  Ho Lam Heung, Zhi Qiang Tang, Xiang Qian Shi, Kai Yu Tong, Zheng Li
  Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A domestic robotic rehabilitation device for assessment of wrist function for outpatients
  Matthias Panny, Andreas Mayr, Marco Nagiller, Yeongmi Kim
  Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

• Differences in morphological parameters of calf muscles among children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy at different mobility levels and their relationships with walking ability
  Ümit Erkut, Hasan Bingöl
  Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Backward Downhill Treadmill Training Following Botulinum Toxin-A Injection and Serial Casting in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Pelin Atalan Efkere, Habip Eser Akkaya, Kamile Uzun Akkaya, Halil İbrahim Çelik, Cemil Yildiz, Bulent Elbasan
  Pediatric Neurology.2026; 181: 65.     CrossRef
• Role of ultrasonography in assessing respiratory muscle loss: insights from a cross-sectional study on neurological patients with long-term bed rest with and without tracheostomy
  Juchuan Dong, Zihui Xie, Wenyuan Wang, Yongmei Li, Shaofang Li, Fuhou Zhang, Lihua Jin
  BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Increased Upper Extremity Muscle Mass in Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy
  Taeyoung Song, Jaewon Kim, Dae-Hyun Jang
  Life.2024; 14(3): 303.     CrossRef
• Association of gross motor function and activities of daily living with muscle mass of the trunk and lower extremity muscles, range of motion, and spasticity in children and adults with cerebral palsy
  Mitsuhiro Masaki, Honoka Isobe, Yuki Uchikawa, Mami Okamoto, Yoshie Chiyoda, Yuki Katsuhara, Kunio Mino, Kaori Aoyama, Tatsuya Nishi, Yasushi Ando
  Developmental Neurorehabilitation.2023; 26(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Association of activities of daily living and cognitive function with thickness of the upper extremity muscles in children and adults with cerebral palsy
  Mitsuhiro Masaki, Yuki Uchikawa, Yuka Iizuka, Karin Sugawara, Honoka Isobe, Fuyumi Hattori, Mami Okamoto, Saki Takahashi, Emina Morohashi, Yuki Kitamura
  Journal of Medical Ultrasonics.2023; 50(2): 245.     CrossRef
• Relationship between ankle function and walking ability for children and young adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review of deficits and targeted interventions
  Benjamin C. Conner, Nushka M. Remec, Cassidy M. Michaels, Chase W. Wallace, Emily Andrisevic, Zachary F. Lerner
  Gait & Posture.2022; 91: 165.     CrossRef
• Measuring skeletal muscle morphology and architecture with imaging modalities in children with cerebral palsy: a scoping review
  Sîan A Williams, N Susan Stott, Jane Valentine, Catherine Elliott, Siobhán L Reid
  Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2021; 63(3): 263.     CrossRef
• Is there a relationship between muscle-tendon properties and a variety of functional tasks in children with spastic cerebral palsy?
  Christian Schranz, Annika Kruse, Markus Tilp, Martin Svehlik
  Gait & Posture.2021; 85: 14.     CrossRef
• Effect of performing daily activities while standing on the quantity and quality of the thigh muscles in adults with severe cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study
  Soma Endo, Toshikazu Soyama, Hitoshi Asai, Pleiades Tiharu Inaoka, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Issei Nomura, Keisuke Sakurakichi
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2021; 33(3): 288.     CrossRef
• The Contribution of Decreased Muscle Size to Muscle Weakness in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy
  Britta Hanssen, Nicky Peeters, Ines Vandekerckhove, Nathalie De Beukelaer, Lynn Bar-On, Guy Molenaers, Anja Van Campenhout, Marc Degelaen, Christine Van den Broeck, Patrick Calders, Kaat Desloovere
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of sagittal spinal alignment in the sitting position with the trunk and lower extremity muscle masses in children and adults with cerebral palsy: A pilot study
  Mitsuhiro Masaki, Yukine Ogawa, Yukika Inagaki, Yoshino Sato, Minori Yokota, Seina Maruyama, Moeka Takeuchi, Maki Kasahara, Kota Minakawa, Mami Okamoto, Yoshie Chiyoda, Kunio Mino, Kaori Aoyama, Tatsuya Nishi, Yasushi Ando
  Clinical Biomechanics.2021; 90: 105491.     CrossRef
• Ultrasound Imaging and Rehabilitation of Muscle Disorders
  Murat Kara, Ayşe Merve Ata, Bayram Kaymak, Levent Özçakar
  American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2020; 99(7): 636.     CrossRef
• The Interzonal Distribution of the Load on the Plantar Surface of the Foot During Walking in the Patients with Cerebral Palsy as an Objective Criterion of Functional Impairment Severity
  L. M. Smirnova, E. I. Dzhomardly, A. A. Koltsov
  Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia.2020; 26(3): 80.     CrossRef
• The current view on the body mass and body mass index of children with spine deformity due to cerebral palsy: a systematic review
  Elena N. Shchurova, Sergei O. Riabykh, Egor Yu. Filatov, Polina V. Ochirova, Tatyana V. Ryabykh
  Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery.2020; 8(3): 343.     CrossRef
• Impact of Altered Gastrocnemius Morphometrics and Fascicle Behavior on Walking Patterns in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy
  Matthias Hösl, Annika Kruse, Markus Tilp, Martin Svehlik, Harald Böhm, Antonia Zehentbauer, Adamantios Arampatzis
  Frontiers in Physiology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• CEREBRAL PALSY: DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS
  Lale A. Pak, L. M. Kuzenkova, A. L. Kurenkov, B. I. Bursagova
  Russian Pediatric Journal.2019; 21(4): 237.     CrossRef
• The Appendicular Lean Mass Index Is a Suitable Surrogate for Muscle Mass in Children with Cerebral Palsy
  Ibrahim Duran, Kyriakos Martakis, Mirko Rehberg, Christina Stark, Anne Koy, Eckhard Schoenau
  The Journal of Nutrition.2019; 149(10): 1863.     CrossRef
• Effects of Whole Body Vibration Training on Lower Limb Muscle Thickness and Gross Motor Function in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
  Won-Bin Lee, Han-Suk Lee, Sun-Wook Park, Jun-Ki Yoo
  Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2019; 14(4): 195.     CrossRef

Citations

• Femoral neck anteversion of the less involved side in unilateral cerebral palsy: kinematics and radiological considerations
  Zhenkun Gu, Anisa Mujaj, Olivia C. Tracey, Jennifer Jezequel, Silvia Zanini, Bridget Assip, Vishnu D. Chandran, David Scher, Paulo R. Selber
  Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B.2026; 35(1): 40.     CrossRef
• Longitudinal relationship between hip displacement and hip function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
  Ailish Malone, Giorgia Tanner, Helen P. French
  Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2025; 67(4): 450.     CrossRef
• Radiological outcomes of surgical techniques for spastic hip in cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Iman Menbari Oskouie, Alireza Hakiminejad, Amirali Yazdanmehr, Keihan Mostafavi, Asma Mafhoumi, Amir H. Sajedi, Ali Roosta, Alireza Arvin, Ana Presedo, Mohammad Hossein Nabian, Amir Kasaeian
  Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inflammation-induced leg length discrepancy in children: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications
  Tim R. J. Aeppli, Zhengpei Zhang, Yunhan Zhao, Farasat Zaman, Lars Sävendahl
  Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Role of Physical Examination in Assessing Hip Migration in Children with Cerebral Palsy
  Merel Charlotte Rosalie Roelen, Renée Anne van Stralen, Jim Bono Aalbers, Denise Eygendaal, Max Reijman, Jaap Johannes Tolk
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(16): 5813.     CrossRef
• Bone Deformities through the Prism of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in Ambulant Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
  Rodolphe Bailly, Christelle Pons, Anne-Charlotte Haes, Lisa Nguyen, Matthias Thepaut, Laëtitia Houx, Mathieu Lempereur, Sylvain Brochard
  Children.2024; 11(2): 257.     CrossRef
• Hip Joint Angular Values in Children with Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Comparison between Ambulatory and Nonambulatory Groups According to the Gross Motor Functional Classification System
  Buket Rende, Ayla Tekin Orha
  Journal of the Anatomical Society of India.2024; 73(2): 145.     CrossRef
• The Etiology of Neuromuscular Hip Dysplasia and Implications for Management: A Narrative Review
  Ana Presedo, Erich Rutz, Jason J. Howard, Michael Wade Shrader, Freeman Miller
  Children.2024; 11(7): 844.     CrossRef
• Effect of Graphene Warm Abduction Orthosis on Hip Joint Development in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy
  Meiyu CUI, Jianjun LIU, Yan ZHANG, Fanyong ZENG
  Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 33(5): 456.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA with standardized physiotherapy for the treatment of pediatric lower limb spasticity: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial
  Rozalina Dimitrova, Heakyung Kim, Jill Meilahn, Henry G. Chambers, Brad A. Racette, Marcin Bonikowski, Eun Sook Park, Emily McCusker, Chengcheng Liu, Mitchell F. Brin
  NeuroRehabilitation.2022; 50(1): 33.     CrossRef
• 3-D acetabular morphology of the neuromuscular hip: implications for preoperative planning
  Megan Severson, Harsha Bandaralage, James D. Bomar, Christine L. Farnsworth, Vidyadhar V. Upasani
  Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B.2022; 31(2): 169.     CrossRef
• Short Term Radiological Outcome of Combined Femoral and Ilium Osteotomy in Pelvic Reconstruction of the Child
  Lorenz Pisecky, Gerhard Großbötzl, Stella Stevoska, Matthias Christoph Michael Klotz, Christina Haas, Tobias Gotterbarm, Matthias Luger, Manuel Gahleitner
  Children.2022; 9(3): 441.     CrossRef
• Hip subluxation in Italian cerebral palsy children and its determinants: a retrospective cohort study
  Silvia Faccioli, Silvia Sassi, Adriano Ferrari, Elena Corradini, Francesca Toni, Shaniko Kaleci, Francesco Lombardi, Maria Grazia Benedetti
  International Journal of Rehabilitation Research.2022; 45(4): 319.     CrossRef
• 3-D lower extremity bone morphology in ambulant children with cerebral palsy and its relation to gait
  Rodolphe Bailly, Mathieu Lempereur, Christelle Pons, Laetitia Houx, Matthias Thepaut, Bhushan Borotikar, Raphael Gross, Sylvain Brochard
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 64(3): 101254.     CrossRef
• Progressive lateralization and constant hip geometry in children with DDH, NDH, and LCPD following hip reconstructive surgery: a cohort study of 73 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.9 years
  Lorenz Pisecky, Gerhard Großbötzl, Manuel Gahleitner, Stella Stevoska, Christian Stadler, Christina Haas, Tobias Gotterbarm, Matthias C. Klotz
  Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.2021; 143(3): 1193.     CrossRef
• Patterns of hip migration in non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy: A prospective cohort study
  Isabelle Poirot, Valérie Laudy, Muriel Rabilloud, Sylvain Roche, Jean Iwaz, Behrouz Kassaï, Carole Vuillerot
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 63(5): 400.     CrossRef
• Top Ten Adult Manifestations of Childhood Hip Disorders
  Jedidiah Schlung, Scott Schiffman, Apeksha Chaturvedi
  Radiologic Clinics of North America.2020; 58(3): 529.     CrossRef
• Facts and de facto treatment of spasticity
  Heakyung Kim, Ray Stanford, Deborah Gaebler-Spira, Michael M. Green
  Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 13(2): 189.     CrossRef
• Association Between the Elasticity of Hip Muscles and the Hip Migration Index in Cerebral Palsy
  Pinar Doruk Analan, Hulya Aslan
  Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine.2019; 38(10): 2667.     CrossRef

Citations

• Postoperative imaging of the shoulder: Rotator cuff, instability, arthroplasty
  Vincent Martinel, Marie Faruch, Maxime Pastor, Geoffroy Nourissat
  Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research.2026; 112(1): 104462.     CrossRef
• Imagerie de l’épaule opérée : coiffe, Instabilité, prothèse
  Vincent Martinel, Marie Faruch, Maxime Pastor, Geoffroy Nourissat
  Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique.2025; 111(6): 720.     CrossRef
• Investigating the relationship between quantitative‐based ultrasound and MRI estimations of rotator cuff fatty infiltration
  Alexandra Mahna, Stephen M. Boulanger, Anthony A. Gatti, Talia Alenabi, Austin Ku, Loriann M. Hynes, Jaclyn N. Chopp‐Hurley
  Journal of Clinical Ultrasound.2024; 52(4): 343.     CrossRef
• Analysis of risk factors for procedure-related hemorrhage in rotator cuff repair surgery under shoulder arthroscopy
  Dan Guo, Jingcheng Wang
  Medicine.2023; 102(39): e35512.     CrossRef
• Mechanical characteristic of supraspinatus muscle changes independent of its size and intramuscular fat in patient with rotator cuff repair
  Jun Umehara, Yasuyuki Ueda, Masahide Yagi, Shusuke Nojiri, Takashi Tachibana, Katsuya Nobuhara, Noriaki Ichihashi
  Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology.2023; 73: 102831.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of the shoulder – A systematic review
  Dawid Lukoszek, Dominik Sieroń, Izabella Jabłońska, Jan Szczegielniak, Rafał Trąbka, Karol Szyluk
  Fizjoterapia Polska.2022; 22(4): 56.     CrossRef
• Diagnostic Ultrasound Shows Reversal of Supraspinatus Muscle Atrophy Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
  Alejandro Pagán‐Conesa, María Tíscar García‐Ortiz, Emilio José Salmerón‐Martínez, Alejandro Moya‐Martínez, Fernando López‐Prats
  Arthroscopy.2021; 37(10): 3039.     CrossRef
• Contribution of postoperative ultrasound to early detection of anchor pullout after rotator cuff tendon repair: Report of 3 cases
  Vincent Martinel, Nicolas Bonnevialle
  Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research.2020; 106(2): 229.     CrossRef
• Intérêt de l’échographie postopératoire dans le dépistage précoce de migration du matériel d’ancrage après chirurgie réparatrice des tendons de la coiffe des rotateurs : à propos de trois cas
  Vincent Martinel, Nicolas Bonnevialle
  Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique.2020; 106(2): 97.     CrossRef
• Local immunomodulation and muscle progenitor cells induce recovery in atrophied muscles in spinal cord injury patients
  Gustavo A. Moviglia, M. Teresita Moviglia Brandolino, Damián Couto, Samanta Piccone
  Journal of Neurorestoratology.2018; 6(1): 136.     CrossRef

Citations

• A wearable functional electrical stimulation device with a movable electrode for motor point tracking
  Yue Liu, Shin Ebihara, Masao Sugi, Hiroshi Yokoi, Yinlai Jiang
  Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Brain-computer interface and functional electrical stimulation: a novel approach to motor rehabilitation in CNS injury patients
  Zi Wang, Yimin Du, Debin Guo, Hao Jiang, Zheng Li, Jinze Wu, Jinghong Yang, Hongliang Li, Lei Li, Jun Fei, Zhong Li
  International Journal of Surgery.2026; 112(3): 7925.     CrossRef
• Dual 500-μs wide pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhancing sensorimotor cortical excitability
  Yun Zhao, Yanying Yan, Xiaoling Zhang, Guanghui Xie, Renqaing Yang, Shuaidong Zou, Fengmei Gao, Wencheng Sun
  Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of focal muscle vibration on sEMG activity during repeated elbow movements in healthy adults
  Carmen Cabezaolias, Rafael Raya, Cristina Sanchez, Rodrigo Rodriguez, Eloy Urendes
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Hydrogels for bioinspired soft robots
  Chang Seo Park, Yong-Woo Kang, Hyeonuk Na, Jeong-Yun Sun
  Progress in Polymer Science.2024; 150: 101791.     CrossRef
• Electrical Impedance Myography for Evaluating Muscle Fatigue Induced by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
  Bin Zhou, Yuandong Zhuang, Yueming Gao, Zeljka Lucev Vasic, Ivana Culjak, Mario Cifrek, Min Du
  IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology.2022; 6(1): 94.     CrossRef
• Burst‐modulated wide‐pulse neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhances H‐reflex recruitment in rats
  Wen Qu, Wensheng Hou, Yun Zhao, Bin Shu, Lin Chen, Xiaolin Zheng, Xing Wang, Xiaoying Wu
  Muscle & Nerve.2020; 61(4): 535.     CrossRef
• Robust switched control design for electrically stimulated lower limbs: A linear model analysis in healthy and spinal cord injured subjects
  Ricardo G. Teodoro, Willian R.B.M. Nunes, Rafael A. de Araujo, Marcelo A.A. Sanches, Marcelo C.M. Teixeira, Aparecido A. de Carvalho
  Control Engineering Practice.2020; 102: 104530.     CrossRef