Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

Correlation of Sit-to-Stand Test and 6-Minute Walk Test to Illustrate Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Systolic Heart Failure Patients: Ivan Triangto, Aulia Syavitri Dhamayanti, Made Suariastawa Putra, Djoko Witjaksono, Rahmad , Lilik Zuhriyah, Yoga Waranugraha; Ann Rehabil Med 2025;49(1):23-29. Published online February 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240057

Abstract
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Objective
To prove 5-time sit-to-stand (5-STS) and 30-second sit-to-stand (30sSTS) tests in assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in chronic heart failure (HF) patients with systolic dysfunction. Alternative tests, such as 5-STS and 30sSTS, may be used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with HF but have not been thoroughly evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to prove 5-STS and 30sSTS tests in assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in chronic HF patients with systolic dysfunction.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was done, evaluating chronic HF patients with systolic dysfunction that have received optimal guideline directed medical treatment for at least 3 months. All patients underwent the same intervention on the same day, starting with an initial 5-STS test, followed by a 30sSTS, and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT).
Results
A total of 34 patients were enrolled in this study. The median left ventricular ejection fraction was 44% (interquartile range=34%–48%). Mean values of 5-STS, 30sSTS, and 6MWT were 13.90±4.72, 13.29±3.38, and 463.65±87.04, respectively. 5-STS showed moderate correlation with 6MWT (r=-0.436, p=0.01). However, the 30sSTS revealed strong correlation with 6MWT (r=0.629, p<0.001).
Conclusion
The 30sSTS test had strong correlation with 6MWT. It could be used to illustrate cardiorespiratory fitness in chronic HF patients with systolic dysfunction.

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A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study on the Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Fall Risk in Older Adults Based on Multiple Outcome Measures: 10MWT, 5TSIS, CTSIB-M, and 6MWT
Mary Bayer, Halle Krisinski, Nikita Sak, Rob Sillevis
Journal of Rehabilitation Practices and Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Reliability and interchangeability of 1-minute sit-to-stand, 3-minute chair rise, and 3-minute walk tests in assessing functional capacity
Meredith T Yeung, Xian Cong Goh, Ray Han Lian, Anne C. Ting, Mingxing Yang
Journal of Sports Sciences.2025; 43(21): 2538. CrossRef

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Physical Therapy

Physical Activity and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adult Patients With Heart Failure Admitted for Subacute Musculoskeletal Disease: Tomoko Shimizu, Chiaki Kanai, Keisuke Ueda, Yasuyoshi Asakawa; Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):426-437. Published online October 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23031

Objective
To examine activities of daily living (ADL) and physical activity in older adults with heart failure admitted to a rehabilitation ward for subacute musculoskeletal disease.
Methods
This study included patients with musculoskeletal disease (aged ≥75 years) who were admitted to the rehabilitation ward. Data on age, ADL, and time for physical activity (metabolic equivalents [METs]) were collected. Patients were divided into groups with or without heart failure, and the differences were compared using Mann–Whitney U-test.
Results
This study included 84 musculoskeletal patients, including 25 with heart failure. The heart-failure group had similar levels of ADL independence compared to the without-heart-failure group (p=0.28) but had shorter duration of continuous and sustained physical activities and less total time (p<0.01) of light-intensity physical activity or higher.
Conclusion
Older adults with subacute musculoskeletal disease with heart failure do not necessarily require a large amount of physical activity to maintain ADL at the time of discharge. But very low physical activity may increase the risk for developing hospitalization-associated disability. Physical activity in older adults with subacute musculoskeletal disease with heart failure should be monitored separately from ADL.

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Relationship between independence in activities of daily living at discharge and physical activity at admission of older postoperative hip fracture rehabilitation inpatients: A retrospective case‐control study
Tomoko Shimizu, Chiaki Kanai, Yasuyoshi Asakawa
Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the Causal Effects of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Diet on Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomisation Analysis
Yunong Zhang, Ye Tao, Hyunsoo Choi, Haonan Qian
Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4055. CrossRef

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Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

Phase Angle Is Associated With Handgrip Strength in Older Patients With Heart Failure: Wataru Kawakami, Takuya Umehara, Yoshitaka Iwamoto, Makoto Takahashi, Nobuhisa Katayama; Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(2):129-137. Published online March 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22138

Abstract
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Objective
To assess the relationships between phase angle and muscle mass, strength, and physical function in patients with heart failure.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design. The analysis included 51 patients with heart failure. The Short Physical Performance Battery, one-leg standing time, handgrip strength, phase angle, and skeletal muscle index were measured. To identify explanatory variables of phase angle, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed.
Results
Handgrip strength was found to be an explanatory variable of phase angle independent of age, sex, and body mass index. This model was able to explain 30.4% of the model variance for phase angle.
Conclusion
In patients with heart failure, improving muscle strength rather than muscle mass or physical function might be more important for improving phase angle. Handgrip strength is an important outcome for improving prognosis in patients with heart failure.

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Phase Angle and Impedance Ratio as Indicators of Physical Function and Fear of Falling in Older Adult Women: Cross-Sectional Analysis
Danielle A Sterner, Jeffrey R Stout, Kworweinski Lafontant, Joon-Hyuk Park, David H Fukuda, Ladda Thiamwong
JMIR Aging.2024; 7: e53975. CrossRef
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Sarcopenia in older adult patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional and follow-up study
Sang Hun Kim, Cho Hui Hong, Myung-Jun Shin, Ki Uk Kim, Tae Sung Park, Jun Yong Park, Yong Beom Shin
BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Malnutrition in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from Morphofunctional Assessment and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria
María Teresa Zarco-Martín, Carmen Freire, María Carmen Andreo-López, Socorro Leyva-Martínez, María Luisa Fernández-Soto
Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2625. CrossRef

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Rehabilitation Intervention for Individuals With Heart Failure and Fatigue to Reduce Fatigue Impact: A Feasibility Study: Young Joo Kim, Jennifer C. Radloff, Patricia A. Crane, Linda P. Bolin; Ann Rehabil Med 2019;43(6):686-699. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.6.686

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate feasibility of recruitment, tablet use in intervention delivery, and use of self-report outcome measures and to analyze the effect of Energy Conservation plus Problem-Solving Therapy versus Health Education interventions for individuals with heart failure-associated fatigue.
Methods
This feasibility study was a block-randomized controlled trial involving 23 adults, blinded to their group assignment, in a rural southern area in the United States. Individuals with heart failure and fatigue received the interventions for 6 weeks through videoconferencing or telephone. Participants were taught to solve their fatiguerelated problems using energy conservation strategies and the process of Problem-Solving Therapy or educated about health-related topics.
Results
The recruitment rate was 23%. All participants completed the study participation according to their group assignment, except for one participant in the Energy Conservation plus Problem-Solving Therapy group. Participants primarily used the tablet (n=21) rather than the phone (n=2). Self-report errors were noted on Activity Card Sort (n=23). Reported fatigue was significantly lower for both the Energy Conservation plus Problem-Solving Therapy (p=0.03, r=0.49) and Health Education (p=0.004, r=0.64) groups. The Health Education group reported significantly lower fatigue impact (p=0.019, r=0.48). Participation was significantly different in low-physical demand leisure activities (p=0.008; r=0.55) favoring the Energy Conservation plus Problem-Solving Therapy group.
Conclusion
The recruitment and delivery of the interventions were feasible. Activity Card Sort may not be appropriate for this study population due to recall bias. The interventions warrant future research to reduce fatigue and decrease participation in sedentary activities (Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03820674).

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Occupational Therapy for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease　― A Systematic Review ―
Tomonori Takeda, Daichi Tsukakoshi, Atsuhiro Tsubaki, Shuhei Yamamoto
Circulation Reports.2025; 7(6): 395. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Fatigue and Self-care in Adults With Heart Failure: A Scoping Review
Christine R. Hoch, Grace George, Lea Ann Matura
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Heart Smart: A Virtual Self-Management Intervention for Homebound People With Heart Failure: A Pilot Study
Sara Kate Frye, Alison Bell
Home Health Care Management & Practice.2023; 35(1): 13. CrossRef
Extension, austerity, and emergence: Themes identified from a global scoping review of non‐urban occupational therapy services
Karen Hayes, Vagner Dos Santos, Moses Costigan, Danielle Morante
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal.2023; 70(1): 142. CrossRef
The coping in heart failure (COPE-HF) partnership intervention for heart failure symptoms: Implications for palliative care
Lucinda J. Graven, Laurie Abbott, Glenna Schluck
Progress in Palliative Care.2023; 31(3): 169. CrossRef
Occupational Performance Coaching for Adults with Heart Failure: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Zahra Ahmadizadeh, Sanaz Shanbehzadeh, Dorothy Kessler, Sepideh Taghavi, Shiva Khaleghparast, Malahat Akbarfahimi
Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy.2023; 90(1): 15. CrossRef
Practice review: Evidence-based and effective management of fatigue in patients with advanced cancer
Emma J Chapman, Erica Di Martino, Zoe Edwards, Kathryn Black, Matthew Maddocks, Michael I Bennett
Palliative Medicine.2022; 36(1): 7. CrossRef
Energy conservation, minimum steps, and adaptations when needed: A scoping review
Kátia Maki Omura, Otavio Augusto de Araujo Costa Folha, Paula Silva Moreira, Estéfanny da Silva Bittencourt, Adriene Damasceno Seabra, Marcelo Marques Cardoso
Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy.2022; 35(2): 125. CrossRef
Subjective factors of depressive symptoms, ambulation, pain, and fatigue are associated with physical activity participation in cardiac arrest survivors with fatigue
Young Joo Kim, Vicky Joshi, Qiang Wu
Resuscitation Plus.2021; 5: 100057. CrossRef

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Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training for High-Risk Cardiac Patients: Hee Eun Choi, Chul Kim, Yukyung Sohn; Ann Rehabil Med 2017;41(4):650-658. Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2017.41.4.650

Abstract
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Objective

To examine the effect and safety of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program in high-risk cardiac patients and compare these results to those of control CR participants without high-risk criteria.

Methods

A total of 12 high-risk cardiac patients were recruited as subjects. The high-risk criteria were: advanced heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 30%, a recent history of cardiac arrest or dangerous arrhythmia, and cardiac device insertion. Another 12 CR participants without any high-risk criteria mentioned above were recruited as controls. Both groups underwent 6 to 8 weeks of CR exercise training. Exercise tolerance tests were performed before and after completion of the CR program. After CR completion, both groups were evaluated and their results were compared.

Results

After completion of the CR exercise program, both groups showed significant increases in peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak) and LVEF. In the control group (n=12), VO_2peak increased from 25.9 to 31.8 mL/kg/min (changing rate, +21.4%±22.1%) and LVEF increased from 56.1% to 59.1% (changing rate, +5.3%±8.4%). In the high-risk group (n=12), VO_2peak increased from 16.8 to 21.0 mL/kg/min (changing rate, +28.6%±21.4%) and LVEF increased from 26.1% to 29.4% (changing rate, +16.1%±12.9%). There was no serious cardiovascular event during all exercise hours.

Conclusion

High-risk cardiac patients who completed a supervised CR program demonstrated significant improvements in VO_2peak and LVEF without any serious cardiovascular event. The improvement rate was similar to that of control group.

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Effect of an exercise intervention on global cognition after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke: the MoveIT randomized controlled trial
Inger A. Deijle, Roelofjan Hemmes, H. Myrthe Boss, Edwin C. de Melker, Bob T. J. van den Berg, Gert Kwakkel, Erwin van Wegen, Wendy M. Bosboom, Henry C. Weinstein, Sander M. van Schaik, Renske M. Van den Berg-Vos
BMC Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Cardiopulmonary Fitness with High-Risk Myocardial Infarction
Seok Yeon Choi, Ji Hee Kim
Healthcare.2022; 10(10): 1849. CrossRef
An investigation into whether cardiac risk stratification protocols actually predict complications in cardiac rehabilitation programs?
Felipe Ribeiro, Carolina Takahashi, Lais Manata Vanzella, Maria Julia Lopez Laurino, Isabelle Maina Lima, Vitor Eduardo dos Santos Silva, João Pedro Lucas Neves Silva, Heloisa Balotari Valente, Anne Kastelianne França da Silva, Diego Giulliano Destro Chri
Clinical Rehabilitation.2021; 35(5): 775. CrossRef
Physical activity is reduced prior to ventricular arrhythmias in patients with a wearable cardioverter defibrillator
Ashley E. Burch, Benjamin D'Souza, J. Rod Gimbel, Ursula Rohrer, Tsuyoshi Masuda, Samuel Sears, Daniel Scherr
Clinical Cardiology.2020; 43(1): 60. CrossRef
The Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Case Study Illustrating Physical Therapy Implications and Management in the Inpatient Setting
Lauren Perillo, Greg Sweeney
Physical Therapy.2018; 98(12): 973. CrossRef

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Effect and Safety of Cardiac Rehabilitation Program in Heart Failure.: Kim, Chul , Ahn, Jae Ki , Bang, In Keol , Kim, Young Jin; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2005;29(1):92-97.

Abstract
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Objective
This study was performed to investigate the effect and safety of cardiac rehabilitation program in heart failure. Method: 36 patients who suffered from heart failure with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% by echocardiogram were recruited for study subject. They took graded exercise test before and after cardiac rehabilitation program. Cardiac rehabilitation program was consisted of 6∼8 weeks monitoring exercise according to the result of exercise test. We reviewed the all courses of the program to see the safety and compared the several results to know the effect of the program. Results: During totally 696 exercise-hours with ECG monitoring, 12 abnormal hemodynamic responses were happened,but those were minor in severity. All of them were managed successfully and could complete their exercise program as their schedules. Even in heart failure patients, cardiac rehabilitation program could improve exercise capacity in terms of increased maximal oxygen consumption, maximal exercise time, and maximal myocardial oxygen demand. Submaximal myocardial oxygen demand and rate of perceived exertion were significantly decreased after cardiac rehabilitation program. Conclusion: In case of prudent monitoring and proper management, cardiac rehabilitation program is safe and effective to improve exercise capacity in heart failure patient. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2005; 29: 92-97)