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Citations
To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of "recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH)" on the functional recovery of completed stroke patients.
Completed stroke patients were recruited. All participants were randomly assigned to the GH group (rhGH injection and rehabilitative therapy) or the control group (only rehabilitative therapy). Above all, they were closely monitored for safety. Further, for the efficacy measurement, Korean Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Manual Muscle strength Test (MMT), and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were assessed to determine the changes of functional recovery during 6-months of the study period. Along with it, diffusion tensor image was taken as the baseline, and a followed-up study to observe the changes in diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), during the period, and one patient in the GH group was also examined with functional MRI (fMRI). Index of fatigue on 5 point scale for the study period was also assessed.
Twenty-two patients were enrolled, and 15 completed the study and were included in the analysis. No harmful adverse events were observed in the GH group. By comparison between the groups, the GH group showed more improvement in K-MBI than the control group (p<0.05). DTT showed less decrement of fibers in the GH group than in the control group, without statistical significance. fMRI showed an increment in the activated area. Patients in the GH group expressed no fatigue at all, during the study period (p=0.00).
The administration of rhGH in long term resulted in the improvement in K-MBI, and subjectively less tiredness during the injection period.
Citations
Objective: Recently, cultured myoblast transplantation has been extensively studied as a gene complementation approach in such genetic diseases as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In the present work we investigated the stimulating effects of the growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), on growth rate and differentiation of myoblast.
Method: Human myoblasts were cultured from biopsy and treated in vitro with various concentration of bFGF, LIF and IL-1. In serum-free defined medium the following observation were made to evaluate differentiation.
Results: bFGF and LIF except IL-1 were found to have stimulating effect of myoblast proliferation comparing to control group (p＜0.05), yet there were no statistically significant differences among each growth factors (p＞0.05). The most significant growth stimulation of myoblasts in culture was achieved by adding 3.0 ng/ml of bFGF, producing a stimulation effect up to 2.01-fold. All myoblasts treated with growth factors differentiated into myotube.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that bFGF and LIF stimulate the proliferation of myoblast, which may result in an effective way in producing large numbers of myoblasts for clinical myoblast transplantation in DMD patients. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2002; 26: 426-431)
Objective: This study was undertaken to characterize the nutritional status, the status of growth and the relation to various factors in cerebral palsy.
Method: Forty patients with cerebral palsy (20 quadriplegia, 20 diplegia) were investigated. Information was obtained from medical record, clinical measure and anthropometric measure (weight for height, triceps skinfolds thickness per age, height for age). Values of weight for height or triceps skinfold below the 2.5 percentile were defined as "undernutrition", values of height for age below the 2.5 percentile were defined as "growth retardation". Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) at the 12 months old and at the examined time, oromotor score, pattern of defecation, duration of gait per day of patients were interviewed from caregivers. Spasticity was measured by using Modified Ashworth's scale.
Results: Eleven children (27.5%) were in undernutrition state and 9 (22.5%) growth retardation. Oromotor dysfunction was positive in 62.5% and constipation in 30%. Less gait time, more severe oromotor dysfunction and fine motor delay in DDST and more quadriplegic type (p＜0.05) were found in undernutrition group and no significant difference of spasticity and constipation. With logistic regression, quadriplegic type is the only significant factor to undernutrition.
Conclusion: Undernutrition is common in cerebral palsy and quadriplegic type is significantly related to undernutrition.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of growth hormone in reversing glucocorticoid-induced musculoskeletal changes including osteoporosis and myopathy in rats.
Method: Experimental rats were divided into five groups and each group was composed of 10 rats. The group 1 was administered with saline, group 2 with growth hormone, group 3 with glucocorticoid, group 4 with combined dosages of growth hormone and glucocorticoid, and group 5 with glucocorticoid for 4 weeks and then growth hormone for another 4 weeks. All injections were carried out every other day for 8 weeks. The half of animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks and another half after 8 weeks in each group. The triceps surae muscle was biopsied and examined histologically for the evaluation of mean area of muscle fiber. The femur was removed and dissected for the measurement of its weight, length, and diameter. The bone mineral density of the femur was measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometer.
Results: Administration of growth hormone partially reversed the complications of steroid such as decrease in body weight, decrease in weight, length, diameter, and bone mineral density of femur, and decrease in mean area of muscle fiber.
Conclusion: This study indicated that growth hormone could be applied for the management of steroid-induced osteoporosis and myopathy.
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of growth hormone on bone mineral density of corticosteoid-induced osteoporosis in male rat.
Method: Twenty Sprague-Dwaley male rats was studied, divided into four group, each group has 5 rats. The group 1 was treated with saline. The group 2 was treated with corticosteroid (Methylprednisolone 10 mg/kg). The group 3 was treated with corticosteroid and growth hormone (recombinant human growth hormone 0.5 IU/kg). The group 4 was treated with growth hormone after corticosteroid treatment. The treatment duration was 6 weeks for each group. After six weeks of hormone administration, the animals were sacrificed, the bilateral femur were removed and tested for bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and examined histomorphometrically.
Results: Administration of growth hormone after corticosteroid therapy, the growth hormone could reverse the decrease in body weight and bone mineral density induced by corticosteroid therapy (p＜0.05).
Conclusion: When growth hormone is administrated after corticosteroid therapy, the growth hormone can protect the osteoporosis in male rats induced by a high dose of corticosteroid.
Objective: To investigate whether there is a significant effect of growth hormone(GH) treatment with diet and exercise over the diet and exercise alone in obese non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM).
Method: Twenty obese NIDDM adults were studied. We measured the body weight, body composition and exercise capacity before and after 12 weeks of treatment program. The subjects were assigned in a double-blind manner either to the diet, aerobic exercise with placebo treatment group(group A) or to the diet, aerobic exercise with GH treatment group(group B) for twenty-week period. Two groups were compared for the demographic data.
Results: After 12-weeks of treatment program, each group showed a significant weight loss (group A: 8.54±2.29 kg vs group B: 7.14±2.99 kg) than before the treatment, however there was no significant weight loss between two groups. After 12-weeks, the fat fraction of body weight loss was significantly higher in group B than group A(0.80±0.40%kg versus 0.55±0.30%kg). After 12-weeks, the maximal oxygen consumption was similarly increased in both groups(23.75% in the group A versus 29.2% in the group B). After 12-weeks, the peak torque was similarly increased in both groups(9.7% in the group A versus 17.3% in the group B). After 12-weeks, the endurance was similarly increased in both groups(10.1% in the group A versus 8.1% in the group B).
Conclusion: Both group A and B showed a significant weight loss and resulted in a comparable gain in the muscle strength, endurance, and maximal oxygen consumption. The addition of GH in a low dose to a the calorie-restricted diet and aerobic exercise resulted in a significant fat loss especially around the visceral area.
The peripheral nerves can restore their impaired function after injuries from trauma or surgery. The known factors affecting the recovery of damaged peripheral nerves include the severity of damage, nerve growth factor(NGF) from the damaged area and the concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin. One of polypeptides, transforming growth factors beta(TGF-β) has been known to be related to inflammation and healing process of various wound. The TGF-β has to three subtypes, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3. This study was performed to explore the effects of TGF-β subtypes on the recovery phase of damaged nerve. Sciatic nerves of rat were compressed 200 dyne/mm2. The latencies were measured by stimulation of proximal and distal portion of compression injury site and expression of TGF-β isoforms was studied in proximal and distal nerve of compression site and spinal cord by using avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique.
The latencies were increased at one week after nerve injury and then recovered progressively following 4 weeks. The latencies were restored to almost normal values at 4 weeks after nerve injury. TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were expressed weakly at the cytoplasm of Schwann cell in the distal portion after 12 hours of injury. The values of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were increased at 3rd day after injury and lasted till the 4th week which was the end point of nerve regeneration. The changes of proximal portion were different from those of distal portion. TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 of proximal portion showed stronger positive reaction than that of distal portion and the reaction was peaked at 3rd day after injury. TGF-β subtypes were rarely present at neuronal cells and astrocytes in spinal cord from 12th hour to 3rd day after injury. The TGF-β subtypes were weakly appeared at the 1st week after injury and successively increased to 4th week at which the latencies were restored to almost normal value. The patterns of revelation of TGF-β subtypes showed that TGF-β1 was predominant at neuronal cell and TGF-β2 was at glial cells.
We suggest that TGF-β subtypes might be related to the regeneration process of nerve injuery.
Familial hypophosphatemic ricket (Vitamin D-resistant ricket), first described by Albright in 1937, has been known to be transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait in most families. Children with this disease would show growth retardation with characteristic clinical features such as congenital alopecia, genu varum or genu valgum, coxa vara and waddling gait. Although the physical features associated with this disease have been documented frequently, the potential involvement of auditory pathway due to abnormal bone formation in skull has not been explored frequently.
We report a twenty six-month-old female child with familial hypophosphatemic ricket who presented abnormal findings of brainstem auditory evoked potential study. The impaired hearing function should be alerted as one of possible accompanying disabilities of the disease.
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