Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

Spinal cord injury

Epidemiology and Assessment of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury With Concomitant Brain Injury: An Observational Study in a Regional Trauma Center: Tae Woong Yang, Dong Ho Yoo, Sungchul Huh, Myung Hun Jang, Yong Beom Shin, Sang Hun Kim; Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):385-392. Published online October 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23054

Objective
To analyze the epidemiological information of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to suggest points to be aware of during the initial physical examination of patients with SCI.
Methods
This study was a retrospective, observational study conducted in a regional trauma center. All the records of patients diagnosed with traumatic SCI between 2016 and 2020 were reviewed. A total of 627 patients with confirmed traumatic SCI were hospitalized. A retrospective study was conducted on 363 individuals.
Results
The epidemiological data of 363 individuals were investigated. Changes in American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) scores in patients with SCI were evaluated. The initial evaluation was performed on average 11 days after the injury, and a follow-up examination was performed 43 days after. Fourteen of the 24 patients identified as having AIS A and SCI with concomitant TBI in the initial evaluation showed neurologic level of injury (NLI) recovery with AIS B or more. The conversion rate in patients with SCI and concomitant TBI exceeded that reported in previous studies in individuals with SCI.
Conclusions
Physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments caused by TBI present significant challenges in rehabilitating patients with SCI. In this study, the influence of concomitant TBI lesions could have caused the initial AIS assessment to be incorrect.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neurologic Decline After Spinal Cord Injury
Zakari R. Dymock, Sara Shahid Salles
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America.2025; 36(1): 47. CrossRef
Screening and outcomes of co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review
Deborah L. Snell, Phoebe Wynands, Jennifer Dunn, Joanne Nunnerley, Alice Theadom
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 57: jrm41897. CrossRef
The Critical Management of Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
Emilio Moreno-González, Antonio Ibarra
Clinics and Practice.2024; 15(1): 2. CrossRef

3,037 View
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Spinal cord injury

Utilizing Pulmonary Function Parameters to Predict Dysphagia in Individuals With Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries: So Jung Lee, Sungchul Huh, Sung-Hwa Ko, Ji Hong Min, Hyun-Yoon Ko; Ann Rehabil Med 2021;45(6):450-458. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.21161

Abstract
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Objective
To utilize pulmonary function parameters as predictive factors for dysphagia in individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries (CSCIs).
Methods
Medical records of 78 individuals with CSCIs were retrospectively reviewed. The pulmonary function was evaluated using spirometry and peak flow meter, whereas the swallowing function was assessed using a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Participants were divided into the non-penetration-aspiration group (score 1 on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale [PAS]) and penetration-aspiration group (scores 2–8 on the PAS). Individuals with pharyngeal residue grade scores >1 were included in the pharyngeal residue group.
Results
The mean age was significantly higher in the penetration-aspiration and pharyngeal residue groups. In this study, individuals with clinical features, such as advanced age, history of tracheostomy, anterior surgical approach, and higher neurological level of injury, had significantly more penetration-aspiration or pharyngeal residue. Individuals in the penetration-aspiration group had significantly lower peak cough flow (PCF) levels. Individuals in the pharyngeal residue group had a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of PCF and FEV1 on the PAS, the cutoff value was 140 L/min and 37.5% of the predicted value, respectively.
Conclusion
Low PCF and FEV1 values may predict the risk of dysphagia in individuals with CSCIs. In these individuals, active evaluation of swallowing is recommended to confirm dysphagia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Methods of diagnosis and rehabilitation of dysphagia in patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Roberta ZUPO, Beatrice POGGI, Nicole CAGGIANO, Giulio VARRONE, Fabio CASTELLANA, Silvia NATOLI, Rodolfo SARDONE, Antonio NARDONE, Chiara PAVESE
European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pulmonary function and sarcopenia as predictors of dysphagia in cervical spinal cord injury
Su Ji Lee, Ji Cheol Shin
Spinal Cord.2024; 62(1): 42. CrossRef
Evaluation of clinical factors predicting dysphagia in patients with traumatic and non-traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: a retrospective study
Jin-Woo Choi, Dae Yeong Kim, Sun Young Joo, Donghwi Park, Min Cheol Chang
Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Coordination Between Respiration and Swallowing in Patients With Dysphagia After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: An Observational Case–Control Study
Xuluan Xu, Qingsu Zhang, Yongqi Xie, Degang Yang, Feng Gao, Yongxue Yuan, Yu Zhang, Jianjun Li
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2024; 33(5): 2572. CrossRef
Flujo máximo de tos y evaluación de la deglución: Una revisión de literatura
Amalia Nanjarí R , María del Carmen Campos
Revista Científica Signos Fónicos.2024; 10(1): 7. CrossRef
Voluntary Cough Testing as a Clinical Indicator of Airway Protection in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Laura Pitts, Valerie K. Hamilton, Erin A. Walaszek, Stephanie Watts, Leora R. Cherney
The Laryngoscope.2023; 133(6): 1434. CrossRef
Association between Anterior Surgical Approach and Dysphagia Severity in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Min Cheol Chang, Dae Yeong Kim, Jin-Woo Choi, Ho Yong Choi, Jin-Sung Park, Donghwi Park
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3227. CrossRef
Successful Continuation of Oral Intake in a Dysphagic and Tetraplegic Patient With Alternate Right and Left Complete Lateral Decubitus Positions in Rehabilitation
Yoshinori Maki, Mayumi Takagawa, Akio Goda, Junichi Katsura, Ken Yanagibashi
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Laryngeal and swallow dysregulation following acute cervical spinal cord injury
Teresa Pitts, Kimberly E. Iceman, Alyssa Huff, M. Nicholas Musselwhite, Michael L. Frazure, Kellyanna C. Young, Clinton L. Greene, Dena R. Howland
Journal of Neurophysiology.2022; 128(2): 405. CrossRef

5,682 View
135 Download
8 Web of Science
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Unilateral Diaphragm Paralysis Associated With Neurosyphilis: A Case Report: Sungchul Huh, Jae Heun Chung, Han Jo Kwon, Hyun-Yoon Ko; Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(4):338-341. Published online July 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.19216

Abstract
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Diaphragm dysfunction can originate from various etiologies, and bilaterality of the dysfunction depends on the cause. Symptoms of diaphragm dysfunction vary depending on the degree of phrenic nerve denervation, spinal cord lesion, and involvement of the diaphragm. Several infectious diaphragmatic dysfunctions have been reported, including the human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, West Nile virus, and dengue virus. Here, we report a case of unilateral diaphragm paralysis in a 34-year-old man with neurosyphilis.

Citations

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TEMPORARY REMOVAL : Diagnóstico de parálisis diafragmática de novo en el estudio de disnea en atención hospitalaria
M.J. Pablo Zaro, I. Benavente Aguilar, Y. Lasierra Périz, D. Herrero Navarro, E. Briz Muñoz, F.J. Garrapiz López, J. Cegoñino de Sus, S. García Sáez, L. Borderías Clau
Neurología.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Diaphragm Muscle Atrophy Contributes to Low Physical Capacity in COVID-19 Survivors
Janusz Kocjan, Mateusz Rydel, Jan Szczegielniak, Katarzyna Bogacz, Mariusz Adamek
Life.2024; 14(9): 1117. CrossRef
Diaphragm Function Parameters in Patients with Severe COVID-19
A. Y. Yakovlev, A. A. Pevnev, M. S. Belous, V. N. Maksimychev, S. I. Chistyakov
General Reanimatology.2022; 18(1): 17. CrossRef

5,848 View
196 Download
2 Web of Science
3 Crossref

Pharmacotherapy Prescription Trends for Cognitive-Behavioral Disorder in Patients With Brain Injury in Korea: Sungchul Huh, Tae Wan Kim, Jung Hyun Yang, Myung Hoon Moon, Soo-Yeon Kim, Hyun-Yoon Ko; Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(1):35-41. Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.1.35

Abstract
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Objective

To investigate the current status of pharmacotherapy prescribed by physiatrists in Korea for cognitive-behavioral disorder.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed by mailing questionnaires to 289 physiatrists working at teaching hospitals. Items on the questionnaire evaluated prescribing patterns of 16 drugs related to cognitive-behavioral therapy, the status of combination pharmacotherapy, and tools for assessing target symptoms.

Results

Fifty physiatrists (17.3%) including 24 (48%) specializing in neurorehabilitation completed the questionnaires. The most common target symptom was attention deficit (29.5%). Donepezil and methylphenidate (96.0%) were the most frequently prescribed drugs for cognitive-behavioral improvement. Mostly, a combination of two drugs was prescribed (38.0%), and the most common combination therapy included donepezil plus methylphenidate (19.1%). Pharmacotherapy for cognitive-behavioral disorder after brain injury was typically initiated within 2 months (69.5%). A follow-up assessment was usually performed at 1 month after treatment initiation (31.0%). The most common reason for treatment discontinuation was improvement of target symptoms (37.8%). The duration of pharmacotherapy was 3–12 months (57.7%), 1–2 years (17.9%), or 1–2 months (13.6%).

Conclusion

According to the survey, combination pharmacotherapy is preferred to monotherapy for the treatment of cognitive-behavioral disorder in patients with brain injury. Physiatrists expressed diverse views on the definition of target symptoms, prescribing patterns, and the status of drug combination therapy. Guidelines are needed for cognitive-behavioral pharmacotherapy. Further research should investigate drug costs and aim to reduce polypharmacy and adverse drug reactions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Research on the changes in balance motion behavior and learning, as well as memory abilities of rats with multiple cerebral concussion-induced chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the underlying mechanism
Huan Zhang, Zhenguang Zhang, Zhen Wang, Yongjiang Zhen, Jiangyun Yu, Hai Song
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef