Objective
To determine the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue on spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics during the extended Timed Up and Go (extended TUG) test in individuals with different severity stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods
Forty individuals with PD, classified as Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages 2 and 3 participated in this pre- and post-experimental study design. The participants performed a continuous sit-to-stand task from a chair based on 30 cycles/min set-up to induce lower limb muscle fatigue. They performed extended TUG test immediately before and after completing the fatigue protocol. Spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics were recorded using two GoPro® Hero 4 Silver cameras. Data were subjected to a repeated-measure ANOVA.
Results
Individuals with PD experience significant changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters, specifically stride velocity and length, under conditions of lower limb muscle fatigue (p=0.001). These changes were more pronounced in individuals with PD in the H&Y stage 3 group. Additionally, both PD groups exhibited difficulty with turning, requiring more than five steps to complete a 180° turn and taking more than 3 seconds to accomplish it.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the impact of muscle fatigue on gait performance in PD and suggest that individuals in later stages of the disease may be particularly affected. Further research is needed to explore interventions that can mitigate these gait impairments and improve mobility in individuals with PD.

Citations

• Comparison of stimulation sites enhancing dual-task performance using transcranial direct current stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
  Seo Jung Yun, Sung Eun Hyun, Woo Hyung Lee, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo
  npj Parkinson's Disease.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Better Understanding Rehabilitation of Motor Symptoms: Insights from the Use of Wearables
  Yunus Celik, Conor Wall, Jason Moore, Alan Godfrey
  Pragmatic and Observational Research.2025; Volume 16: 67.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the effects of the Paraplegia Fitness Integrated Training (PARAFiT) program, which is an integrated graded physical exercise and health education program for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).
Methods
This nonrandomized single-blind study included 44 participants, who were assigned to either an intervention (PARAFiT) group or an active control (conventional physiotherapy) group. The intervention group underwent the PARAFiT program (8 weeks), which consisted of circuit-based interval training, progressive upper limb resistance training, and health education sessions. During the unsupervised period, the intervention group continuously underwent health education program once a month for 2 months (8 weeks). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for the analysis.
Results
The intervention group presented with a higher level of physical activity than did the control group; however, the difference was not significant (p=0.36). Additionally, the intervention group presented with better exercise self-efficacy and cardiorespiratory fitness and stronger bilateral shoulder muscle and handgrip than did the control group (all p<0.05). Exercise adherence was higher in the intervention group than in the control group during both the supervised (80% vs. 75%) and unsupervised (40% vs. 20%) periods.
Conclusion
The PARAFiT program enhanced the level of physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, physical fitness, and exercise adherence among the patients with SCI. Future studies should incorporate guidelines for home-based exercises and regular monitoring to promote long-term adherence to exercise and physical activity among individuals with SCI.

Citations

• Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Exercise Self‐Efficacy Scale in Older People Undergoing Lower Extremity Arthroplasty
  Mina Matsumura, Kimie Fujita, Yuriko Matsunaga‐Myoji, Goro Motomura, Satoshi Hamai, Yasuharu Nakashima
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mental Health Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Scoping Review
  Winslet Ong, Noor Arfa Omar, Asfarina Zanudin, Muhamad Faiz Alias, Lim Hui Wen, Angel Thang Xue Ee, Nor Azlin Mohd Nordin, Haidzir Manaf, Basri Husin, Mahadir Ahmad, Hafifi Hisham
  JMIR Research Protocols.2024; 13: e56081.     CrossRef
• Effects of behaviour change interventions on physical activity in people with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Paul K. Watson, Aitthanatt C. Eitivipart, Glen M. Davis, Mohit Arora, James W. Middleton, Camila Quel De Oliveira
  Psychology of Sport and Exercise.2023; 67: 102408.     CrossRef
• Feasibility, Usability, and Safety of ParaGym, an Intelligent Mobile Exercise App for Individuals With Paraplegia: Protocol for a Pilot Block-Randomized Controlled Trial
  Janika Bolz, Adrian Löscher, Rainer Muhl, Andreas Badke, Hans-Georg Predel, Claudio Perret
  JMIR Research Protocols.2023; 12: e45652.     CrossRef
• Risk Factors for Suicidality in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Focus on Physical and Functional Characteristics
  Sora Han, Wooyeung Kim, Onyoo Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(5): 377.     CrossRef

To promote optimal healthcare delivery in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) following the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, adopting home-based physical activity (PA) is being seriously considered. Therefore, this study aims to outline the characteristics of exercise protocols for home-based PA and the challenges and limitations in implementing home-based PA in patients with T2DM. This scoping review was carried out by identifying eligible studies in six different databases (Scopus, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). The keywords used in the search strategies were: home-based physical activity, home-based exercise therapy, home-based physical exercise, home-based exercise, home-based exercise training, diabetes mellitus, and T2DM. Two reviewers independently screened all full-text articles to find articles that met the eligibility requirements. A total of 443 articles were identified in the search. Approximately 342 articles were excluded by screening titles and abstracts, which led to the selection of 44 articles relevant to the current study. Further screening of the full-text led to the subsequent removal of 34 other articles, leading to 10 studies that were eligible for data extraction. This review suggested that the exercise protocols for home-based PA include resistance exercise using free weight and own body weight with a frequency of two to three sessions per week at moderate intensity, along with aerobic exercise (particularly walking) with a frequency of three to five times per week at moderate intensity. A combination of resistance and aerobic exercise showed more significant benefits of PA in patients with T2DM. More studies regarding home-based PA in T2DM patients with metabolic disorders are warranted.

Citations

• Using continuous glucose monitoring to prescribe an exercise time: A Randomised controlled trial in adults with type 2 diabetes
  Courtney R. Chang, Lauren A. Roach, Brooke M. Russell, Monique E. Francois
  Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.2025; : 112072.     CrossRef
• Pedometer- and accelerometer- based physical activity interventions in Type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Vanessa L.P. de Oliveira, Tatiana P. de Paula, Luciana V. Viana
  Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2024; 34(3): 548.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Home-Based Physical Activity Program on Blood Biomarkers and Health-Related Quality of Life Indices in Saudi Arabian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Jonathan Sinclair, Hussein Ageely, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, Abdulrahman Ahmed Hummadi, Hussain Darraj, Yahia Solan, Robert Allan, Fatma Bahsan, Hassan AL Hafaf, Ali Abohadash, Mohammed Badedi, Lindsay Bottoms
  Life.2023; 13(6): 1413.     CrossRef
• Cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial effects of a remotely supervised home-based exercise program in individuals with type 2 diabetes (RED study): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
  Samara Nickel Rodrigues, Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti, Mauricio Tatsch Ximenes Carvalho, Valentina Bullo, Marco Bergamin, Cristine Lima Alberton
  Trials.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Jump rope training effects on health- and sport-related physical fitness in young participants: A systematic review with meta-analysis
  Utkarsh Singh, Akhilesh Kumar Ramachandran, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Alejandro Perez-Castilla, José Afonso, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Jon Oliver
  Journal of Sports Sciences.2022; 40(16): 1801.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate how gait parameters in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) versus typically developing (TD) children are influenced by secondary concurrent tasks and examine the correlations between gait parameters and attention and balance in children with TBI.
Methods
Sixteen children with TBI (mean age, 11.63±1.89 years) and 22 TD controls (mean age, 11.41±2.24 years) participated in this case-control study. Attention and functional balance were measured using the Children’s Color Trail Test (CCTT) and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). All participants first walked without concurrent tasks and then with concurrent motor and cognitive tasks. The APDM Mobility Lab was used to measure gait parameters, including gait velocity, stride length, stride duration, cadence, and double support time. Repeatedmeasures analysis of variance and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for the analysis.
Results
Children with TBI showed significantly more deterioration in gait performance than TD children (p<0.05). Concurrent tasks (motor and cognitive) significantly decreased gait velocity and cadence and increased stride time; the differences were more obvious during the concurrent cognitive task. A moderate correlation was found between gait parameters (gait velocity and stride length) and CCTT-2 and PBS scores in children with TBI.
Conclusion
Gait performance may be affected by task complexity following TBI. Attention and balance deficits caused deterioration in gait performance under the concurrent task condition in children with TBI. This study illustrates the crucial role of task demand and complexity in dual-task interference.

Citations

• Multiple Head Rotations Result in Persistent Gait Alterations in Piglets
  Mackenzie Mull, Oluwagbemisola Aderibigbe, Marzieh Hajiaghamemar, R. Anna Oeur, Susan S Margulies
  Biomedicines.2022; 10(11): 2976.     CrossRef