Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

"Gowun Kim"

Original Articles

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Comprehensive Physical Work Capacity Evaluations for Korean Farmers Assessed in Healthy Volunteers: Seungsu Jeong, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Sora Baek; Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(6):468-482. Published online November 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23055

Objective
To establish the lower limits of normative values of the physical work capacity for Korean farmers in healthy working individual.
Methods
We developed a comprehensive set of physical work capacity evaluation items that encompass common farming tasks. These items include measurements of trunk flexion/extension angles, strength (hand grip, trunk flexion/extension, leg/back lifting, and pushing/pulling), and positional tolerances. We calculated the normative values for the items and defined the normal range in 124 healthy volunteers aged 20–79 years. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to validate the test-retest reliability of the measurements protocol.
Results
The normal values for each measurement item were as follows: trunk flexion and extension angle (65.3°±11.6° and 29.6°±6.6°), dominant hand grip strength (32.2±10.5 kgf), trunk flexion and extension strength (288.4±119.0 N and 297.3±129.9 N), leg and back lifting strength (452.9±233.5 N and 349.2±166.7 N), pushing and pulling strength (214.7±75.1 N and 221.7±63.3 N), and positional tolerance time (squat: 76.8±9.0 seconds, front: 73.8±7.7 seconds, twist: 82.2±8.8 seconds, upward: 71.9±11.3 seconds). Regarding test-retest reliability, all strength measurements demonstrated excellent absolute agreement (ICC, 0.91–0.96). However, positional tolerance showed poor-to-moderate absolute agreement (ICC, 0.37–0.58).
Conclusion
We conducted measurements of muscle strength and positional tolerance in healthy participants of various ages, focusing on tasks commonly performed by Korean farmers. The outcomes hold significant value as they offer a pertinent instrument for assessing the appropriateness of workers, thereby carrying implications for rehabilitation objectives, legal evaluations, and work capacity assessments within the agricultural domain.

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Brain disorders

Korean Version of the Longer-Term Unmet Needs After Stroke Questionnaire: Sora Baek, Won-Seok Kim, Yul-Hyun Park, Yun Sun Jung, Won Kee Chang, Gowun Kim, Nam-Jong Paik; Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):367-376. Published online October 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23044

Objective
To translate the 22-item Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke (LUNS) questionnaire, validate it in the Korean stroke population, and assess the reliability of face-to-face and telephone surveys.
Methods
Sixty-six adult patients with stroke from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Kangwon National University Hospital were involved in the validation. Participants were interviewed twice using the LUNS Korean version: first, a face-to-face survey for validation, and second, a telephone survey for test-retest reliability. Participants completed the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) and Short Form 12 (SF-12) Mental and Physical Component Summary (MCS and PCS) scores at the first interview. For concurrent validity, the differences in health status (FAI, SF-12 MCS and PCS) between the groups that reported unmet needs and those that did not were analyzed for each item. Cohen’s kappa and percentage of agreement between the first and second administrations were calculated for each item to determine the test-retest reliability.
Results
The average age of the participants was 61.2±12.8 years and 74.2% were male. Fifty-seven patients were involved in the second interview. Depending on the unmet needs, SF-12 MCS, PCS, and FAI were significantly different in 12 of 22 items. In the test-retest reliability test, 12 items had a kappa of 0.6 or higher, and two had a kappa of <0.4.
Conclusion
The LUNS instrument into Korean (LUNS-K) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing unmet health needs in patients with stroke. In addition, telephone surveys can be considered reliable.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke monitoring tool for stroke patients
Fanling Li, Chang Gao, Yan Qu, Xiaohong Hu, Yue Ma, Wenxuan Ding, Xiaomei Li, Jingjun Zhang
Disability and Rehabilitation.2024; : 1. CrossRef

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Dysphagia

Esophageal Motility Disorders in Patients With Esophageal Barium Residue After Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study: Jintae Park, Sora Baek, Gowun Kim, Seung-Joo Nam, Ji Hyun Kim; Ann Rehabil Med 2022;46(5):237-247. Published online October 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22039

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate esophageal motility disorders in patients with esophageal residual barium on chest x-rays after videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) through high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM).
Methods
We reviewed the records of 432 patients who underwent VFSS from September 2019 to May 2021, and 85 patients (19.7%) with large residual barium (diameter ≥1 cm) were included. As a result of HREM, motility disorders were classified as major or minor motility disorders according. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and chest computed tomography results available were also reviewed.
Results
Among 85 patients with large residual barium in the esophagus, 16 patients (18.8%) underwent HREM. Abnormal esophageal motilities were identified in 68.8% patient: three patients (18.8%) had major motility disorders—achalasia (n=1), esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction (n=2)—and eight patients (50%) had minor motility disorders—ineffective esophageal motility (n=7), fragmented peristalsis (n=1). In those with normal esophageal motility, three patients of esophageal structure disorders (18.8%)—esophageal cancer (n=1), cardiogenic dysphagia (n=1), slight narrowing without obstruction of EGJ (n=1)—and two patients (12.5%) with chronic atrophic gastritis (n=2) were confirmed.
Conclusion
Esophageal motility disorders were identified in 68.8% of 16 patients with large esophageal residual barium with three patients in the major and eight patients in the minor categories. Residual barium in the esophagus was not rare and can be a sign of significant esophageal motility disorders.

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Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Associations Between Trunk Muscle/Fat Composition, Narrowing Lumbar Disc Space, and Low Back Pain in Middle-Aged Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study: Sora Baek, Hee-won Park, Gowun Kim; Ann Rehabil Med 2022;46(3):122-132. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.21201

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate the association of trunk fat and muscle composition, lumbar disc space narrowing, and low back pain in middle-aged farmers.
Methods
Fat and muscle areas were identified using standard Hounsfield unit ranges for adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with computed tomography images at the mid-L4 vertebral level. Trunk fat mass, muscle mass, and fat/muscle mass ratio were calculated. Low back pain was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The L4/5-disc space and low back pain were also assessed.
Results
Male had a higher total trunk, back, psoas, and abdominal muscle mass, and visceral fat; female had a higher subcutaneous fat mass and fat/muscle ratio. Pearson correlation coefficients with ODI for waist circumference, total fat mass, visceral fat mass, and fat/muscle ratio were all significant in female; only the fat/muscle ratio was significant in male. Pearson correlation coefficients with L4/5-disc space narrowing grades for visceral fat mass, total, back, and psoas muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio, were all significant in female; total and back muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio in male.
Conclusion
There were significant relationships between: fat indicators with low back pain; trunk muscle mass with lumbar disc degeneration; and fat/muscle ratio with both lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain. The fat/muscle ratio may be a useful index for low back pain.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between a body shape index and low back pain: a cross-sectional study highlighting gender-specific differences in NHANES data
Shiwei Xie, Heng Xiao, Gengwu Li, Jigen Zheng, Fan Zhang, Yuping Lan, Mingwei Luo
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Biomechanical changes in females with poly cystic ovarian syndrome: a case–control study
Eman E. Kamal, Hamada A. Hamada, Reda Sayed Ashour, Amel M. Yousef, Rovan M. Elbesh
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the Relationship Between Low Back Pain, Physical Activity, Posture, and Body Composition in Older Women
Barbara Rosolek, Dan Iulian Alexe, Krystyna Gawlik, Elena Adelina Panaet, Ilie Mihai, Bogdan Alexandru Antohe, Anna Zwierzchowska
Healthcare.2025; 13(9): 1054. CrossRef
Association of Body Mass Index and Central Obesity with Spinopelvic Alignment Parameters in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Study
Hao Qi, Zenghui Zhao, Feiyu Zu, Chenxi Wang, Chenchen Wang, Zuzhuo Zhang, Xiaonan Tian, Dan Su, Zhaoxuan Wang, Rui Xue, Zhiyong Hou, Wei Chen, Di Zhang
World Neurosurgery.2024; 189: e153. CrossRef
The Effect of Intraabdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Volume and Muscle Volume on Lumbar Vertebrae Degeneration
Rabia Mihriban Kilinc, Fatih İlker Can
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Fat Hounsfield Unit Reference Interval Derived through an Indirect Method
Marian Pop, Marius Mărușteri
Diagnostics.2023; 13(11): 1913. CrossRef
Relationships Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Lumbar Lordosis, and Chronic Low Back Pain in the Elderly
Myung Woo Park, Sang Jun Park, Sun Gun Chung
Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 959. CrossRef
Back Extensor Strength as a Potential Marker of Frailty Using Propensity Score Matching and Machine Learning
Taewook Kim, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Sora Baek
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(19): 6156. CrossRef
Comprehensive Physical Work Capacity Evaluations for Korean Farmers Assessed in Healthy Volunteers
Seungsu Jeong, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Sora Baek
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 468. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 459. CrossRef

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Dysphagia

Peak Voluntary Cough Flow and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia as Risk Factors for Pneumonia: Jayoon Choi, Sora Baek, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park; Ann Rehabil Med 2021;45(6):431-439. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.21068

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate the relationship between voluntary peak cough flow (PCF), oropharyngeal dysphagia, and pneumonia in patients who were evaluated with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS).
Methods
Patients who underwent both VFSS and PCF measurement on the same day were enrolled retrospectively (n=821). Pneumonia (n=138) and control (n=683) groups were assigned based on presence of pneumonia within 1 month from the date of VFSS assessment. In addition, sex, age (<65 and ≥65 years), preceding conditions, modified Barthel Index (MBI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), PCF value (<160, ≥160 and <270, and ≥270 L/min), and presence of aspiration/penetration on VFSS were reviewed.
Results
Pneumonia group was more likely to be male (n=108; 78.3%), ≥65 years (n=121; 87.7%), with neurodegenerative (n=25; 18.1%) or other miscellaneous diseases (n=50; 36.2%), and in poor functional level with lower value of MBI (39.1±26.59). However, MMSE was not significantly different in comparison to that of the control group. The pneumonia group was also more likely to have dysphagia (82.6%) and lower value of PCF (<160 L/min, 70.3%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex (odd ratio [OR]=6.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.70–16.26), other miscellaneous diseases as preceding conditions (OR=2.52; 95% CI, 1.14–5.58), dysphagia (OR=3.82; 95% CI, 1.42–10.23), and PCF <160 L/min (OR=14.34; 95% CI, 1.84–111.60) were factors significantly related with pneumonia.
Conclusion
Impaired swallowing and coughing function showed an independent association with the development of pneumonia. Patients with PCF <160 L/min require more attention with lung care and should be encouraged with voluntary coughing strategy to prevent possible pulmonary complications.

Citations

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Predictors of Pneumonia in Patients With Penetration-Aspirations Detected on Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
Raviv Allon, Elad Babayof, Yonatan Lahav, Yael Shapira-Galitz
Dysphagia.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Sound‐based cough peak flow estimation in patients with neuromuscular disorders
Bernat Bertran Recasens, Ana Balañá Corberó, Juana María Martínez Llorens, Anna Guillen‐Sola, Montserrat Villatoro Moreno, Greta García Escobar, Yasutaka Umayahara, Zu Soh, Toshio Tsuji, Miguel Ángel Rubio
Muscle & Nerve.2024; 69(2): 213. CrossRef
Differences in cough strength, respiratory function, and physical performance in older adults with and without low swallowing function in the repetitive saliva swallowing test
Hideo Kaneko, Akari Suzuki, Yoshiharu Nagai, Jun Horie
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2024; 36(5): 273. CrossRef
Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Cough Strength in Older People With Frailty: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Tatsuya Morishita, Shusuke Toyama, Kazuaki Suyama, Fumiya Nagata, Masatoshi Itaki, Takako Tanaka, Shuntaro Sato, Yuji Ishimatsu, Terumitsu Sawai, Ryo Kozu
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024; 105(11): 2062. CrossRef
Effects of Home-Based Daily Respiratory Muscle Training on Swallowing Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Mónica Zapata-Soria, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró, Esther Prados-Román, Javier Martín-Nuñez, Marie Carmen Valenza
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(18): 5547. CrossRef
Flujo máximo de tos y evaluación de la deglución: Una revisión de literatura
Amalia Nanjarí R , María del Carmen Campos
Revista Científica Signos Fónicos.2024; 10(1): 7. CrossRef
Metabolic and ventilatory changes during postural change from the supine position to the reclining position in bedridden older patients
Yoji Yamada, Yuji Mitani, Akio Yamamoto, Kazumo Miura, Kanji Yamada, Yukari Oki, Yutaro Oki, Yasumichi Maejima, Yoko Kurumatani, Akira Ishikawa
Medicine.2023; 102(10): e33250. CrossRef
Correlation Between Articulatory Diadochokinetic Parameters and Dysphagia Parameters in Subacute Stroke Patients
Back Min Oh, Hyun Seok, Sang-Hyun Kim, Seung Yeol Lee, Su Jung Park, Beom Jin Kim, Hyun Jung Kim
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(3): 192. CrossRef
Deterioration of Cough, Respiratory, and Vocal Cord Functions in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy
Takashi Asakawa, Mieko Ogino, Naomi Tominaga, Naoto Ozaki, Jin Kubo, Wataru Kakuda
Neurology International.2023; 15(4): 1227. CrossRef

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Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

The Association Between Sagittal Plane Alignment and Disc Space Narrowing of Lumbar Spine in Farmers: Ki Hoon Park, Sora Baek, Eun Kyoung Kang, Hee-won Park, Gowun Kim, Sung Hyun Kim; Ann Rehabil Med 2021;45(4):294-303. Published online August 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.21037

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate whether lumbar lordosis (LL) and lumbar segmental lordosis (LSL) are related to sex, age, low back pain (LBP), and lumbar disc space narrowing (DSN).
Methods
A total of 569 farmers were recruited. In lateral spine radiograph, LL (L1–L5) and LSL (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5) were measured using Cobb’s method. The differences in LSL values (ΔLSL) according to the presence or absence of a DSN were calculated as LSL_DSN – LSL_noDSN for each DSN level.
Results
In male, the lateral spine radiograph showed significantly greater L4-LSL and L5-LSL and smaller L1-LSL and L2-LSL compared to female. LLs in the 50–59 and ≥60 years age groups were significantly smaller compared to those in the <50 years age group. In subjects with LBP, LL and L4-LSL were significantly smaller than in those without. The ΔLSLs at the disc level with DSN showed the greatest decrease: L1-ΔLSL (Δ-3.99°), L2-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), L3-ΔLSL (Δ-2.87°), L4-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), and L5-ΔLSL (Δ-4.44°) in L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 DSN, respectively. Conversely, distant ΔLSLs were inversely increased: L1-LSL (Δ0.75°) with L4/5 DSN and L2-LSL (Δ0.94°) with L5/S1 DSN.
Conclusion
Sagittal plane alignment was significantly associated with sex, age, LBP, and DSN. LSLs around the levels of DSN were decreased, and there was compensational increase of LSL distant to the DSN to maintain the overall LL.

Citations

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Minimally invasive biportal endoscopic spinal surgery for central canal stenosis in low-grade degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: clinical outcomes and implications: a retrospective observational study
Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Ho-Jin Lee, Sang Bum Kim, Sang Hyeok Lee, Sang Shin Lee, Ju-Eun Kim
Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): 242. CrossRef
MRI study on the influence of lumbosacral vertebral body and disc factors on lumbar lordosis in children
Hong Ren, Nan Lin, Peng Zhao, Huizhi Han, Hui Zhao, Lianxiang Xiao, Mimi Tian, Xiangtao Lin
European Spine Journal.2024; 33(12): 4449. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korean Farmers: Survey on Occupational Diseases in 2020 and 2022
Jinheum Kim, Kanwoo Youn, Jinwoo Park
Healthcare.2024; 12(20): 2026. CrossRef
Imaging observation of intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with old thoracolumbar fracture-related kyphotic deformity
Xi-long Cui, Ao Ding, Wen Yin, Wan-mei Yang, Wei Zhang, Hao Wu, Ji-shi Jiang, Yun-lei Zhai, Zi-kai Hua, Hai-yang Yu
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between Ergonomic Burden Assessed Using 20-Item Agricultural Work-Related Ergonomic Risk Questionnaire and Shoulder, Low Back, and Leg Pain in Korean Farmers
Sora Baek, Jintae Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Gowun Kim, Hyocher Kim, Hee-Won Park
Journal of Agromedicine.2023; 28(3): 532. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 459. CrossRef

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Impact of Co-occurring Dysarthria and Aphasia on Functional Recovery in Post-stroke Patients: Gowun Kim, David Min, Eun-ok Lee, Eun Kyoung Kang; Ann Rehabil Med 2016;40(6):1010-1017. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.6.1010

Abstract
PDF

Objective

To elucidate the impact of co-occurring dysarthria and aphasia on functional recovery in post-stroke patients.

Methods

The medical records, including results of primary screening tests and secondary definite examinations for language problems, of 130 patients admitted to our institute's Department of Rehabilitation Medicine were retrospectively reviewed. Functional outcomes were assessed longitudinally using the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K), European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions 3-Level version (EQ-5D-3L), the Korean version of the Modified Barthel index (K-MBI), and Motricity Index (MI) of the hemiplegic side.

Results

Patients were classified into four groups regarding language function: aphasia only (group A, n=9), dysarthria only (group D, n=12), aphasia and dysarthria (group AD, n=46), and none (group N, n=55). The initial functional outcome scores in the group AD were significantly poor compared to those of the groups N and A. Within groups, there were significant improvements in all outcome measurements in the groups AD and N. A between-group analysis revealed significant improvements in K-MBI for the group AD after adjusting for the initial severity and patient's age compared to other groups.

Conclusion

Post-stroke patients suffering from aphasia with dysarthria showed significantly lower initial functional level and relatively wide range of recovery potential in activities of daily living compared to patients without language problems.

Citations

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Anastasya M. Tynterova, Evgenii R. Barantsevich, Natalia N. Shusharina, Matvey S. Khoymov
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Sibel Karşıdağ, Yasemin Ekmekyapar Fırat, Fettah Eren, Sibel Canbaz Kabay, Murat Terzi
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Case Report

Calcific Tendinopathy of the Gluteus Medius Mimicking Lumbar Radicular Pain Successfully Treated With Barbotage: A Case Report: Hannae Jo, Gowun Kim, Sora Baek, Hee-won Park; Ann Rehabil Med 2016;40(2):368-372. Published online April 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2016.40.2.368

Abstract
PDF

We report a case of calcific tendinopathy of the gluteus medius initially misdiagnosed as a lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. It was successfully treated with barbotage under ultrasonographic guidance finally. A 56-year-old woman was referred to interventional pain clinic for right hip pain due to an L5-S1 disc herniation. Serial L5 and S1 spinal nerve root blocks and epidural steroid injections were administered. However, pain relief was sustained only for a very short period. Plain radiography of the right hip revealed a solid calcific nodule at adjacent to the insertion site of the gluteus medius tendon. Physical modalities and extracorporeal shock wave therapy failed to improve the pain. Therefore, we attempted ultrasound-guided barbotage of the calcification. Barbotage was performed twice serially and her pain was considerably improved. At 6-month follow-up, the calcification was completely resolved.

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Federica Delbello, Paolo Spinnato, Maria Pilar Aparisi Gomez
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Chen Jian, Wang Dan, Wang Gangliang
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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