Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is widely used to improve spasticity. However, after the treatment, the patient may experience pain, inflammation, swelling and redness at the injection site. In this case, we addressed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after BoNT treatment of the upper limb. A male aged 37 years had spasticity and dystonia in his left upper extremity. BoNT-A 100 U was injected into the left biceps brachii and an equal amount into the brachialis to relieve spasticity. After three days, he developed redness and painful swelling in the left upper arm and the next day, through the upper extremity computed tomography venography, DVT was identified in the left cephalic vein. The thrombus resolved after the anticoagulation therapy with rivaroxaban (Xarelto). We hypothesized the role of mainly three mechanisms in the development of DVT in this case: repetitive strenuous activity, relative stasis due to reduced muscle tone, and possible direct mechanical damage to the vessel wall.

High-riding right brachiocephalic and subclavian arteries are often asymptomatic and rare vascular variations. We present a patient with high-riding right brachiocephalic and subclavian arteries that caused compressive pharyngeal and cervical esophageal dysphagia. An 82-year-old woman presented to our hospital with dysphagia that worsened with solid food. A pulsatile lump was observed on the right neck side. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study showed a deviated food bolus movement anterolaterally from the normal vertical pharyngoesophageal transition, with a filling defect in the lower pharynx through the upper esophagus. Neck computed tomography (CT) showed high-riding right brachiocephalic and subclavian arteries and a tortuous right common carotid artery located adjacent to the trachea in the cervical area. The cervical midline structures were deviated to the left neck side. A neck mass with vascular variation should be considered as a cause of dysphagia that worsens with solid food; CT should be considered to determine its cause.

Citations

• High-Riding Inominate Artery: Challenge During Tracheostomy
  E-Ting Wannitta Wong, Jeyasakthy Saniasiaya, Anas Tharek, Nur Syazwani Sallehuddin
  Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2023; 75(4): 3878.     CrossRef

Diaphragm dysfunction can originate from various etiologies, and bilaterality of the dysfunction depends on the cause. Symptoms of diaphragm dysfunction vary depending on the degree of phrenic nerve denervation, spinal cord lesion, and involvement of the diaphragm. Several infectious diaphragmatic dysfunctions have been reported, including the human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, West Nile virus, and dengue virus. Here, we report a case of unilateral diaphragm paralysis in a 34-year-old man with neurosyphilis.

Citations

• TEMPORARY REMOVAL : Diagnóstico de parálisis diafragmática de novo en el estudio de disnea en atención hospitalaria
  M.J. Pablo Zaro, I. Benavente Aguilar, Y. Lasierra Périz, D. Herrero Navarro, E. Briz Muñoz, F.J. Garrapiz López, J. Cegoñino de Sus, S. García Sáez, L. Borderías Clau
  Neurología.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diaphragm Muscle Atrophy Contributes to Low Physical Capacity in COVID-19 Survivors
  Janusz Kocjan, Mateusz Rydel, Jan Szczegielniak, Katarzyna Bogacz, Mariusz Adamek
  Life.2024; 14(9): 1117.     CrossRef
• Diaphragm Function Parameters in Patients with Severe COVID-19
  A. Y. Yakovlev, A. A. Pevnev, M. S. Belous, V. N. Maksimychev, S. I. Chistyakov
  General Reanimatology.2022; 18(1): 17.     CrossRef

Internal auditory canal (IAC) stenosis with hypoplasia of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves is a rare cause of congenital facial palsy. In this case report, a 3-month-old female infant was referred for a neurological developmental assessment for developmental delay and congenital facial palsy. Upon evaluation of developmental delay, hearing loss was detected. Following a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain and a computed tomography scan of the temporal bone, IAC stenosis with hypoplasia of facial and vestibular nerves was diagnosed. This is a rare case of IAC stenosis in an infant with initial presentations of left facial palsy and developmental delay associated with hearing loss in the left ear. We strongly suggest that IAC stenosis be considered a cause of congenital facial palsy in infants, especially in patients with developmental delay. In infants with congenital facial palsy, a thorough physical examination and neurological developmental assessment should be performed.

Citations

• Unilateral Double-Barreled Internal Auditory Meatus with Severe Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Diagnostic Challenge
  G Selvarajan, R Vaishnavi, P Mithun Anand, Balaji Jeevanandham
  Indian Journal of Otology.2023; 29(1): 66.     CrossRef
• Unilateral Double-Barreled Internal Auditory Meatus with Severe Sensorineural Hearing Loss
  G. Selvarajan, R. Vaishnavi, Mithun Anand Prateep, Balaji Jeevanandham
  Indian Journal of Otology.2022; 28(1): 84.     CrossRef

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS) is a rare distal arthrogryposis syndrome. There are few reports on the respiratory insufficiency of FSS. Additionally, there is no detailed information on pulmonary functional evaluation. A 17-year-old male patient with FSS developed respiratory failure, leading him to be admitted to hospital several times for evaluation and treatment. Of those times he was admitted, two were due to pneumonia. His pulmonary functions were indicative of a restrictive lung disease potentially caused by severe scoliosis. After a non-invasive ventilatorwas applied correctly to the patient, pulmonary hypertension was normalized. His pulmonary function has been maintained for 13 years. Since receiving proper respiratory care, which includes assisted coughing methods, the patient has not developed pneumonia. It is important to properly evaluate the pulmonary function of patients who have FSS and scoliosis to eliminate the risk of long-term respiratory complications.

Citations

• Letter: Precise Pulmonary Function Evaluation and Management of a Patient With Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome Associated With Recurrent Pneumonia and Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency (Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44:165-70)
  Mikaela I. Poling, Craig R. Dufresne
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 44(5): 409.     CrossRef
• Response: Precise Pulmonary Function Evaluation and Management of a Patient With Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome Associated With Recurrent Pneumonia and Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency (Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44:165-70)
  Jihyun Park, Seong-Woong Kang, Won Ah Choi, Yewon Lee, Han Eol Cho
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 44(5): 411.     CrossRef

Arytenoid cartilage dislocation is one of the most common mechanical causes of vocal fold immobility. The most common etiologies are intubation and external trauma, but its incidence is lower than 0.1%. Its symptoms include dysphonia, vocal fatigue, loss of vocal control, breathiness, odynophagia, dysphagia, dyspnea, and cough. Although there are some reports of arytenoid cartilage dislocation in adults, there are only few reports on its occurrence in children. It is particularly difficult to detect the symptoms of arytenoid cartilage dislocation in uncooperative pediatric patients with brain lesions without verbal output or voluntary expression. We report a case of arytenoid cartilage dislocation with incidental findings in a videofluoroscopic swallowing study performed to evaluate the swallowing function.

Citations

• Incidence and Risk Factors of Arytenoid Dislocation Following Endotracheal Intubation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Nasser Saad Alalyani, Alhanouf Abdulaziz Alhedaithy, Hind Khaled Alshammari, Rafeef I AlHajress, Rakan H Alelyani, Malak Fawaz Alshammari, Abdullah Hassan Alhalafi, Amani Alharbi, Nada Aldabal
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

We report two cases of postictal urinary retention in pediatric patients with cognitive impairment. Two girls with intellectual disabilities, concomitant cerebral palsy (case 1) and Rett syndrome (case 2), developed urinary retention following seizures. Their caregivers brought them to the hospital with complaints of abdominal distension. After excluding neurological progression, they were referred to the rehabilitation clinic for the evaluation and management of postictal urinary retention. We followed two different approaches in each case to restore normal urination. While serial manual cystometrograms were performed in case 1, clean intermittent catheterization with a voiding diary was performed in case 2 until restoration of normal urination. Based on these pediatric cases of successfully managed postictal urinary retention, we suggest that more attention may be needed for children with cognitive impairment to diagnose and manage postictal urinary retention.

Citations

• Neurogenic Bladder: A Rare Autonomic Sign in a Patient With Preserved Speech Variant (Zappella Variant) Rett Syndrome
  Özge Tanıdır Artan, Büşranur Çavdarlı, Umut Selda Bayrakçı, Bilge Karabulut, Aydan Değerliyurt
  Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• Acute urinary retention in pediatric cerebral palsy: Is there an optimal management strategy?
  Laura B. Cornwell, Emily Ewing, Jeffrey Algra, George J. Chiang
  Journal of Pediatric Urology.2021; 17(4): 527.e1.     CrossRef

Flank pain is a common reason for visits to the emergency room. The most common reason warranting hospital visits are urology-related problems. However, there are many other causes, such as musculoskeletal lesions, that difficult to achieve a correct diagnosis. Here, we describe a rare case of flank pain caused by thoracolumbar junction syndrome, accompanying renal artery stenosis. A 54-year-old male with hypertension presented with severe left flank pain for 1 week. Initially, he was diagnosed with left renal artery stenosis by computed tomography and decreased renal function on renal scan (Tc-99m DTPA). Although a stent was inserted into the left renal artery, flank pain persisted with only minor improvement. Through detailed physical examination, he was finally diagnosed with thoracolumbar junction syndrome. After three injections in the left deep paravertebral muscles at the T10–T12 levels, flank pain completely ceased. Clinicians must consider thoracolumbar junction syndrome, when treating patients with flank pain.

Lymphedema, a chronic disease that lowers patients’ quality of life, is categorized as primary or secondary. Secondary lymphedema can be improved by treating the underlying cause. However, in many cases, efforts are not made to identify the primary cause of lymphedema and treatment is targeted at the edema itself, resulting in misdiagnosis. Here, we describe the case of a 61-year-old man with right leg edema of unknown cause that had persisted for 3 years. Intestinal tuberculosis was confirmed during a re-evaluation of the cause, and his symptoms improved after anti-tuberculous treatment. This improvement was assessed qualitatively by indocyanine green lymphography before and after treatment, as well as by observation of the clinical symptoms. Lower extremity lymphedema caused by intestinal tuberculosis is extremely rare, and this case reveals the importance of continuing to identify the causes of resistant pathologies.

Citations

• Recombinant VEGF-C (Cys156Ser) improves mesenteric lymphatic drainage and gut immune surveillance in experimental cirrhosis
  Pinky Juneja, Syed Nazrin Ruhina Rahman, Deepika Jakhar, Akash Kumar Mourya, Dinesh M. Tripathi, Impreet Kaur, Vaibhav Tiwari, Sumati Rohilla, Abhishek Gupta, Preety Rawal, Sukriti Baweja, Archana Rastogi, V.G.M. Naidu, Shiv K. Sarin, Subham Banerjee, Sav
  JHEP Reports.2023; 5(10): 100816.     CrossRef
• Acquired lymphedema: Molecular contributors and future directions for developing intervention strategies
  Ika Nurlaila, Kangsan Roh, Chang-Hwan Yeom, Hee Kang, Sukchan Lee
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

A 43-year-old woman suffered from drooling and dysphagia after a stroke in the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. Videofluoroscopic swallowing study showed compatible findings of cricopharyngeal dysphagia. Despite the injection of botulinum neurotoxin, no symptom improvement was achieved and pharyngeal dystonia was considered as the cause. Medications for dystonia dramatically helped with saliva control and resulted in a small improvement in the progression of food from the pharyngeal to esophageal phase. After adjusting the drug dose, the patient was able to perform social activities without drooling. Moreover, she could consume food orally; however, this was limited to small amounts of liquid, and the main method of nutrition support was via an orogastric tube. Therefore, we suggest that physicians should make a differential diagnosis of combined dystonia in patients complaining of dysphagia by esophageal manometry and electromyography.

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare autosomal recessive neurovisceral lysosomal lipid storage disorder. The clinical manifestations of the disorder are variable. This report describes the case of a 27-month-old girl with NP-C whose condition had been misdiagnosed as spastic cerebral palsy (CP). She had spasticity, particularly at both ankles, and gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed findings suspicious of sequelae from a previous insult, such as periventricular leukomalacia, leading to the diagnosis of CP. However, she had a history of hepatosplenomegaly when she was a fetus and her motor development had deteriorated, with symptoms of vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, cataplexy, and ataxia developing gradually. Therefore, NP-C was considered and confirmed with a genetic study, which showed mutation of the NPC1 gene. Thus, if a child with CP-like symptoms presents with a deteriorating course and NP-C-specific symptoms, NP-C should be cautiously considered.

Citations

• Clinical Characteristics Suggestive of a Genetic Cause in Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
  Anna M. Janzing, Erik Eklund, Tom J. De Koning, Hendriekje Eggink
  Pediatric Neurology.2024; 153: 144.     CrossRef
• Brain imaging in children with neonatal cholestatic liver disease: A systematic review
  Thora Wesenberg Helt, Lars Søndergaard Johansen, Daniel Faurholt‐Jepsen, Vibeke Andrée Larsen, Lise Borgwardt, Jann Mortensen, Vibeke Brix Christensen
  Acta Paediatrica.2024; 113(6): 1168.     CrossRef
• How is cerebral palsy different from other childhood neurological disorders?
  Mercedes Cabezas-López
  Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology.2023; 9(2): 64.     CrossRef
• Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Diagnosed Using Neonatal Cholestasis Gene Panel
  Sun Woo Park, Ji Hong Park, Hye Jeong Moon, Minsoo Shin, Jin Soo Moon, Jae Sung Ko
  The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 78(4): 240.     CrossRef

It is difficult to distinguish Hirayama disease (HD) from other mimicking disorders in adolescent patients with distal upper limb weakness. The prevailing theory of HD postulates that the lower cervical cord is susceptible to compression during neck flexion because of insufficient growth of the dura relative to the spinal column. Confirmation of a dynamic change in the dorsal epidural space on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during neck flexion is essential for diagnosing HD. However, neck flexion MRI has not been routinely performed in juvenile patients with distal upper limb weakness in the absence of suspected HD. We report two cases of HD that were initially confused with other diseases because of insufficient or absent cervical flexion during MRI. Full-flexion MRI showed typical findings of HD in both cases. Our cases suggest that dynamic cervical MRI in the fully flexed position is necessary for evaluating suspected HD.

We report two cases of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) caused by nitrous oxide (N₂O) gas intoxication, which is rarely reported in Korea. Two patients recreationally inhaled N₂O gas daily for several months. They presented with paresthesia of limbs, voiding difficulty, and gait disturbance. The initial vitamin B₁₂ levels were normal or decreased, but homocysteine levels of the two patients were increased. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed T2-weighted hyperintensity in the bilateral dorsal columns of the cervical spinal cord. Electromyography and somatosensory evoked potential tests for both patients suggested posterior column lesion of the spinal cord combined with sensorimotor polyneuropathy. According to these findings, we concluded that the two patients had SCD. The patient’s symptoms partially improved after cessation of N₂O gas inhalation and the receiving of vitamin B₁₂ supplementation therapy. As the incidence of recreational N₂O gas inhalation is increasing in Korea, physicians must be alert to the N₂O induced SCD in patients presenting with progressive myelopathy.

Citations

• Neurotoxicity mechanisms and clinical implications of six common recreational drugs
  Jing Wang, Yulei Hao, Di Ma, Liangshu Feng, Feng Yang, Pingxu An, Xingqi Su, Jiachun Feng
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Current regulations in context: Scraping Australia's online nitrous oxide market
  Samuel Gresham, Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer
  International Journal of Drug Policy.2025; 139: 104773.     CrossRef
• Neurological Manifestations Induced by Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Maud Pichon, Loubna Majhadi, Anne-Marie Menn
  The Neurologist.2024; 29(2): 113.     CrossRef
• It is time to take nitrous oxide seriously without waiting for more evidence of harms
  Julaine Allan, Jacqui Cameron, Helen Simpson, Kenny Kor
  Addiction.2024; 119(4): 619.     CrossRef
• Nitrous oxide tank cold burn to the forearm: a case study and discussion of the literature
  Oliver Allen, Muireann Keating
  Emergency Nurse.2024; 32(4): 22.     CrossRef
• Mechanisms and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of nitrous oxide-induced peripheral neuropathy: a narrative review
  Xiaodi Zou, Fangyu Yi, Weijie Zhou, Yanzhao Dong, Ahmad Alhaskawi, Haiying Zhou, Sohaib Hasan Abdullah Ezzi, Vishnu Goutham Kota, Mohamed Hasan Abdulla Hasan Abdulla, Olga Alenikova, Sahar Ahmed Abdalbary, Hui Lu, Changxin Wang
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Clinical case of funicular myelosis in combination with a concomitant genetic predisposition to folate cycle disorder
  O.D. Shulga , E.A. Popko, A.S. Chabanova , O.G. Kotsiuba , Q. Hussain
  Medicni perspektivi.2024; 29(2): 229.     CrossRef
• Nitrous Oxide-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Myelopathy in Whippets Abusers: A Report of Two Cases
  Fahim Barmak, Jamil Numan, Mariam Shabih, Justin Nolte, Jason Adams, Paul Ferguson, Syed Hashim A Inam
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Use of the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) in the management of nitrous oxide (N2O)-induced spinal cord injury
  Charlotte Buttery, Jonathan Birns, Jamie Gibson, Gareth David Jones
  BMJ Case Reports.2023; 16(2): e252529.     CrossRef
• Severe length‐dependent peripheral polyneuropathy in a patient with subacute combined spinal cord degeneration secondary to recreational nitrous oxide abuse: A case report and literature review
  Ventzislav Bonev, Mark Wyatt, Matthew J. Barton, Michael A. Leitch
  Clinical Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Secondary to Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Aamir Khan, Ayesha Zafar, Hira Hamid, Bilal Ahmad
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Case of Subacute Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Due to Vitamin B12 Deficiency Triggered by Nitrous Oxide Use
  Alvin Soh Weng Yan, Abuobeida Ali , Jordon Kong, Lewis Cooney, Junaid Akhtar, Tina Maheswaran, Michael Davies, Yash Prasad
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Update on Toxic Neuropathies
  Jannik Peters, Nathan P. Staff
  Current Treatment Options in Neurology.2022; 24(5): 203.     CrossRef
• Peripheral polyneuropathy and acute psychosis from chronic nitrous oxide poisoning: A case report with literature review
  Radhika Sood, Thibault Parent
  Medicine.2022; 101(31): e28611.     CrossRef
• Severe Isolated Peripheral Polyneuropathy without Myelopathy after Nitrous Oxide Abuse: A Case Report
  Seung-Min Baek, Seungbok Lee, Yu-Mi Kim, Eun-Sil Kim
  Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases.2022; 24(2): 50.     CrossRef
• A Systematic Review of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: Implications for Policy, Service Delivery and Individuals
  Julaine Allan, Jacqui Cameron, Juliana Bruno
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11567.     CrossRef
• Vitamin B12status in health and disease: a critical review. Diagnosis of deficiency and insufficiency – clinical and laboratory pitfalls
  Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora, Edgard Delvin, Andrew McCaddon, Kourosh R. Ahmadi, Dominic J. Harrington
  Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences.2021; 58(6): 399.     CrossRef
• Nitrous Oxide Abuse‐Induced Subacute Combined Degeneration: Classic Neuroimaging Findings on MRI
  A.K. Kirsch, S.M. Allison, S.A. Kilanowski
  Neurographics.2021; 11(2): 72.     CrossRef
• Spectrum of nitrous oxide intoxication related neurological disorders in Korea: a case series and literature review
  Jungsoo Lee, Yangmi Park, Hyunkee Kim, Nakhoon Kim, Wonjae Sung, Sanggon Lee, Jinseok Park
  Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology.2021; 23(2): 108.     CrossRef
• Nitrous oxide‐related neurological disorders: Clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings
  Jiwei Jiang, Xiuli Shang, Xiaoting Wang, Hanze Chen, Wenyi Li, Yanli Wang, Jun Xu
  Brain and Behavior.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Serum copper decrease and cerebellar atrophy in patients with nitrous oxide-induced subacute combined degeneration: two cases report
  Jie Cao, Lusen Ran, Chenchen Liu, Zhijun Li
  BMC Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Polyneuropathy Following Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Jin Young Seo, Yerim Kim, Ji won Lee, Jong Seok Bae
  Korean Journal of Neuromuscular Disorders.2021; 13(2): 33.     CrossRef
• Subacute Combined Degeneration from Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Monique A. Mogensen, James R. Fink
  PM&R.2020; 12(4): 428.     CrossRef

• Clinical, Electrophysiological and Radiological Features of Nitrous Oxide-Induced Neurological Disorders

  
  Lei Bao, Qing Li, Qingjie Li, Hao Chen, Ruixue Zhang, Hongjuan Shi, Guiyun Cui
  Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2020; Volume 16: 977.     CrossRef
• Happy Balloon Induced Myeloneuropathy
  Soo-Hyun Park, Ho-Sang Yoon, Paul Kim, Nam-Hee Kim
  Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2020; 38(4): 327.     CrossRef

Most studies concerning congenital mirror movements (CMMs) have been focused on the motor organization in the distal hand muscles exclusively. To the best of our knowledge, there is no data on motor organization pattern of lower extremities, and a scarcity of data on the significance of forearm and arm muscles in CMMs. Here, we describe the case of a 19-year-old boy presenting mirror movements. In these terms, a 10-year transcranial magnetic stimulation study demonstrated that the motor organization pattern of the arm muscles was different from that of distal hand and forearm muscles even in the same upper extremity, and that the lower extremities showed the same pathways as healthy children. Moreover, in this case, an ipsilateral motor evoked potentials (MEPs) for distal hand muscles increased in amplitude with age, even though the intensity of mirror movements decreased. In the arm muscles, however, it was concluded that the contralateral MEPs increased in amplitude with age.

Citations

• Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines
  Simone Rossi, Andrea Antal, Sven Bestmann, Marom Bikson, Carmen Brewer, Jürgen Brockmöller, Linda L. Carpenter, Massimo Cincotta, Robert Chen, Jeff D. Daskalakis, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Michael D. Fox, Mark S. George, Donald Gilbert, Vasilios K. Kimiskidis,
  Clinical Neurophysiology.2021; 132(1): 269.     CrossRef
• Motor Organization in Schizencephaly: Outcomes of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Motor Tract Projections Correlate with the Different Domains of Hand Function
  Ju-Yul Yoon, Da-Sol Kim, Gi-Wook Kim, Myoung-Hwan Ko, Jeong-Hwan Seo, Yu Hui Won, Sung-Hee Park, Steven De Vleeschouwer
  BioMed Research International.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mirror Movements in Acquired Neurological Disorders: A Mini-Review
  Ping Liu, Yuan Yuan, Ning Zhang, Xiaoyan Liu, Lihua Yu, Benyan Luo
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Heterozygous variants in DCC
  Sebastian Thams, Mominul Islam, Marie Lindefeldt, Ann Nordgren, Tobias Granberg, Bianca Tesi, Gisela Barbany, Daniel Nilsson, Martin Paucar
  Neurology Genetics.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Joint contracture in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is refractory to treatment, and tends to deteriorate gradually over time. There is scant clinical research focusing on timing and intensity of rehabilitation on joint contractures in children with sclerodermoid cGVHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed rehabilitative therapeutic effects in 6 children with sclerodermoid cGVHD, whose clinical records documented their condition, before and after rehabilitation therapies. Three children who started treatment within a mean of 2 months after the onset of joint symptoms, and who underwent home-based exercise twice daily for 30 minutes showed more prominent improvement in range of motion compared with the other 3 children, who started rehabilitation therapy later than 6 months after onset of joint symptoms, without regular home-based exercise.

Citations

• Chronic graft-versus-host disease. Part II: Disease activity grading and therapeutic management
  Emily Baumrin, Alison W. Loren, Sandy J. Falk, Jacqueline W. Mays, Edward W. Cowen
  Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.2024; 90(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Cutaneous Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Management, and Supportive Care
  Connie R. Shi, Alana L. Ferreira, Manjit Kaur, David Xiang, Jean Caputo, Hannah K. Choe, Nada Hamad, Edward W. Cowen, Benjamin H. Kaffenberger, Emily Baumrin
  Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.2024; 30(9): S513.     CrossRef
• Graft versus host disease-related eosinophilic fasciitis: cohort description and literature review
  Cristina Hidalgo Calleja, Daniel Martín Hidalgo, Concepción Román Curto, Lourdes Vázquez López, Estefanía Pérez López, Mónica Cabrero Calvo, Ana África Martín López, María Dolores Caballero Barrigón, Lucía Lopez-Corral
  Advances in Rheumatology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Rehabilitation Interventions in the Multidisciplinary Management of Patients With Sclerotic Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Skin and Fascia
  Paula Molés-Poveda, Leora E. Comis, Galen O. Joe, Sandra A. Mitchell, Dominique C. Pichard, Rachel K. Rosenstein, Beth Solomon, Steven Z. Pavletic, Edward W. Cowen
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2021; 102(4): 776.     CrossRef

Anatomic variation of palmar digital nerve pathways were reported in several cases. Selective exploration of palmar digital nerves with a nerve conduction study has been challenging, because of technical issues. We report a patient who received bilateral carpal tunnel release operation, complaining of a tingling sensation, and hypoesthesia on the middle and ring fingers. An electrodiagnostic study revealed a sensory neuropathy of palmar digital nerve of the left median nerve, supplying the ulnar side of the middle finger, and radial side of the ring finger. She underwent re-operation of open left carpal tunnel release, and a branching site of common digital nerves of the median nerve was identified not at the palm, but at a far proximal site around the distal wrist crease. Usefulness of an orthodromic sensory conduction study was clarified to eliminate volume conducted response or co-activation of nearby nerves in the patient with selective involvement of palmar digital nerve.

Citations

• Occupational nerve injuries
  Sandra L. Hearn, Shawn P. Jorgensen, Joelle M. Gabet, Gregory T. Carter
  Muscle & Nerve.2025; 71(5): 732.     CrossRef
• Anatomical Variants of the Upper Limb Nerves: Clinical and Preoperative Relevance
  Christoph Schwabl, Romed Hörmann, Carola Johanna Strolz, Elena Drakonaki, Robert Zimmermann, Andrea Sabine Klauser
  Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology.2023; 27(02): 129.     CrossRef
• Electrophysiological and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Palmar Digital Nerve Injury in Distal Finger
  Jun Yeon Lee, Ji Yoon Kim, Ki Hoon Kim
  Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases.2023; 25(3): 125.     CrossRef

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in internal globus pallidus is considered to be a good option for controlling generalized dystonia in patients with this condition. In this relation, it is known that DBS has already been shown to have significant effects on primary dystonia, but is seen as controversial in secondary dystonia including cerebral palsy (CP). On the other hand, intrathecal baclofen (ITB) has been known to reduce spasticity and dystonia in patients who did not respond to oral medications or botulinum toxin treatment. Here, we report a patient with dystonic CP, who received the ITB pump implantation long after the DBS and who noted remarkable improvement in the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Dystonia Rating Scale, Modified Barthel Index, and visual analog scale scores for pain after an ITB pump implantation was used as compared with DBS. To our knowledge, the present case report is the first to demonstrate the effects of an ITB pump on reducing pain and dystonia and improving quality of life and satisfaction, compared with DBS in a patient with CP.

Citations

• Intrathecal baclofen, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of spasticity in cerebral palsy: a systematic review
  Amogh Kudva, Mickey E. Abraham, Justin Gold, Neal A. Patel, Julian L. Gendreau, Yehuda Herschman, Antonios Mammis
  Neurosurgical Review.2021; 44(6): 3209.     CrossRef

Vanishing white matter (VWM) disease is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects the central nervous system of a patient, and is caused by the development of pathogenic mutations in any of the EIF2B1-5 genes. Any dysfunction of the EIF2B1-5 gene encoded eIF2B causes stress-provoked episodic rapid neurological deterioration in the patient, followed by a chronic progressive disease course. We present the case of a patient with an infantileonset VWM with the pre-described specific clinical course, subsequent neurological aggravation induced by each viral infection, and the noted consequent progression into a comatose state. Although the initial brain magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal specific pathognomonic signs of VWM to distinguish it from other types of demyelinating leukodystrophy, the next-generation sequencing studies identified heterozygous missense variants in EIF2B3, including a novel variant in exon 7 (C706G), as well as a 0.008% frequency reported variant in exon 2 (T89C). Hence, the characteristic of unbiased genomic sequencing can clinically affect patient care and decisionmaking, especially in terms of the consideration of genetic disorders such as leukoencephalopathy in pediatric patients.

Citations

• A (dis)integrated stress response: Genetic diseases of eIF2α regulators
  Alyssa M. English, Katelyn M. Green, Stephanie L. Moon
  WIREs RNA.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Adult Onset Vanishing White Matter Disease: A Rare Case Report
  Govind Nagdev, Rajeshwari S Vhora, Gajanan Chavan, Gaurav Sahu
  Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Eif2b3 mutants recapitulate phenotypes of vanishing white matter disease and validate novel disease alleles in zebrafish
  Yu-Ri Lee, Se Hee Kim, Afif Ben-Mahmoud, Oc-Hee Kim, Tae-Ik Choi, Kang-Han Lee, Bonsu Ku, Juneyong Eum, Yun Kee, Sangkyu Lee, Jihoon Cha, DongJu Won, Seung-Tae Lee, Jong Rak Choi, Joon Soo Lee, Heung Dong Kim, Hyung-Goo Kim, Joshua L Bonkowsky, Hoon-Chul
  Human Molecular Genetics.2021; 30(5): 331.     CrossRef
• Profile of Indian Children with Childhood Ataxia and Central Nervous System Hypomyelination/Vanishing White Matter Disease: A Single Center Experience from Southern India
  Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Varunvenkat M. Srinivasan, Balamurugan Nagarajan, Maya Bhat, Sanjay K. Shivappa, Naveen Benakappa
  Journal of Pediatric Genetics.2021; 10(03): 205.     CrossRef

Fahr’s disease (FD) is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by the symmetric and bilateral intracerebral calcification in a patient. We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with gait disturbance, abnormal mentality, and visual field defect. The result of a brain computerized tomography showed spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in the right parieto-occipital area, and also showed the incidence of symmetric and bilateral intracerebral calcification. Moreover, laboratory studies indicated characteristic hypoparathyroidism. This brings us to understand that additionally, one of her sons also presented with similar intracerebral calcification, and was subsequently diagnosed with FD. Thus, her case was consistent with that of a patient experiencing FD. The patient had hypertension, which we now know might have caused the intracerebral hemorrhage. However, this patient’s brain lesions were in uncommon locations for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and the lesions were noted as occurring away from the identified heavily calcified areas. Thus, it seemed that the massive calcification of cerebral vessels in the basal ganglia, the most common site of intracerebral hemorrhage, might have prevented a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Eventually, an intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in an uncommon location in the patient’s brain.

Citations

• Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with PFBC and beta thalassemia: a case report
  Kuangyang Yu, Jinwei Pang, Xiaobo Yang, Jianhua Peng, Yong Jiang
  BMC Neurology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Decoding brain calcifications: A single-center descriptive case series and examination of pathophysiological mechanisms
  Bahadar S Srichawla, Eduardo Andrade, Vincent Kipkorir
  SAGE Open Medical Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fahr’s syndrome associated with hypoparathyroidism: A case report
  Mukesh Kumar Sarna, Pallaavi Goel, Varun Bhargava, Rishabh Parakh
  Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.2023; 53(4): 283.     CrossRef
• Nontraumatic spontaneous bilateral intracerebral haemorrhage in a young patient: a rare case report
  Pramodman Singh Yadav, Sagar Panthi, Aakash Neupane, Manish Uprety, Rochana Acharya, Leeza Shah, Ajmat Ansari, Ujjwal Basnet, Raksha Bhattarai, Bhawani Khanal
  Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2023; 85(5): 1830.     CrossRef
• Hypoparathyroidism with Fahr’s syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
  Yuan-Yuan Zhou, Ying Yang, Hong-Mei Qiu
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(21): 3662.     CrossRef

We describe a 33-year-old woman with chronic bulbar dysarthria after ischemic brainstem stroke who underwent a new form of constraint-induced therapy, namely constraint-induced dysarthria therapy, based on three principles: avoidance of supportive devices, intensive therapy, and gradually augmenting difficulty. After a 2-month intervention, improvement was noted for speech intelligibility, fluency, and intensity. This led to increased communicative participation, including during conversation situations, which has been maintained over a 12-month follow-up.

Citations

• A Systematic Review of Measures of Dysarthria Severity in Stroke Patients
  Rita Chiaramonte, Michele Vecchio
  PM&R.2021; 13(3): 314.     CrossRef
• Dysarthria and stroke. The effectiveness of speech rehabilitation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies
  Rita CHIARAMONTE, Michele VECCHIO
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Speech rehabilitation in dysarthria after stroke: a systematic review of the studies
  Rita Chiaramonte, Piero Pavone, Michele Vecchio
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is commonly performed in patients with intracranial hypertension or brain edema due to traumatic brain injury. Infrequently, neurologic deteriorations accompanied by sunken scalp may occur after DC. We report two patients with traumatic subdural hemorrhage who had neurologic deteriorations accompanied by sunken scalp after DC. Neurologic function improved dramatically in both patients after cranioplasty. Monitoring for neurologic deterioration after craniectomy is advised. For patients showing neurologic deficit with a sunken scalp, early cranioplasty should be considered.

Citations

• Outcome of Early Cranioplasty in Trephine Syndrome or Paradoxical Brain Herniation: A Case Report and Literature Review
  Zarbakhta Ashfaq, Hamza Ahmed, Adnan Khan, Aisha Mufti
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Improved rehabilitation efficiency after cranioplasty in patients with sunken skin flap syndrome: a case series
  Nicole Diaz-Segarra, Neil Jasey
  Brain Injury.2024; 38(2): 61.     CrossRef
• Modified frontal horn index: a novel risk predictor for sunken flap syndrome in the patients undergoing shunt procedures for post-decompressive craniectomy hydrocephalus
  Vikrant Yadav, Anurag Sahu, Ravi Shankar Prasad, Nityanand Pandey, Manish Kumar Mishra, Ravi Shekhar Pradhan
  The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Historical Vignette Portraying the Difference Between the “Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome” and the “Syndrome of the Trephined” in Decompressive Craniectomy
  Nathan Beucler, Arnaud Dagain
  World Neurosurgery.2022; 162: 11.     CrossRef
• Sinking Skin Flap Syndrome After Decompressive Hemicraniectomy in a Patient With Calvarial Multiple Myeloma Who Underwent a Lumbar Puncture: A Case Report
  Sara Tonini, David Jordanovski, Karlene Williams
  Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sinking skin flap syndrome in head and neck reconstruction: A case report
  Alyssa Ovaitt, Matthew Fort, Kirk Withrow, Brian Hughley
  Otolaryngology Case Reports.2021; 21: 100330.     CrossRef
• Postural neurologic deficits after decompressive craniectomy: A case series of sinking skin flap syndrome in traumatic brain injury
  Emma A. Bateman, Jordan VanderEnde, Keith Sequeira, Heather M. MacKenzie
  NeuroRehabilitation.2021; 49(4): 663.     CrossRef

Traumatic brain injury is a main cause of long-term neurological disability, and many patients suffer from cognitive impairment for a lengthy period. Cognitive impairment is a fatal malady to that limits active rehabilitation, and functional recovery in patients with traumatic brain injury. In severe cases, it is impossible to assess cognitive function precisely, and severe cognitive impairment makes it difficult to establish a rehabilitation plan, as well as evaluate the course of rehabilitation. Evaluation of cognitive function is essential for establishing a rehabilitation plan, as well as evaluating the course of rehabilitation. We report a case of the analysis of electroencephalography with global synchronization index and low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography applied, for evaluation of cognitive function that was difficult with conventional tests, due to severe cognitive impairment in a 77-year-old male patient that experienced traumatic brain injury.

Citations

• Brain health in diverse settings: How age, demographics and cognition shape brain function
  Hernan Hernandez, Sandra Baez, Vicente Medel, Sebastian Moguilner, Jhosmary Cuadros, Hernando Santamaria-Garcia, Enzo Tagliazucchi, Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa, Francisco Lopera, John Fredy OchoaGómez, Alfredis González-Hernández, Jasmin Bonilla-Santos, Rodrigo
  NeuroImage.2024; 295: 120636.     CrossRef
• Criticality and partial synchronization analysis in Wilson-Cowan and Jansen-Rit neural mass models
  Sheida Kazemi, AmirAli Farokhniaee, Yousef Jamali, Gennady S. Cymbalyuk
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0292910.     CrossRef
• Structural inequality and temporal brain dynamics across diverse samples
  Sandra Baez, Hernan Hernandez, Sebastian Moguilner, Jhosmary Cuadros, Hernando Santamaria‐Garcia, Vicente Medel, Joaquín Migeot, Josephine Cruzat, Pedro A. Valdes‐Sosa, Francisco Lopera, Alfredis González‐Hernández, Jasmin Bonilla‐Santos, Rodrigo A. Gonza
  Clinical and Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

We report a female proband carrying a de novo 5q34-q35.2 deletion breakpoint, and review the unique skeletal phenotype and possible genotype related to this mutation. The patient presented with a persistent head tilt and limited head rotation. Non-contrast-enhanced three-dimensional computed tomography of the cervical spine revealed several malformations including a bone cleft in the right pars interarticularis, a bone defect in both C5 lamina and the transverse foramen at C2–C3, agenesis of the right articular process of C5, bony fusion of C4–C5, and subluxation of the craniocervical joints. Several deformities of the cervical spine seen in this patient have not been associated with the 5q deletion. A review of 5q-related mutations suggests that abnormalities associated with MSX2 gene might cause cervical spine abnormalities.

Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury mostly occurs during surgical procedures. SAN injury caused by manipulation therapy has been rarely reported. We present a rare case of SAN injury associated with manipulation therapy showing scapular winging and droopy shoulder. A 42-year-old woman visited our outpatient clinic complaining of pain and limited active range of motion (ROM) in right shoulder and scapular winging after manipulation therapy. Needle electromyography and nerve conduction study suggested SAN injury. Physical therapy (PT) three times a week for 2 weeks were prescribed. After a total of 6 sessions of PT and modality, the patient reported that the pain was gradually relieved during shoulder flexion and abduction with improved active ROM of shoulder. Over the course of 2 months follow-up, the patient reported almost recovered shoulder ROM and strength as before. She did not complain of shoulder pain any more.

Citations

• Age Group-Specific Improvement of Vertebral Scoliosis after the Surgical Release of Congenital Muscular Torticollis
  Jong Min Choi, Seong Hoon Seol, Jae Hyun Kim, Chan Min Chung, Myong Chul Park
  Archives of Plastic Surgery.2024; 51(01): 072.     CrossRef
• Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury following Spinal Adjustment: Case Report and Literature Review of the Outcome of Accessory Nerve Pathology as Result of Blunt Trauma (Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy after Spinal Adjustment)
  Sulaiman Alanazi, Areej M. Alawfi, Bander S. Alrashedan, Reem A. Almohaini, Majed M. Shogair, Talal A. Alshehri, Eyal Itshayek
  Case Reports in Orthopedics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Cervical Myelopathy after Neck Manipulation
  Jin Sun Kang, Sung Hoon Lee, Ki Hong Won, Tae Ki Choi, Su Min Lee, Eun Young Kang, Hyun Kyung Lee, Youn Kyung Cho
  Clinical Pain.2023; 22(2): 122.     CrossRef
• Iatrogenic injury of the spinal accessory nerve in selective superficial parotidectomy
  Ida M. Stefanizzi, Giulia Petroni, Margherita Pallocci, Michele Treglia, Mauro Arcangeli, Pasquale Giugliano, Alessandro Feola
  Chirurgia.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Ultrasonographic diagnosis of an iatrogenic winged scapula caused by spinal accessory neuropathy combined with dorsal scapular neuropathy - a case report
  Alper Uysal, Nimet Bilge Kalkan
  European Journal of Medical Case Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Transcranial electrical stimulation-motor evoked potential (TES-MEP) is a valuable intraoperative monitoring technique during brain tumor surgery. However, TES can stimulate deep subcortical areas located far from the motor cortex. There is a concern about false-negative results from the use of TES-MEP during resection of those tumors adjacent to the primary motor cortex. Our study reports three cases of TES-MEP monitoring with false-negative results due to deep axonal stimulation during brain tumor resection. Although no significant change in TES-MEP was observed during surgery, study subjects experienced muscle weakness after surgery. Deep axonal stimulation of TES could give false-negative results. Therefore, a combined method of TES-MEP and direct cortical stimulation-motor evoked potential (DCS-MEP) or direct subcortical stimulation should be considered to overcome the limitation of TES-MEP.

Citations

• Detecting and Addressing Secondary Neural Injuries in Cranial Surgery: Case Report
  Justin W. Silverstein, James Duehr, Sabena Vilaysom, Michael Schulder, Daniel G. Eichberg
  The Neurodiagnostic Journal.2024; 64(4): 203.     CrossRef
• Short and long-term prognostic value of intraoperative motor evoked potentials in brain tumor patients: a case series of 121 brain tumor patients
  Justin W. Silverstein, Harshal A. Shah, Prashin Unadkat, Sabena Vilaysom, John A. Boockvar, David J. Langer, Jason A. Ellis, Randy S. D’Amico
  Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2023; 161(1): 127.     CrossRef
• Real world demonstration of hand motor mapping using the structural connectivity atlas
  Karol Osipowicz, Christos Profyris, Alana Mackenzie, Peter Nicholas, Peter Rudder, Hugh M. Taylor, Isabella M. Young, Angus W. Joyce, Lewis Dobbin, Onur Tanglay, Lerroy Thompson, Tshimollo Mashilwane, Michael E. Sughrue, Stephane Doyen
  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2023; 228: 107679.     CrossRef
• Usefulness of Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential in Clipping Surgery for Cerebral Aneurysms-Introduction of a New Protocol for Stable Monitoring
  Tatsuya SASAKI, Kensuke MURAKAMI, Atsushi SAITO, Shinya HARYU, Masayuki KAMEYAMA, Yoshiharu TAKAHASHI, Satoru TAKAMURO, Nana KATO, Toshiki ENDO
  Neurologia medico-chirurgica.2023; 63(9): 409.     CrossRef
• Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for supratentorial brain tumor surgery
  Han Gil Seo
  Journal of Intraoperative Neurophysiology.2020; 2(2): 73.     CrossRef

The application of three-dimensional (3D) printing is growing explosively in the medical field, and is especially widespread in the clinical use of fabricating upper limb orthosis and prosthesis. Advantages of 3D-printed orthosis compared to conventional ones include its lower cost, easier modification, and faster fabrication. Hands are the most common body parts involved with burn victims and one of the main complications of hand burns are finger joint contractures. Applying orthotic devices such as finger splints are a well-established essential element of burn care. In spite of the rapid evolution of the clinical use of 3D printing, to our knowledge, its application to hand burn patients has not yet been reported. In this study, the authors present a series of patients with hand burn injuries whose orthotic needs were fulfilled with the application of 3D-printed finger splints.

Citations

• Motion-Mimicking Robotic Finger Prosthesis for Burn-induced Partial Hand Amputee: A Case Report
  So Young Joo, Yoon Soo Cho, Jisu Seo, Yurim Seo, Sangho Yi, Cheong Hoon Seo
  Journal of Burn Care & Research.2025; 46(1): 230.     CrossRef
• A national survey of conservative mallet finger injury care and the potential for 3D printing to impact current practice
  Una M. Cronin, Dr. Niamh M. Cummins, Dr. Aidan O’ Sullivan, Prof. Damien Ryan, Prof. Leonard O'Sullivan
  Annals of 3D Printed Medicine.2025; 17: 100184.     CrossRef
• Response to Letter to the Editor “Motion-Mimicking Robotic Finger Prosthesis for Burn-Induced Partial Hand Amputee: A Case Report—Correspondence”
  So Young Joo, Yoon Soo Cho, Sangho Yi, Cheong Hoon Seo
  Journal of Burn Care & Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• 3D-printed orthoses vs. traditional plaster cast: a comparative clinical study
  Ciprian Glazer, Mihaela Oravitan, Corina Pantea, Alexandra Mihaela Stanila, Nicolae-Adrian Jurjiu, Andreea Totok, Mihai Petru Marghitas, Claudiu Avram
  Balneo and PRM Research Journal.2025; 16(Vol 16 No.): 785.     CrossRef
• Additive Manufacturing and Upper-Limb Orthoses: A Scoping Review
  Amy Gehner, Dianna Lunsford
  JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics.2024; 36(1): e25.     CrossRef
• An adjustable and customised finger splint to improve mallet finger treatment compliance and outcomes
  Shi Lei Teng, Yoke Rung Wong, Peggy Poh Hoon Lim, Duncan Angus McGrouther
  Annals of 3D Printed Medicine.2024; 13: 100142.     CrossRef
• Minimizing post-operative burn contracture through customized inter-phalangeal static stent: Analysis of digital vs conventional workflows - Case Report
  Shubham Sharma, Ritty Jeba E., Parag Dua, Saurav Kumar
  Journal of Indian Dental Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Review on 3D Scanners Studies for Producing Customized Orthoses
  Rui Silva, Bruna Silva, Cristiana Fernandes, Pedro Morouço, Nuno Alves, António Veloso
  Sensors.2024; 24(5): 1373.     CrossRef
• 3D printed personalized assistive devices: A material, technique, and medical condition perspective
  Srija Vennam, Vijayasankar KN, Falguni Pati
  Applied Materials Today.2024; 40: 102403.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of hand reconstruction techniques for the treatment of postburn contractures of the hand: A systematic review
  Christos Vosinakis, Simona Ippoliti, Efthimios Samoladas, Anna-Bettina Haidich, Irene E. Gamatsi, Lee Smith, Chryssa Pourzitaki
  Burns.2024; 50(9): 107281.     CrossRef
• Utilization of 3D printed orthoses for musculoskeletal conditions of the upper extremity: A systematic review
  Deborah A. Schwartz, Katherine A. Schofield
  Journal of Hand Therapy.2023; 36(1): 166.     CrossRef
• Rehabilitation interventions after hand burn injury in adults: A systematic review
  Zoë Edger-Lacoursière, Erika Deziel, Bernadette Nedelec
  Burns.2023; 49(3): 516.     CrossRef
• Application of a 3D-Printed Writing–Typing Assistive Device in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
  Ji Hwan Kim, Hee Seung Yang, Seung Hyun Han, Byung Min Lee, Youn Kyung Lee, Woo Sob Sim, Gwan Su Park, Seul Bin Na Lee, Min Jo
  Applied Sciences.2022; 12(18): 9037.     CrossRef
• Application of 3D Printing Technology in the Medical Field
  Bingwei Gao, Hongjian Zhao, Hongtao Yu, Yihan Lin, Jun Liu, Jiawei Wang
  Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering).2022; 15(8): 621.     CrossRef
• Manufacture and clinical application of the forearm pronation’s assistant tableware in the severely burned
  Jia-Jia Shi, Ying Sun, Shan-Shan Pan, Ting-Ting Xu, Jia-Jia Hua
  Burns.2021; 47(3): 684.     CrossRef
• In-hospital professional production of patient-specific 3D-printed devices for hand and wrist rehabilitation
  M. Keller, A. Guebeli, Florian Thieringer, Philipp Honigmann
  Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.2021; 40(2): 126.     CrossRef
• Direct 3D Printing of a hand splint using Reverse Engineering
  J Kechagias, K Kitsakis, A Zacharias, K Theocharis, K-E Aslani, M Petousis, N A Fountas, N M Vaxevadnidis
  IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.2021; 1037(1): 012019.     CrossRef
• Three-dimensional Printed Customized Adjustable Mallet Finger Splint: A Cheap, Effective, and Comfortable Alternative
  Theodora Papavasiliou, Rushabh K. Shah, Stelios Chatzimichail, Lauren Uppal, Jeffrey C.Y. Chan
  Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open.2021; 9(3): e3500.     CrossRef
• Overview of In‐Hospital 3D Printing and Practical Applications in Hand Surgery
  Marco Keller, Alissa Guebeli, Florian Thieringer, Philipp Honigmann, Xiaojun Duan
  BioMed Research International.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Clinical Utility of an Exoskeleton Robot Using Three-Dimensional Scanner Modeling in Burn Patient: A Case Report
  So Young Joo, Seung Yeol Lee, Yoon Soo Cho, Sangho Yi, Cheong Hoon Seo
  Journal of Burn Care & Research.2021; 42(5): 1030.     CrossRef
• Customized Power Wheelchair Joysticks Made by Three-Dimensional Printing Technology: A Pilot Study on the Environmental Adaptation Effects for Severe Quadriplegia
  Hee Dong Shin, Da Hyun Ahn, Hyun Ah Lee, Yun Kyung Lee, Hee Seung Yang, Min Jo, Seul Bin Na Lee, Gwan Su Park, Yun Sub Hwang, Woo Sob Sim, Sung-Jun Park
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(14): 7464.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of 3D-printed orthoses for traumatic and chronic hand conditions: A scoping review
  T. A. M. Oud, E. Lazzari, H. J. H. Gijsbers, M. Gobbo, F. Nollet, M. A. Brehm, David Benjamin Lumenta
  PLOS ONE.2021; 16(11): e0260271.     CrossRef
• Trends in 3D Printing Processes for Biomedical Field: Opportunities and Challenges
  Alina Ghilan, Aurica P. Chiriac, Loredana E. Nita, Alina G. Rusu, Iordana Neamtu, Vlad Mihai Chiriac
  Journal of Polymers and the Environment.2020; 28(5): 1345.     CrossRef
• The functional effect of 3D-printing individualized orthosis for patients with peripheral nerve injuries
  Dong-Sik Chae, Da-Ham Kim, Kyung-Yil Kang, Doo-Young Kim, Si-Woon Park, Sung-Jun Park, Jae-Hyung Kim
  Medicine.2020; 99(16): e19791.     CrossRef
• 3D printing technologies in the treatment of patients with injuries and diseases of the forearm and hand
  V V Khominets, S A Peleshok, D A Volov, M V Titova, M I Eliseeva, S V Kushnarev, A V Shirshin, V N Adamenko, Ya I Nebylitsa
  Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy.2020; 22(1): 113.     CrossRef
• 3D printing in hand surgery
  V. Matter-Parrat, P. Liverneaux
  Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.2019; 38(6): 338.     CrossRef

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is safe and effective in wound healing, cellular growth, synthesis of extracellular matrix protein, and inflammation reduction via activation of adenosine A2 receptors. We report a 28-year-old male patient treated with PDRN injections for chronic non-healing wound refractory to negative pressure wound therapy, skin graft, or growth factors. Three injections of PDRN were administered at the wound site into the anterior and medial sides of the left stump on the 1st, 4th, and 9th days of hospitalization. The PDRN ameliorated wound healing by enhancing cell growth, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. PDRN application represents a potential treatment for non-healing wounds obviating the need for additional therapies, and hospitalization, as well as improve patient’s activities of daily living.

Citations

• An NIR-responsive hydrogel loaded with polydeoxyribonucleotide nano-vectors for enhanced chronic wound healing
  Yanzhen Sun, Yao Li, Xiaokang Ding, Pan Xu, Xiaodong Jing, Hailin Cong, Hao Hu, Bing Yu, Fu-Jian Xu
  Biomaterials.2025; 314: 122789.     CrossRef
• Non-surgical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers on the dorsum of the foot with polydeoxyribonucleotide injection: Two case reports
  Yooseok Ha, Jeong-Hee Kim, Jiyoung Kim, Hyeokjae Kwon
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(20): 4446.     CrossRef
• СУЧАСНІ МЕТОДИ ЛІКУВАННЯ РУБЦІВ ПІСЛЯ ЗАГОЄННЯ РАН, ОТРИМАНИХ ПІСЛЯ ВОГНЕПАЛЬНИХ ПОРАНЕНЬ І МІННО-ВИБУХОВИХ ТРАВМ РІЗНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ ТА ЛОКАЛІЗАЦІЇ У ВІЙСЬКОВИХ
  І. М. Салайда
  Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини.2024; (2): 150.     CrossRef
• Analgesic Effect of Human Placenta Hydrolysate on CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain in Mice
  Keun-Tae Park, Heejoon Jo, So-Hyun Jeon, Kyeongsoo Jeong, Minju Im, Jae-Won Kim, Jong-Pil Jung, Hoe Chang Jung, Jae hun Lee, Woojin Kim
  Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(9): 1179.     CrossRef
• A chitosan derivative-crosslinked hydrogel with controllable release of polydeoxyribonucleotides for wound treatment
  Yanzhen Sun, Xiaodong Jing, Yang Liu, Bing Yu, Hao Hu, Hailin Cong, Youqing Shen
  Carbohydrate Polymers.2023; 300: 120298.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Promoting the Healing of Diabetic Wounds in a Murine Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes: A Pilot Experiment
  Jiyoung Yun, SaeGwang Park, Ha Young Park, Kyung Ah Lee
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(3): 1932.     CrossRef
• Rotator Cuff Tendon Regeneration
  Sang-Eun Park, Jong-Hun Ji, Hyun-Sik Jun
  Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association.2023; 58(5): 365.     CrossRef
• Topical Polydeoxyribonucleotide Loaded in Hydrogel Formulation for Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
  Mariya Dmitriyeva, Timur Suleimenov, Daulet Yessenbayev, Dulat Turebayev, Saltanat Urazova, Mirsaid Izimbergenov, Saken Kozhakhmetov, Talgat Omarov, Medet Toleubayev
  Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 10(A): 198.     CrossRef
• Current Progress and Outlook of Nano-Based Hydrogel Dressings for Wound Healing
  Xiao Zhang, Pengyu Wei, Zhengyang Yang, Yishan Liu, Kairui Yang, Yuhao Cheng, Hongwei Yao, Zhongtao Zhang
  Pharmaceutics.2022; 15(1): 68.     CrossRef
• Applications of Marine Organism-Derived Polydeoxyribonucleotide: Its Potential in Biomedical Engineering
  Tae-Hee Kim, Seong-Yeong Heo, Gun-Woo Oh, Soo-Jin Heo, Won-Kyo Jung
  Marine Drugs.2021; 19(6): 296.     CrossRef
• Alginate/chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with gene vectors to deliver polydeoxyribonucleotide for effective wound healing
  Xiaodong Jing, Yanzhen Sun, Yang Liu, Xiaoli Ma, Hao Hu
  Biomaterials Science.2021; 9(16): 5533.     CrossRef
• Polydeoxyribonucleotide-delivering therapeutic hydrogel for diabetic wound healing
  Da Yong Shin, Ji-Ung Park, Min-Ha Choi, Sukwha Kim, Hyoun-Ee Kim, Seol-Ha Jeong
  Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide on Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review of the Literature
  Maria T Colangelo, Carlo Galli, Stefano Guizzardi
  Regenerative Medicine.2020; 15(6): 1801.     CrossRef

Lymphedema is a common complication associated with cancer itself or with cancer treatment. Lymphedema infrequently occurs after drug therapy. Bee venom is one of the materials used in acupuncture, and it has been used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases including arthritis. We report a 74-year-old male patient with late-onset post-radiation lymphedema provoked by bee venom therapy. He was free of lymphedema for 5 years after the complete remission of prostate cancer which had been treated with transurethral resection and radiation therapy. The patient developed left leg swelling after undergoing bee venom therapy for left hip pain. Computed tomography and lymphoscintigraphy showed lymphedema without tumor recurrence or infection. The lymphatic system was suspected to be injured by bee venom therapy and lymphedema was provoked. Bee venom therapy should be used cautiously in patients prone to lymphedema.

Citations

• Melittin and phospholipase A2: Promising anti-cancer candidates from bee venom
  Ziyan Cui, Zegao Zhou, Ziyan Sun, Jiayue Duan, Runtian Liu, Cheng Qi, Changqing Yan
  Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 179: 117385.     CrossRef
• Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of honey bee venom
  Amjad Ullah, Fahad Mohammed Aldakheel, Syed Ishtiaq Anjum, Ghulam Raza, Saeed Ahmad Khan, Ivana Tlak Gajger
  Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.2023; 31(1): 96.     CrossRef
• Update December 2018
  Francine Blei
  Lymphatic Research and Biology.2018; 16(6): 567.     CrossRef

Posterior epidural migration of a lumbar intervertebral disc fragment (PEMLIF) is uncommon because of anatomical barriers. It is difficult to diagnose PEMLIF definitively because of its relatively rare incidence and the ambiguity of radiological findings resembling spinal tumors. This case report describes a 76-year-old man with sudden-onset weakness and pain in both legs. Electromyography revealed bilateral lumbosacral polyradiculopathy with a mass-like lesion in L2-3 dorsal epidural space on lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The lesion showed peripheral rim enhancement on T1-weighted MRI with gadolinium administration. The patient underwent decompressive L2-3 central laminectomy, to remove the mass-like lesion. The excised lesion was confirmed as an intervertebral disc. The possibility of PEMLIF should be considered when rim enhancement is observed in the epidural space on MRI scans and electrodiagnostic features of polyradiculopathy with sudden symptoms of cauda equina syndrome.

Citations

• Posterior epidural migration of thoracic and lumbar disc material: a comprehensive 63-year systematic review with anatomical perspectives
  Shafi Hamid, Madison Kropuenske, Salma Zahran, Ehsan Alimohammadi
  Neurosurgical Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Posterior epidural migration of herniated disc: A case series and literature review
  Maria Ilaria Borruto, Andrea Perna, Domenico Alessandro Santagada, Calogero Velluto, Maurizio Genitiempo, Francesco Ciro Tamburrelli, Luca Proietti
  Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice.2025; 16: 1.     CrossRef
• Sequestered Lumbar Disc Mimicking Psoas Abscess: A Case Report
  Shu Suzuki, Kazuya Okita, Kazuki Abe, Mizuka Suzuki, Yasunobu Takaki
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Gadolinium-Enhanced 3-Dimensional MRI for Diagnosis and Surgical Planning of Posterior Epidural Migration of Lumbar Disc Fragment
  Yoshinao Koike, Tomomichi Kajino, Shinya Dobashi, Norimasa Iwasaki
  JBJS Case Connector.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Posterior and anterior epidural and intradural migration of the sequestered intervertebral disc: Three cases and review of the literature
  Daphne J. Theodorou, Stavroula J. Theodorou, Yousuke Kakitsubata, Evangelos I. Papanastasiou, Ioannis D. Gelalis
  The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine.2022; 45(2): 305.     CrossRef
• Posterior epidural intervertebral disc migration and sequestration: A systematic review
  Paolo Palmisciano, Kishore Balasubramanian, Gianluca Scalia, Navraj S. Sagoo, Ali S. Haider, Othman Bin Alamer, Vishal Chavda, Bipin Chaurasia, Harsh Deora, Maurizio Passanisi, Valerio Da Ros, Giuseppe R. Giammalva, Rosario Maugeri, Domenico G. Iacopino,
  Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2022; 98: 115.     CrossRef
• A Review of the Diagnostic Features of Posteriorly Migrated Lumbar Discs with Reports of Two Cases
  Ajaya Kumar Ayyappan Unnithan
  Neurology India.2022; 70(3): 1213.     CrossRef
• Sequestrated Lumbar Disc Herniation Mimicking Spinal Neoplasm
  Faisal Konbaz, Sami I Aleissa, Fahad Al Helal, Majed Abaalkhail, Waleed Alrogy, Abrar Bin Dohaim, Nasser Albishi
  Cureus.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Posterior epidural sequestrated disc presenting with contralateral radiculopathy: a very rare case
  Withawin Kesornsak, Kanthika Wasinpongwanich, Verapan Kuansongtham
  Spinal Cord Series and Cases.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Dorsal migration of lumbar disc fragments causing cauda equina syndromes: A three case series and literature review
  Shawn Singh Rai, Carlos Rodrigo Goulart, Sepehr Lalezari, Michael Anthony Galgano, Satish Krishnamurthy
  Surgical Neurology International.2020; 11: 175.     CrossRef
• Posterior epidural migration of herniated lumbar disc fragment: a literature review
  Alaa Eldin Elsharkawy, Anne Hagemann, Peter Douglas Klassen
  Neurosurgical Review.2019; 42(4): 811.     CrossRef

Injury to the thalamocortical tract (one in the Papez circuit) that leads to memory impairment following brain injury is very rare. In this study, we present a case of partial injury to the thalamocortical tract that causes memory impairment after concurrent thalamic and hippocampal infarct. A 20-year-old male complained of memory impairment 1 month after partial injury to the thalamocortical tract. Using a probabilistic diffusing tensor tractography, it was found that the right thalamocortical tract was thinner than the left thalamocortical tract. However, all other neural tracts including the fornix, cingulum, and mammillothalamic tract were intact on both hemispheres. Therefore, the memory impairment in this patient was considered as being due to thalamic infarct based on the observation that the fornix from hippocampal infarct was intact. This case suggests that the assessment of lesions in the neural tracts of the Papez circuit might be useful for understanding the mechanism of memory impairment following cerebral infarction.

Citations

• Association between scrub typhus encephalitis and diffusion tensor tractography detection of Papez circuit injury: A case report
  Hyeok Gyu Kwon, Jeong-Hee Yang, Jee-Hyun Kwon, Dongseok Yang
  World Journal of Clinical Cases.2021; 9(13): 3194.     CrossRef