1. Stevens JC. AAEM minimonograph #26: the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 1997;20:1477-1486. PMID:
9390659.
2. Werner RA, Andary M. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve 2011;44:597-607. PMID:
21922474.
3. Al-Shekhlee A, Shapiro BE, Preston DC. Iatrogenic complications and risks of nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography. Muscle Nerve 2003;27:517-526. PMID:
12707972.
4. Rubin DI. Technical issues and potential complications of nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography. Neurol Clin 2012;30:685-710. PMID:
22361380.
5. Buchberger W, Judmaier W, Birbamer G, Lener M, Schmidauer C. Carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnosis with high-resolution sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:793-798. PMID:
1529845.
6. Koenig RW, Pedro MT, Heinen CP, Schmidt T, Richter HP, Antoniadis G, et al. High-resolution ultrasonography in evaluating peripheral nerve entrapment and trauma. Neurosurg Focus 2009;26:E13.
7. Gellhorn AC, Carlson MJ. Inter-rater, intra-rater, and inter-machine reliability of quantitative ultrasound measurements of the patellar tendon. Ultrasound Med Biol 2013;39:791-796. PMID:
23465140.
8. Reimers CD, Schlotter B, Eicke BM, Witt TN. Calf enlargement in neuromuscular diseases: a quantitative ultrasound study in 350 patients and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 1996;143:46-56. PMID:
8981297.
9. Schmidt R, Voit T. Ultrasound measurement of quadriceps muscle in the first year of life: normal values and application to spinal muscular atrophy. Neuropediatrics 1993;24:36-42. PMID:
8474609.
10. Kamala D, Suresh S, Githa K. Real-time ultrasonography in neuromuscular problems in children. J Clin Ultrasound 1985;13:465-468. PMID:
3932477.
11. Zuberi SM, Matta N, Nawaz S, Stephenson JB, McWilliam RC, Hollman A. Muscle ultrasound in the assessment of suspected neuromuscular disease in childhood. Neuromuscul Disord 1999;9:203-207. PMID:
10399745.
12. Pillen S, Tak RO, Zwarts MJ, Lammens MM, Verrijp KN, Arts IM, et al. Skeletal muscle ultrasound: correlation between fibrous tissue and echo intensity. Ultrasound Med Biol 2009;35:443-446. PMID:
19081667.
13. Arts IM, Pillen S, Schelhaas HJ, Overeem S, Zwarts MJ. Normal values for quantitative muscle ultrasonography in adults. Muscle Nerve 2010;41:32-41. PMID:
19722256.
14. Maurits NM, Bollen AE, Windhausen A, De Jager AE, Van Der Hoeven JH. Muscle ultrasound analysis: normal values and differentiation between myopathies and neuropathies. Ultrasound Med Biol 2003;29:215-225. PMID:
12659909.
15. Bargfrede M, Schwennicke A, Tumani H, Reimers CD. Quantitative ultrasonography in focal neuropathies as compared to clinical and EMG findings. Eur J Ultrasound 1999;10:21-29. PMID:
10502636.
16. Reimers K, Reimers CD, Wagner S, Paetzke I, Pongratz DE. Skeletal muscle sonography: a correlative study of echogenicity and morphology. J Ultrasound Med 1993;12:73-77. PMID:
8468739.
17. Arts IM, van Rooij FG, Overeem S, Pillen S, Janssen HM, Schelhaas HJ, et al. Quantitative muscle ultrasonography in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ultrasound Med Biol 2008;34:354-361. PMID:
17964067.
18. de Krom MC, Knipschild PG, Kester AD, Thijs CT, Boekkooi PF, Spaans F. Carpal tunnel syndrome: prevalence in the general population. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:373-376. PMID:
1569433.
19. Kim JS, Seok HY, Kim BJ. The significance of muscle echo intensity on ultrasound for focal neuropathy: the median- to ulnar-innervated muscle echo intensity ratio in carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2016;127:880-885. PMID:
25998202.
20. Scholten RR, Pillen S, Verrips A, Zwarts MJ. Quantitative ultrasonography of skeletal muscles in children: normal values. Muscle Nerve 2003;27:693-698. PMID:
12766980.
21. Dumitru D, Amato AA, Zwarts M. Electrodiagnostic medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 2002. p.1062.
22. Padua L, LoMonaco M, Gregori B, Valente EM, Padua R, Tonali P. Neurophysiological classification and sensitivity in 500 carpal tunnel syndrome hands. Acta Neurol Scand 1997;96:211-217. PMID:
9325471.
23. Fleiss JL. Design and analysis of clinical experiments. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1999. p.1-28.
24. Schmidt WA, Schmidt H, Schicke B, Gromnica-Ihle E. Standard reference values for musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:988-994. PMID:
15249327.
25. Beekman R, Visser LH. Sonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a critical review of the literature. Muscle Nerve 2003;27:26-33. PMID:
12508291.
26. Pillen S, Arts IM, Zwarts MJ. Muscle ultrasound in neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 2008;37:679-693. PMID:
18506712.
27. Simon NG, Ralph JW, Lomen-Hoerth C, Poncelet AN, Vucic S, Kiernan MC, et al. Quantitative ultrasound of denervated hand muscles. Muscle Nerve 2015;52:221-230. PMID:
25388871.
28. Wallwork TL, Hides JA, Stanton WR. Intrarater and interrater reliability of assessment of lumbar multifidus muscle thickness using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007;37:608-612. PMID:
17970407.