Acute femoral neuropathy following renal transplantation, although previously described, is an uncommon and rarely recognized complication. We report 3 cases of the femoral neuropathy occurred after renal transplantation: case 1, femoral neuropathy; case 2, femoral with lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy; case 3, isolated lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy. All of them developed on the same side of the operation. The neuropathy was confirmed by nerve conduction study and needle EMG. All of them showed excellent recovery in a few months postinjury. The mechanism of neuropathy is still unknown, but the following mechanisms have been taken into consideration: ⸁ direct surgical trauma, ⸂ ischemic femoral nerve injury due to vascular ligation or a steal syndrome, ⸃ compression neuropathy resulting from anticoagulation with hematoma formation, and ⸄ compression injury caused by prolonged application of self-retraining retractors.