Sixteen legs in eight cadavera were dissected to observe the anatomic course of the superficial peroneal nerve around the ankle and the superficial peroneal sensory conduction study was performed in twenty-eight normal subjects. The anatomic course of the superficial peroneal nerve around the ankle was in two types, type I and type II. Type I was 13 cases(81%) and type II was 3 cases(19%). In type I, the nerve penetrated the crural fascia and became subcutaneous at 8.8⁑1.1 cm proximal to the ankle joint and divided into two major branches at 2.6⁑1.1 cm proximal to the ankle. Medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves were located at 47%(⁑3.4%) and 35%(⁑4.9%) of the intermalleolar distance from lateral malleolus, respectively. In type II, the medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve arose seperately from the superficial peroneal nerve at 8.0⁑0.9 cm proximal to the ankle joint. Medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves were located at 49%(⁑5.6%) and 33%(⁑4.0%) of the intermalleolar distance from the lateral malleolus, respectively. Superficial peroneal sensory conduction study was performed based on the findings of type I. The mean distal latencies and amplitudes were 3.21⁑0.35 msec, 12.1⁑3.37 ㄍV and 3.17⁑0.37msec, 14.54⁑4.60 ㄍV in medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves, respectively.